The “Dual Ordination” (erbuseng jie 二部僧戒) is a Vinaya-based ordination procedure introduced to China from Śrī Laṅkā in the fifth century; in the late imperial period it came to be included...
When striving for the ordination methods best predicting independently measured site factors, the following questions arise: does the optimal choice depend on the kind of biological community analysed? Are there different ordination methods needed to...
Drawing from interviews with tsunmas (Tib. btsun ma, nun) living and practicing in Geluk, Kagyu, and Sakya institutions in Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, and Uttarakhand, India, between March 2017 and February 2019, this case study foregrounds tsun...
Ordination can be said to be the core of Buddhism and maintaining this tradition is the key to maintaining Buddhism. This was the realization of the monastics in early 19th century Korea such as Paekp’a (1767–1852), Taeŭn (1780–1841), and Manha (d.u....
Rapid urbanization has significantly impacted the structure of ecosystem services, accelerating the pressure on natural resources and ecological space. The clarification of the interdependent relationship between new-type urbanization (NTU) and ecosy...
Ordination methods are used in ecological multivariate statistics in order to reduce the number of dimensions and arrange individual variables along environmental variables. Geoheritage designation is a new challenge for conservation planning. Quanti...
Ordinal regression combines classification and regression techniques, constrained by the intrinsic order among categories. It has wide-ranging applications in real-world scenarios, such as product quality grading, medical diagnoses, and facial age re...
In this paper we illustrate the potential of ordinal-patterns-based methods for analysis of real-world data and, especially, of electroencephalogram (EEG) data. We apply already known (empirical permutation entropy, ordinal pattern distributions) and...
The so-called “counterfeit monks and nuns” 僧尼偽濫 is regarded as an important reason for the “Huichang Persecution of Buddhism” 會昌滅佛, but it reflects the central views of t...
Ordinal classification (OC) is a sub-discipline of multi-class classification (i.e., including at least three classes), in which the classes constitute an ordinal structure. Applications of ordinal classification can be found, for instance, in the me...
The joint analysis of various ordinal variables is necessary in many experimental studies within research fields such as sociology and psychology. Therefore, the necessary measures of multiple ordinal dependence must be easy to interpret and facilita...
Ordinal measures provide a valuable collection of tools for analyzing correlated data series. However, using these methods to understand information interchange in the networks of dynamical systems, and uncover the interplay between dynamics and stru...
Ordinal patterns have proven to be a valuable tool in many fields. Here, we address the need for theoretical models. A paradigmatic example shows that a model for frequencies of ordinal patterns can be determined without any numerical values. We spec...
Time-delayed interactions naturally appear in a multitude of real-world systems due to the finite propagation speed of physical quantities. Often, the time scales of the interactions are unknown to an external observer and need to be inferred from ti...
This paper focuses on ordination procedures specific to women in Chinese Buddhism, and on the positions adopted by bhikṣuṇīs regarding the procedures’ asymmetrical nature in contemporary China. Dual ordinations, according to wh...
Ordinal patterns classifying real vectors according to the order relations between their components are an interesting basic concept for determining the complexity of a measure-preserving dynamical system. In particular, as shown by C. Bandt, G. Kell...
This study implements the permutation Jensen–Shannon distance as a metric for discerning ordinal patterns and similarities across multiple temporal scales in time series data. Initially, we present a numerically controlled analysis to validate...
The optimal stacking of import containers in a terminal reduces the reshuffles during the unloading operations. Knowing the departure date of each container is critical for optimal stacking. However, such a date is rarely known because it depends on...
Vegetation regulations or ordinances are the local laws that govern the policies surrounding urban trees and landscape management. The complexity of urban areas, within the mosaic of private and public vegetation, necessitates regulation to manage th...
Ordinal pattern dependence is a multivariate dependence measure based on the co-movement of two time series. In strong connection to ordinal time series analysis, the ordinal information is taken into account to derive robust results on the dependenc...
The pairwise comparison (PC) matrix is often used to manifest human judgments, and it has been successfully applied in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). As a PC matrix is formed by making paired reciprocal comparisons, symmetry is a striking char...
Ordinal embedding is the task of computing a meaningful multidimensional representation of objects, for which only qualitative constraints on their distance functions are known. In particular, we consider comparisons of the form “Which object from th...
Ordinal regression methods are widely used to predict the ordered labels of data, among which support vector ordinal regression (SVOR) methods are popular because of their good generalization. In many realistic circumstances, data are collected by a...
The association between two ordinal variables can be expressed with a polychoric correlation coefficient. This coefficient is conventionally based on the assumption that responses to ordinal variables are generated by two underlying continuous latent...
Preserving riparian vegetation is important for maintaining water quality and riparian functions. Streamside protection ordinances have been widely established in many rapidly urbanizing areas, however, there has been a lack of assessment of the effe...
