The present use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has shown for the first time the potential of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about improved mRNA vaccines, i.e., the self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) v...
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and...
messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines combine the positive attributes of both live-attenuated and subunit vaccines. In order for these to be applied for clinical use, they require to be formulated with delivery systems. However, there are limited in vi...
Self-amplifying RNA-based (saRNA) technology represents the last frontier in using synthetic RNA in vaccinology. Typically, saRNA consists of positive-strand RNA molecules of viral origin (almost exclusively from alphaviruses) where the sequences of...
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a promising platform for the production of vaccines, anti-tumor therapeutics, and gene therapy solutions. One of the advantages of the saRNA platform is the ability to use small doses of the therapeutic while maintainin...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) holds promising application prospects. However, due to the inclusion of a replicase sequence, its extended length leads to premature termination during in vitro transcription (IVT), resulting in poor product i...
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis that causes high fetal and neonatal mortality rates in ruminants and sometimes severe to fatal complications like encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever in humans. There is no licensed RVF vaccin...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of protection against COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titers and cellular responses. Methods: In this study, we used the immunogenicity dat...
Single-stranded RNA viruses such as alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses and rhabdoviruses are characterized by their capacity of highly efficient self-amplification of RNA in host cells, which make them attractive vehicles for vaccine develop...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for innovative vaccine platforms that elicit durable immunity. Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines offer rapid production and dose-sparing advantages over traditional mRNA platforms. In Uganda&r...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has already been successfully tested preclinically and there are ongoing clinical trials for protein replacement purposes; however, more effort has been put into the development of prevention strategies against infecti...
mRNA was discovered in 1961, but it was not used as a vaccine until after three decades. Recently, the development of mRNA vaccine technology gained great impetus from the pursuit of vaccines against COVID-19. To improve the properties of RNA vaccine...
Self-amplifying RNA is synthetic nucleic acid engineered to replicate within cells without generating viral particles. Derived from alphavirus genomes, saRNA retains the non-structural elements essential for replication while replacing the structural...
This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and manufacturing (both saRNA and lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on the major i...
Replicating RNA, including self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA), holds great potential for advancing the next generation of RNA-based vaccines. Unlike in vitro transcribed mRNA found in most current RNA vaccines, saRNA or taRN...
Although conventional vaccine approaches have proven to be successful in preventing infectious diseases in past decades, for vaccine development against emerging/re-emerging viruses, one of the main challenges is rapid response in terms of design and...
Self-replicating single-stranded RNA viruses such as alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses, and rhabdoviruses provide efficient delivery and high-level expression of therapeutic genes due to their high capacity of RNA replication. This has cont...
Nucleic acid-based therapies have the potential to address numerous diseases that pose significant challenges to more traditional methods. RNA-based therapies have emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanoformulation treatments to target a range...
The Semliki Forest virus capsid protein (C) is an RNA binding protein which exhibits both specific and unspecific affinities to single-strand nucleic acids. The putative use of the self-amplifying RNAs (saRNAs) of alphaviruses for biotechnological pu...
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought mRNA vaccines to the forefront due to their widespread use. In this study, we explored the potential advantages of the self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccine over conventional mRNA vaccines. Methods: Initia...
Africa bears the highest burden of infectious diseases, yet the continent is heavily reliant on First World countries for the development and supply of life-saving vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic was a stark reminder of Africa’s vaccine dependence an...
Recent approval of mRNA vaccines to combat COVID-19 have highlighted the potential of this platform. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) is the delivery vehicle of choice for mRNA as they prevent its enzymatic degradation by encapsulation. We have recently sho...
Nucleic acid-based vaccines such as viral vectors, plasmid DNA (pDNA), and mRNA are being developed as a means to address limitations of both live-attenuated and subunit vaccines. DNA vaccines have been shown to be potent in a wide variety of animal...
Dendritic cells (DC) play essential roles determining efficacy of vaccine delivery with respect to immune defence development and regulation. This renders DCs important targets for vaccine delivery, particularly RNA vaccines. While delivery of interf...
mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have played a key role in reducing morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial t...
mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low-cost manufacturing. These va...
