Line-structured light three-dimensional (3D) measurement is apt for measuring the 3D profile of objects in complex industrial environments. The light-plane calibration, which is a crucial link, greatly affects the accuracy of measurement results. Thi...
Rapid identification and localization of dry bulk cargo hoppers are currently core issues in the automation control of gantry cranes at dry bulk terminals. The current conventional method relies on LiDAR systems for the identification and positioning...
Industrial computed tomography (CT) is widely used in the measurement field owing to its advantages such as non-contact and high precision. To obtain accurate size parameters, fitting parameters can be obtained rapidly by processing volume data in th...
Single circular targets are widely used as calibration objects during line-structured light three-dimensional (3D) measurements because they are versatile and easy to manufacture. This paper proposes a new calibration method for line-structured light...
This article considers tracking a constant-velocity underwater target, which emits sound with distinct frequency lines. By analyzing the target’s azimuth, elevation and multiple frequency lines, the ownship can estimate the target’s posit...
Battlefield surveillance radar is usually 2-D radar, which cannot realize target three-dimensional localization, leading to poor resolution for the air target in the elevation dimension. Previous researchers have used the Traditional Height Finder Ra...
In this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimal geometric configuration of an acoustic sensor network that will maximize the angle-related information available for underwater target positioning. In the set-up adopted, a set of auton...
Hough Transform (HT), which has a low sensitivity to local faults and good ability in suppressing noise and clutters, usually applies to trajectory detection in a cluttered environment. This paper describes its application for detecting the trajector...
This paper deals with an improved methodology to measure three-dimensional dynamic displacements of a structure by digital close-range photogrammetry. A series of stereo images of a vibrating structure installed with targets are taken at specified in...
Accurate three-dimensional displacement measurements of bridges and other structures have received significant attention in recent years. The main challenges of such measurements include the cost and the need for a scalable array of instrumentation....
Transmission muography is an imaging technique that allows us to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional average-target density images by measuring the transmission of atmospheric muons. Through this technique, it is possible to observe density...
Traditional two-dimensional radar images can only reflect the target azimuth and slant range and thus suffer problems of geometric deformation and overlapping. The unique three-dimensional (3D) imaging capability of ground-based real-aperture radar c...
Laminated rubber bearings are widely used for the mitigation of seismic damage of large-scale structures and equipment. However, owing to the flexibility in horizontal direction, the traditional contacted transducer is difficult to acquire the displa...
Three-dimensional compound measurement within a volume of interest is of great importance in industrial manufacturing and the biomedical field. However, there is no current method that can simultaneously perform spatial localization and 3D measuremen...
This paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the...
Radiative double-electron capture, which can be considered the inverse of double photoionization, has been investigated for 2.11 MeV/u F9+ and F8+ projectiles colliding with the two-dimensional target single-layer graphene. Preliminary results for th...
This paper presents an effective three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction technique aimed at profiling composite surfaces with both specular and diffuse reflectance. Three-dimensional measurements based on fringe projection techniques perform we...
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) is a well-established remote sensing technique capable of providing accurate topographic information of an area. Multiple scattering occurring at different heights within a single resolution cell,...
Evading collisions in three-dimensional underwater environments is critical in exploration of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). In underwater environments, AUV measures an obstacle surface by utilizing a three-dimensional active sonar. This art...
Single-pixel imaging enables two-dimensional image capture through a single-pixel detector, yet extending this to three-dimensional or higher-dimensional information capture in single-pixel optical imaging systems has remained a challenging problem....
Addressing the challenge of radar detection of small targets under sea clutter, target detection methods based on a three-dimensional feature space have shown effectiveness. However, their application has revealed several problems, including high dep...
Underwater wireless acoustic positioning technology uses the geometric relationship between a target and a receiving array to determine the target’s position by measuring distances between the target and the array elements, that the receiving a...
This paper investigates the Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensor for multi-target displacement measurement in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The principle of three-dimensional (3-D) displacement measurement of civil infrastru...
Ghost imaging via sparsity constraint (GISC)—which is developing into a new staring imaging lidar—can obtain both the range information and spatial distribution of a remote target with the use of the measurements below the Nyquist limit. In this work...
The diameter of the sunflower flower head and the thickness of its margins are important crop phenotypic parameters. Traditional, single-dimensional two-dimensional imaging methods often struggle to balance precision with computational efficiency. Th...
This paper proposes a calibration method for a self-rotating, linear-structured-light (LSL) scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction system based on plane constraints. The point cloud of plane target collected by the self-rotating, LSL scanning, 3D...
