The Atacama desert stands as the most arid, non-polar, region on Earth and has accommodated a considerable portion of the world’s ground-based astronomical observatories for an extended period. The comprehension of factors important for observa...
Modern sensing technologies used in the field of ground-based telescopes still present several challenges. First of all, these challenges are associated with the development of new-generation instruments for astronomical observations and with the inf...
Wind disturbance is one of the key factors affecting the high-precision pointing of large-aperture radio telescopes. Therefore, it is indispensable to monitor the wind environment of the site. This enables the acquisition of wind environment data, fa...
Infrasound and seismic waves are supposed to be the main contributors to the gravity-gradient noise (Newtonian noise) of the third-generation subterranean gravitational wave detectors. This noise will limit the sensitivity of the instrument at freque...
Sunlight reflected off of resident space objects can be used as an optical signal for astrometric orbit determination and for deducing geometric information about the object. With the increasing population of small satellites and debris in low Earth...
In order to enhance the imaging capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and capture the first black hole movies, the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) team is building new stations. Most stations of the EHT and ngEHT project are located in the We...
This paper presents the technical design of the pathfinder Barcelona Raman LIDAR (pBRL) for the northern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO-N) located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM). The pBRL is developed for con...
Radio astronomical observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths are a very important tool for astrophysical research. However, there is a huge area in northeastern Eurasia, including the whole Russian territory, which lacks sufficiently l...
We present the conceptual framework of the Astronomical Hub (AstroHub), a unified platform combining various optical instruments at a single observatory. Its major approach lies in arranging conditions for research groups to install telescopes and eq...
The Barcelona Raman LIDAR (BRL) will provide continuous monitoring of the aerosol extinction profile along the line of sight of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). It will be located at its Northern site (CTAO-N) on the Observatorio del...
Strapdown gravity systems are increasingly employed in airborne geophysical exploration and geodetic studies due to advantages such as ease of installation, wide dynamic range, and adaptability to various platforms, including airplanes, helicopters,...
With new artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and application scenarios constantly emerging, AI technology has become widely used in astronomy and has promoted notable progress in related fields. A large number of papers have reviewed the applic...
Radio astronomy uses radio telescopes to detect very faint emissions from celestial objects. However, human-made radio frequency interference (RFI) is currently a common problem faced by most terrestrial radio telescopes, and it is getting worse with...
The Lenghu site has emerged as a prominent candidate for future large telescopes, making a detailed understanding of its meteorological environment essential as it directly determines telescope performance, observational efficiency, and data quality....
The Einstein Telescope is Europe’s next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastric...
This article presents the results of evaluating the possibility of conducting radio astronomy studies in the windows of atmospheric transparency ~100, ~230, and ~350 GHz using the optical Big Telescope Alt-Azimuthal (BTA) of the Special Astrophysical...
This paper presents the state-of-the-art techniques employed in aerothermal modeling to respond to the current observatory design challenges, particularly those of the next generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs), such as the European ELT, th...
The proposed next generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) concept envisions the imaging of various astronomical sources on scales of microarcseconds in unprecedented detail with at least two orders of magnitude improvement in the image dynamic ran...
Cloud-induced atmospheric extinction and occlusion significantly affect the effectiveness and quality of telescope observations. Real-time cloud-cover distribution and long-term statistical data are essential for astronomical siting and telescope ope...
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)—will form a networked global array of radio di...
The development of a network of ground-based telescopes requires detailed astroclimatic studies. This paper presents the spatial distributions of precipitable water vapor (PWV), total cloud cover (TCC) and cloud base height (CBH). With the aim of a r...
Atmospheric optical turbulence intensity, quantified by the Fried parameter (r0), serves as a critical metric for astronomical site testing and selection. The Solar Differential Image Motion Monitor (SDIMM), adapted from the methodology of the Differ...
Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) presents significant surgical challenges due to bone fragility, narrow medullary canals, and complex deformities. While telescoping rods like the Fassier–Duval (FD) system are commonly used in growing...
Measuring the intensity and distribution of atmospheric optical turbulence at large-aperture astronomical telescope sites is crucial to optimizing turbulence correction for different layers. A real-time measurement of turbulence distribution in large...
We report on recent technical developments in the front- and back-ends for the four 20 m radio telescopes of the Japanese Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) project, VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). We present a brief overview of a...
The binary neutron star merger observed and localized on 17 August 2017 by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational interferometers and by numerous telescopes on the ground and in orbit linked in an unambiguous way the coalescence of double neutron stars wit...
Viewing high-redshift sources at near-opposite directions on the sky can ensure, using light-travel-time arguments, acausality between their emitted photons. One utility would be true random-number generation through sensing these via two independent...