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive viral disease caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). It primarily affects young chickens, targeting the bursa of Fabricius, and poses significant economic threats to the poultry i...
The seasonal flu vaccine is, essentially, the only known way to prevent influenza epidemics. However, this approach has limited efficacy due to the high diversity of influenza viruses. Several techniques could potentially overcome this obstacle. A re...
Alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses and rhabdoviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which have been engineered for recombinant protein expression and vaccine development. Due to the presence of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activi...
The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised significant economic, social, and psychological concerns. The rapid spread of the virus, coupled with the absence of vaccines and antivi...
RNA vaccines, including conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, have ushered in a promising future and revolutionized vaccine development. The success of mRNA vaccines in...
Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has been fierce due to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic and has included all potential approaches for providing the global community with safe and efficient vaccine candidates in the shortest possible timeframe...
To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process perf...
In recent years, vaccine development using ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become the most promising and studied approach to produce safe and effective new vaccines, not only for prophylaxis but also as a treatment. The use of messenger RNA (mRNA) as an i...
Therapeutics based on RNA are commonly produced via biocatalytic approaches using RNA polymerases. The most frequently applied enzyme is the RNA polymerase of Enterobacteria phage T7. However, this enzyme has unfavorable properties, like the formatio...
RNA-based cancer vaccines have emerged as transformative immunotherapeutic platforms, leveraging advances in mRNA technology and personalized medicine approaches. Recent clinical breakthroughs, particularly the success of mRNA-4157 combined with pemb...
mRNA vaccines represent a revolutionary advance in vaccinology, boasting advantages like rapid development, robust immunogenicity and flexible antigen design over traditional vaccines. This review systematically summarizes the core research progress...
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines have re-emerged as a versatile and scalable platform by advances in synthetic biology and delivery systems, positioning them as powerful tools in the post-mRNA vaccine era. Historically considered less potent than...
Current mRNA vaccines are mainly administered via intramuscular injection, which induces good systemic immunity but limited mucosal immunity. Achieving mucosal immunity through mRNA vaccination could diminish pathogen replication at the entry site an...
The medical field now uses mRNA therapeutics to deliver fast programmable treatment options through versatile vaccination platforms. The worldwide adoption of mRNA therapeutics faces a major obstacle because these molecules require extreme cold stora...
mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) medicinal products can be considered a platform technology because the development process is similar for different diseases and conditions, with similar noncoding mRNA sequences and lipid nanoparticles and essentially u...
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor outcomes of the COVID-19 disease. However, a satisfactory mechanism explaining the vitamin D protective effects is missing. Based on the anti-inflammatory and anti...
Background: Nucleic acid-based vaccines have been studied for the past four decades, but the approval of the first messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic opened renewed perspectives for the development of similar vaccines against...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) represents a promising platform for vaccines and gene therapies, offering sustained protein expression at low doses through self-replication. For vaccines targeting respiratory pathogens, pulmonary delivery...
In this study, we developed a novel, multiplex qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of RIG-1, MDA5, and IFIT-1 at the mRNA level. The assay was validated in A549 cells transfected with in vitro transcribed RNAs. Both exogenous RNA-GFP and self-ampli...
Acute adverse reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are a major concern, as autopsy reports indicate that deaths most commonly occur on the same day of or one day following vaccination. These acute reactions may be due to cytokine storms triggered by l...
Oxidative stress has a dual role in breast cancer, promoting growth at moderate levels while causing cell death at higher levels, such as during therapeutic interventions that increase reactive oxygen species production. Oncogenic microRNAs miR-526b...
This study proposes a bidirectional chemical sensor platform using ambipolar double-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET) with microwave-assisted Ni-silicide Schottky-barrier (SB) source and drain (S/D) on a fully depleted silicon-on-in...
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer strongly associated with asbestos exposure, and accumulating evidence suggests that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Our in vitro and in vivo experim...
The emergence of complex and rapidly evolving pathogens necessitates innovative vaccine platforms that move beyond traditional methods. This review explores the transformative potential of next-generation vaccine technologies, focusing on the combine...
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