We developed a temporally coded exposure (TeCE) camera that can cope with high-speed focus variations of a tunable acoustic gradient index (TAG) lens. The TeCE camera can execute a very short exposure multiple times at an arbitrary timing during one...
Dense urban areas restrict air movement, causing airflow in urban street canyons to be much lower than the flow above buildings. Boosting near-ground wind speed can enhance thermal comfort in warm climates by increasing skin convective heat transfer....
Target three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution imaging via multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar may suffer from a heavy sampling burden and complicated radio frequency interferences. Considering a collocated two-dimensional wideband MIMO radar...
Technological development has strongly impacted all processes related to the design, construction, and management of real estate assets. In fact, the introduction of the BIM approach has required the application of three-dimensional survey technologi...
Terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning, which plays a crucial role in engineering surveying for assessing the surface smoothness of highway embankments by providing a level of precision and continuous three-dimensional information that conventi...
Continuous roll forming (CRF) is a new method for the rapid forming of three-dimensional (3D) surfaces developed in recent years, and the significant advantage of CRF compared with traditional die forming is that the longitudinal dimension of the she...
This paper focuses on moving-target detection and tracking in a three-dimensional (3D) space, and proposes a visual target tracking system only using a two-dimensional (2D) camera. To quickly detect moving targets, an improved optical flow method wit...
The presented movable vision measurement for the three-dimensional (3D) surface of a large-sized object has the advantages of system simplicity, low cost, and high accuracy. Aiming at addressing the problems of existing movable vision measurement met...
In traditional localization methods for synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the range sum estimation and Doppler centroid estimation (DCE) are required. The DCE error can influence the localization accuracy greatly. In addition, the target height informa...
Regular inspections during construction work ensure that the completed work aligns with the plans and specifications and that it is within the planned time and budget. This requires frequent physical site observations to independently measure and ver...
To address the issues of low measurement accuracy and unstable results when using binocular cameras to detect objects with sparse surface textures, weak surface textures, occluded surfaces, low-contrast surfaces, and surfaces with intense lighting va...
Modern electronic devices such as smartphones, wearable devices, and robots typically integrate three-dimensional sensors to track the device’s movement in the 3D space. However, sensor measurements in three-dimensional vectors are highly sensi...
The turbine blade is a key component in an aeroengine. Currently, measuring the turbine blade radiation temperature always requires obtaining the emissivity of the target surface in advance. However, changes in the emissivity and the reflected ambien...
In order to improve the accuracy of bearing-only localization in three dimensional (3D) space, this paper proposes a novel bias compensation method and a new single-sensor maneuvering trajectory algorithm, respectively. Compared with traditional meth...
There is no unequivocal scientific consensus for the temporary anchorage device (TAD) positioning in the infrazygomatic crest area (IZC). The two principal aims of this systematic review were to assess bone availability in the IZC and to establish bo...
The problem that two cooperative missiles intercept a maneuvering target while imposing a desired relative geometry is investigated in the paper. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) estimation model for cooperative target tracking is proposed and the o...
For radar systems with low update rates; such as track-while-scan (TWS) systems using rotating phased array antennas; reducing the prediction error is a very important issue. A good interacting multiple models (IMM) hybrid filter combined with circul...
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive resource for shoulder proprioception assessment and its integration into clinical decision making as well as targeted rehabilitation protocols. Data for this review were acquired from peer-revi...
A three-dimensional bay-annulated-indigo (BAI) tetramer has been prepared by appending BAI units onto a low-cost spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) core. The target compound 4BAI-SFX exhibits strong and broad absorption in the visible region c...
In in vivo 1H-MRSI of the prostate, small matrix sizes can cause voxel bleeding extending to regions far from a voxel, dispersing a signal of interest outside that voxel and mixing extra-prostatic residual lipid signals into the prostate. To resolve...
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of space targets can provide crucial information about the target shape and size, which are significant supports for the application of automatic target classification and recognition. In this paper, a new 3D imaging of...
Fringe projection is an important technology in three-dimensional measurement and target recognition. The measurement accuracy depends heavily on the calibration of the absolute phase and projector pixels. An easy-to-implement calibration method base...
Geiger-mode single-photon LiDAR is an important tool for long-distance three-dimensional remote sensing. A planar-array-based photon counting LiDAR that uses 32-by-32 fiber arrays coupled to an optical lens as a transceiver unit was developed. Using...
Aiming at the problem of difficult data collection and modeling in high-rise ancient buildings with narrow interiors, a method is proposed in this paper for modeling and supporting digital restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogra...
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