565 Results Found

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide applic...

Background: Canine leishmaniasis is notoriously difficult to manage by chemotherapy alone, necessitating the consideration of supplemental or alternative treatment. Evidence is presented to support the feasibility of immunotherapy of diseased dogs th...

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for cancer immunotherapy have been actively developed to improve clinical efficacy. In our previous report, monocyte−derived DCs induced by interleukin (IL)−4 with a low−adherence dish (low−adherent IL-4−DCs: la−IL-4−DCs)...

Antibodies and other new antibody-like formats have emerged as one of the most rapidly growing classes of biotherapeutic proteins. Understanding the structural features that drive antibody function and, consequently, their molecular recognition is cr...

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection induces robust CD8 T cell responses, which play a critical role in resolving Lm during primary infection and provide protective immunity to re-infections. Comprehensive studies have been conducted to delineate th...

Vaccination of domestic ruminants against paratuberculosis has been related to homologous and heterologous protective effects that have been attributed to the establishment of a trained immune response. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils could...

Novel immunopreventive strategies are emerging that show great promise for conferring long-term protection to individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The KISIMA vaccine platform utilizes a chimeric protein comprising: (1) a selected...

The format used to communicate probability—verbal versus numerical descriptors—can impact risk perceptions and behaviors. This issue is salient for the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where concerns about vaccine-related risks may re...

Abscess formation is one of the main symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus infection. It is very important to inhibit abscess formation for preventing S. aureus persistent infection. To find a feasible solution, the live oral vaccines delivering S. aureu...

Since 2017, Italy has expanded the compulsory vaccination from 4 to 10 for those aged 0 to 16 years. Because of the great organizational effort required for the immunization services, minor attention was given to the vaccinations not included among t...

The COVID-19 pandemics has caused the death of almost six million people worldwide. In order to establish collective immunity, the first vaccines that were approved in Germany were the vector virus-based vaccine Vaxzevria and the mRNA vaccines Comirn...

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health problem and models using non-human primates (NHP) provide the most relevant approach for vaccine testing. In this study, we analysed CT images collected from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques following...

Background: Antigen format strongly influences the immunogenicity of gene-based vaccines. Full-length Spike is widely used in licensed COVID-19 vaccines, while truncated subunits such as S1 or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) may simplify vector des...

The characteristics and influence of the echo chamber effect (TECE) of health misinformation diffusion on social media have been investigated by researchers, but the formation mechanism of TECE needs to be explored specifically and deeply. This resea...

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a worldwide health issue. Among hemodialysis (HD) patients, two-dose immunization schemes with mRNA vaccines have contributed to preventing severe COVID-19 cases; however, some have not produced a sufficient humo...

Lassa fever surpasses Ebola, Marburg, and all other hemorrhagic fevers except Dengue in its public health impact. Caused by Lassa virus (LASV), the disease is a scourge on populations in endemic areas of West Africa, where reported incidence is highe...

As of September 2021, twenty-one anti-COVID-19 vaccines have been approved in the world. Their utilization will expedite an end to the current pandemic. Besides the usual vaccine formats that include inactivated viruses (eight approved vaccines) and...

Despite advancements in vaccinology, there is currently no effective anti-HIV vaccine. One strategy under investigation is based on the identification of epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies to include in vaccine preparation. Taking...

This study focuses on factors that shape vaccine attitudes and behaviours in the context of a low-trust society. Our analysis focuses on the Polish vaccination programme against COVID-19, primarily on (1) the evaluation of the information campaign, (...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy contributes to unsatisfactory vaccination coverage in Korea despite its high efficacy in preventing various diseases including cervical cancer. To enhance HPV vaccine uptake, effective communication with t...

Bacterial ghosts (BGS) are empty non-living envelopes produced either genetically or chemically. This study investigated a novel chemical protocol for the production of Neisseria meningitidis ghost vaccine using tween 80 followed by a pH reduction wi...

People with diabetes have an increased risk of experiencing adverse COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is, therefore, highly recommended. However, people with diabetes have an inherently elevated risk of thrombotic events and the impact of the v...

In South Korea, a mandatory nation-wide foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination policy is in place. However, a major side effect of the current method of intramuscular (IM) administration of oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccines is the formation of granulomas...