In response to uncertainty in remotely sensed land cover products, there is continuing research on accuracy assessment and analysis. Given reference sample data, accuracy indicators are commonly estimated based on error matrices, from which areal ext...
The study of nonlinear and possibly chaotic time-dependent systems involves long-term data acquisition or high sample rates. The resulting big data is valuable in order to provide useful insights into long-term dynamics. However, efficient and robust...
Ordinal multi-instance learning (OMIL) deals with the weak supervision scenario wherein instances in each training bag are not only multi-class but also have rank order relationships between classes, such as breast cancer, which has become one of the...
We propose using the ordinal pattern transition (OPT) entropy measured at sentinel central nodes as a potential predictor of explosive transitions to synchronization in networks of various dynamical systems with increasing complexity. Our results dem...
Reactive volt-ampere sources planning is an effort to determine the most effective investment plan for new reactive sources at given load buses while ensuring appropriate voltage profile and satisfying operational constraints. Optimization of reactiv...
Background/Objectives: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) lacks longitudinal visual data, which limits both disease progression modeling and the effectiveness of computer-aided diagnosis systems. These systems are further constrained by sparse intermediate dise...
Oil spills can have a serious negative effect on seabirds. Numerous studies have been carried out for relative vulnerability assessment of seabirds to oil, with the majority of such works based on ordinal quantities. This study aims to assess (from t...
This paper is devoted to change-point detection using only the ordinal structure of a time series. A statistic based on the conditional entropy of ordinal patterns characterizing the local up and down in a time series is introduced and investigated....
In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy Window with the Gaussian Processed Label (FW-GPL) method to mitigate the overlap problem in the neighboring ordinal category when scoring images. Many published conventional methods treat this challenge as a traditio...
Background: Data with ordinal categories occur in many diverse areas, but methodologies for modeling ordinal data lag severely behind equivalent methodologies for continuous data. There are advantages to using a model specifically developed for ordin...
Ordinal patterns are the common basis of various techniques used in the study of dynamical systems and nonlinear time series analysis. The present article focusses on the computational problem of turning time series into sequences of ordinal patterns...
Background: BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) mammogram classification is central to early breast cancer detection. Despite being an ordinal scale that reflects increasing levels of malignancy suspicion, most models treat BI-RADS as...
Factor analysis, a staple of correlational psychology, faces challenges with ordinal variables like Likert scales. The validity of traditional methods, particularly maximum likelihood (ML), is debated. Newer approaches, like using polychoric correlat...
Ordinal classification tasks are present in a large number of different domains. However, common losses for deep neural networks, such as cross-entropy, do not properly weight the relative ordering between classes. For that reason, many losses have b...
In the present paper, we aim to prove a new lemma and quantum Simpson’s type inequalities for functions of two variables having convexity on co-ordinates over [ α , β ] × [ ψ , ϕ ] . Moreover, our deduction introduce...
Confirmatory factor analysis is some of the most widely used statistical techniques in the social sciences. Frequently, variables (i.e., items) stemming from questionnaires are analyzed. Two competing approaches for estimating confirmatory factor ana...
In this paper, we focus on weighting methods within multi-attribute utility/value theory (MAUT/MAVT). In these methods, the decision maker (DM) provides ordinal information about the relative importance of criteria, but also additional information co...
In this paper, we establish some new versions of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for co-ordinated convex functions via q1,q2-integrals. Since the inequalities are newly proved, we therefore consider some examples of co-ordinated convex funct...
The construction of complex networks from electroencephalography (EEG) proves to be an effective method for representing emotion patterns in affection computing as it offers rich spatiotemporal EEG features associated with brain emotions. In this pap...
Background/Objectives: Some classification problems involve ordered categories (e.g., low–medium–high), which are better modeled as ordinal regression. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a dual loss framework—Ordinal Residual...
In this research, we develop ordinal decision-tree-based ensemble approaches in which an objective-based information gain measure is used to select the classifying attributes. We demonstrate the applicability of the approaches using AdaBoost and rand...
3 November 2021
In many related works, nominal classification algorithms ignore the order between injury severity levels and make sub-optimal predictions. Existing ordinal classification methods suffer rank inconsistency and rank non-monotonicity. The aim of this pa...
In surveys requiring cost efficiency, such as medical research, measuring the variable of interest (e.g., disease status) is expensive and/or time-consuming; however, we often have access to easily obtainable characteristics about sampling units. The...
This paper discusses the innovativeness of the Inheritance Ordinance introduced in Toledo during the 12th century and later reintroduced in Fez in Morocco following the expulsion of Jewish communities from Spain and Portugal. Community leaders in Tol...
The family of cumulative paired ϕ-entropies offers a wide variety of ordinal dispersion measures, covering many well-known dispersion measures as a special case. After a comprehensive analysis of this family of entropies, we consider the corresp...
of 43