Results of a four-month campaign of astronomical seeing measurements at Maidanak astronomical observatory (MAO) are presented. A differential image motion monitor (DIMM) was used for seeing estimations during the period from August to November 2018....
Low-frequency aperture arrays represent sensitive instruments to detect signals from radio astronomic sources situated in the universe. In Italy, the Sardinia Aperture Array Demonstrator (SAAD) consists of an ongoing project of the Italian National I...
Background/Objectives: Managing long bone fractures and deformities in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with telescoping rods is a common but challenging procedure. A rare complication is the distal migration of the rod’s proximal female component,...
Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) having relativistic jets aligned within a few degrees of our line-of-sight and form the majority of the AGN detected in the TeV regime. The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair-conversion t...
Observations in the millimetre bands of maser-emitting planetary nebulae (PNe) are crucial to study their circumstellar molecular gas at the beginning of the PN phase. Maser-emitting PNe are in the earliest phases of PN formation; therefore, these so...
The advancement of neutrino observatories has sparked a surge in multi-messenger astronomy. Multiple neutrino associations among blazars are reported while neutrino production sites are located within their central (sub)parsecs. Yet, many questions r...
This paper describes the use of the Murchison Widefield Array, a low-frequency radio telescope at a radio-quiet Western Australian site, as a radar receiver forming part of a continent-spanning multistatic radar network for the surveillance of space....
A geodetic reference frame is a fundamental element in geoinformation fields such as autonomous navigation and digital twins. The international terrestrial reference frame is established and maintained using several space-geodetic techniques, includi...
Polar ring galaxies (PRGs) are unusual relative to common galaxies in that they consist of a central host galaxy—usually a gas-poor, early-type S0 or elliptical galaxy—surrounded by a ring of gas, dust and stars that orbit perpendicular t...
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is one of China’s major pieces of national infrastructure. A variable cable-net structure is used as the main supporting structure of the active reflector. The displacement of the...
In order to accurately simulate the position of the saddle in the analysis and calculation of a suspension bridge, and then obtain the accurate shape of the datum strand in the construction site, this paper puts forward a calculation method on the po...
In this paper, we used meteorological data to simulate vertical profiles of optical turbulence at the Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) (Russia, 43°40′19″ N 41°26′23″ E, 2100 m a.s.l.), site of the 6 m Big Telesc...
To extend the near-seabed survey operation duration of deep-sea Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), this paper proposes a deep-sea bottom-landing and dwelling technical scheme integrating the drive of a variable buoyancy adjustment mechanism with...
After two phases of on-site construction and testing (2010–2013 and 2013–2017), the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT) can work well, with efficiencies better than 50% from 1.3 to 50.0 GHz, mainly benefiting from its low-noise cryogen...
The third-generation instrument era is approaching, and the Einstein Telescope (ET) giant interferometer is becoming a reality, with the potential to be installed at an underground site where seismic noise is about 100 times lower than at the surface...
The accuracy of cosmic ray observations by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array (LHAASO-WFCTA) is influenced by variations in aerosols in the atmosphere. The solar photometer (CE318-...
We propose the tracing of the motion of a shearing hot spot near the Sgr A* source through a dynamical image reconstruction algorithm, StarWarps. Such a hot spot may form as the exhaust of magnetic reconnection in a current sheet near the black hole...
Outflows or disk-coronas generated in tidal disruption events (TDEs) of supermassive black holes have been suggested as possible sites of high-energy neutrinos. Three TDEs (AT2019dsg, AT2019fdr and AT2019aalc) have been claimed to be associated with...
Our understanding of extra-solar planet systems is highly driven by advances in observations in the past decade. Thanks to high precision spectrographs, we are able to reveal unseen companions to stars with the radial velocity method. High precision...
This work describes a study using multi-view hyperspectral imagery to retrieve sediment filling factor through inversion of a modified version of the Hapke radiative transfer model. We collected multi-view hyperspectral imagery from a hyperspectral i...
Over the past decade, our knowledge of the γ -ray sky has been revolutionized by ground- and space-based observatories by detecting photons up to several hundreds of tera-electron volt (TeV) energies. A major population of the γ -ray bright...
Atmospheric image blur, “seeing”, is one of the key parameters that influences the selection of observatory sites and the performance of ground-based telescopes. In this review, the common definition of seeing based on the Kolmogorov turb...
The challenges of improving efficiency and safety is a daunting task as workers are squeezed with an ever-dwindling resource pool and yet expected to deliver construction projects at optimum capacity. Improving efficiency and safety using telescopic...
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