Part I. Basic Principles. TB vaccines cannot prevent establishment of the infection. They can only prevent an early pulmonary tubercle from developing into clinical disease. A more effective new vaccine should optimize both cell-mediated immunity (CM...

Critical consciousness development represents a building block in the formation of health-related attitudes and behaviours. One of the most studied health-related behaviours in the previous year is COVID-19 vaccination behaviour. The present study ex...

During the COVID-19 pandemic; it transpired that there were different influences contributing to the people’s (un)willingness to be vaccinated. In our research, we start from the assumption that religiosity may be one of the reasons for such be...

Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait...

Despite the fact that a range of vaccines against COVID-19 have already been created and are used for mass vaccination, the development of effective, safe, technological, and affordable vaccines continues. We have designed a vaccine that combines the...

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines provide strong protection against COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we investigated the interactions of specific polyclonal human antibodies...

The number of people vaccinated against COVID-19 increases worldwide every day; however, it is important to study the risk of breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals at high risk of exposure such as healthcare personnel (HCP). A systematic...

In recent years, the private and public sectors have increased investments in medical diagnostics for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite these investments, numerous barriers prevent the adoption of existing diagnostics and discourage t...

Induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the nasal cavity protects against influenza virus infection. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are used as mucosal adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of intranasal inf...

Long-lived memory cell formation and maintenance are usually regulated by cytokines and transcriptional factors. Adjuvant effects of IL-7 have been studied in the vaccines of influenza and other pathogens. However, few studies investigated the adjuva...

Emerging efficacy and safety data have led to the authorization of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, but most trials excluded patients with active malignancies. This study evaluates the intended acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients in Hon...

The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to communicating accurate information about vaccines because of the spread of misinformation. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) tried to reassure the public by communicating early on about the development and...

Vaccination is a public health cornerstone that protects against numerous infectious diseases. Despite its benefits, immunization implications on ocular health warrant thorough investigation, particularly in the context of vaccine-induced ocular infl...

Solid dose vaccine formulation and delivery systems offer potential advantages over traditional liquid vaccine formulations. In addition to enhanced thermostability, needle-free delivery of unit solid dose injectable (USDI) vaccines offers safe, rapi...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in infants and it also induces significant disease in the elderly. The clinical course may be severe, especially in high-risk populations (infants and elderly),...

Strong community engagement has been critical to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Australia and elsewhere. Community engagement builds trust, enables tailored information dissemination and shapes social norms. Engagement is particularly important i...

Vaccination remains a cornerstone of livestock disease control, yet its effectiveness under field conditions is often compromised by concurrent infections, particularly parasitic helminths. This review explores how infections shape vaccine-induced im...

The aim of this paper was to investigate the level of influence of online media on the parents’ attitudes toward vaccination of children in three countries of the Western Balkans—Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to...

Despite the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine-induced responses decline over time; thus, booster vaccines have been approved globally. In addition, interest in natural compounds capable of improving host immunity has increased. T...

The H9N2 virus has severely harmed the livestock and bird farming industry. Currently, it is mainly prevented through vaccination immunization. However, conventional vaccines often fail to induce durable immune responses and long-lasting immunoprotec...

In recent weeks, adverse reactions have been reported after administration of Oxford–AstraZeneca chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222), in particular thrombus formation, which has led several European Countries to discontin...

All pigs in the Republic of Korea are given the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine intramuscularly (IM) as part of the country’s vaccination policy. However, the IM administration of the FMDV vaccine to pig results in residual vaccine...

One of the major toxins secreted by H. pylori is the Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) named after its ability to induce the formation of “vacuole”-like membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of gastric cells. VacA has been associated with the disruption of...

Marek’s disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. Since 1970, MD has been controlled through widespread vaccination of commercial flocks. However,...

The development and optimization of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations through hydrodynamic mixing is critical for ensuring the efficient and cost-effective supply of vaccines. Continuous LNP formation through microfluidic mixing can overcome manu...

To characterize the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) vaccine in HIV-positive hemophilic patients during the third COVID-19 wave in Italy and to investigate biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial perturbation before and aft...

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, underscoring the urgent need for effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis. The dense granule protein 5 (GRA5) of T. gondii plays...