455 Results Found

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is characterized by high aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance, partly driven by mitotic dysregulation. Key mitotic regulators, including kinases such as PLK1, AURKA,...

Deubiquitinating enzymes play key roles in the precise modulation of Aurora B—an essential cell cycle regulator. The expression of Aurora B increases before the onset of mitosis and decreases during mitotic exit; an imbalance in these levels has a se...

MAD2L2 is a small HORMA domain protein that plays a crucial role in DNA repair and mitosis. In both TLS and shieldin, the dimerization of MAD2L2 via its HORMA domain is critical for the stability and function of these complexes. However, in mitosis,...

WEE1 kinase is a crucial cell cycle regulatory protein that controls the timing of mitotic entry. WEE1, via inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2), governs the G2-M checkpoint by inhibiting entry into mito...

Chromosome segregration and cell division requires the regulated assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus. This mitotic spindle is composed of condensed chromosomes attached to a dynamic array of microtubules. The microtubule array is nucleated by...

Background: Genomic integrity is crucial to the cellular life cycle, which involves a tightly regulated process where cells progress through specific phases to ensure that fully replicated, undamaged DNA is inherited by daughter cells. Any dysfunctio...

In order to preserve genome integrity and their ploidy, cells must ensure that the duplicated genome has been faithfully replicated and evenly distributed before they complete their division by mitosis. To this end, cells have developed highly elabor...

Timely mitosis is critically important for early embryo development. It is regulated by the activity of the conserved protein kinase CDK1. The dynamics of CDK1 activation must be precisely controlled to assure physiologic and timely entry into mitosi...

Reversible phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating proteasome function in various physiological processes. Essentially all proteasome phosphorylations characterized thus far occur on proteasome holoenzyme or subcomplexes...

CtBP-interacting protein (CtIP) plays a critical role in controlling the homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair pathway through DNA end resection, and recent studies suggest that it also plays a role in mitosis. Howe...

Tubulin is an integral part of the cytoskeleton and plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling, maintenance, and division. β-tubulin is also the molecular target for taxane compounds such as docetaxel (DTX) and cabazitaxel (CTX), both first-line...

KCNK10, a member of tandem pore domain potassium channel family, gives rise to leak K⁺ currents. It plays important roles in stabilizing the negative resting membrane potential and in counterbalancing depolarization. We previously demonstrated that...

The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for cell motility and migration by regulating multiple cellular activities such as transport and endocytosis of key components of focal adhesions (FA). The kinesin-13 family is important in the regulation...

Our understanding of cell death used to consist in necrosis, an unregulated form, and apoptosis, regulated cell death. That understanding expanded to acknowledge that apoptosis happens through the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways. Actually, many other...

In recent years, the thienopyrazole moiety has emerged as a pharmacologically active scaffold with antitumoral and kinase inhibitory activity. In this study, high-throughput screening of 2000 small molecules obtained from the ChemBridge DIVERset libr...

Introduction: Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid malignant tumors in children. The 5-year survival rate of high-risk or refractory NB is less than 50%. Therefore, developing new effective therapeutics for NB remains an ur...

Mitochondria, which generate ATP through aerobic respiration, also have important noncanonical functions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, that engage in fission (division), fusion (joining) and translocation. They also regulate intracellular cal...

Mitosis is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly regulated by a large number of mitotic proteins. Dysregulation of these proteins can generate daughter cells that exhibit genomic instability and aneuploidy, and such cells can transform into t...

The cochaperone BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), in complex with the heat shock protein HSPB8, facilitates mitotic rounding, spindle orientation, and proper abscission of daughter cells. BAG3 and HSPB8 mitotic functions implicate the sequestosome...

Regulators of mitotic division, when dysfunctional or expressed in a deregulated manner (over- or underexpressed) in somatic cells, cause chromosome instability, which is a predisposing condition to cancer that is associated with unrestricted prolife...

Serine-arginine-rich (SR) or SR-like splicing factors interact with exon junction complex proteins during pre-mRNA processing to promote mRNA packaging into mature messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) and to dictate mRNA stability, nuclear export, an...

The overactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is implicated in various cancers. Endocytosis plays an important role in EGFR-mediated cell signaling. We previously found that EGFR endocytosis during mitosis is mediated differentl...

Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NuSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator, implicated in control of mitotic microtubule stability and chromosome segregation. NuSAP1 regulates these processes by interacting with several protein partners. I...

Protein phosphorylation is a common mechanism for the regulation of cell cycle progression. The opposing functions of cell cycle kinases and phosphatases are crucial for accurate chromosome segregation and exit from mitosis. Protein phosphatases 2A a...

The segregation of the chromosomes during mitosis is an important process, in which the replicated DNA content is properly allocated into two daughter cells. To ensure their genomic integrity, cells present an essential surveillance mechanism known...

Neurons, regarded as post-mitotic cells, are characterized by their extensive dendritic and axonal arborization. This unique architecture imposes challenges to how to supply materials required at distal neuronal components. Kinesins are molecular mot...

Mitosis entails mechanistic changes required for maintaining the genomic integrity in all dividing cells. The process is intricate and temporally and spatially regulated by the ordered series of activation and de-activation of protein kinases. The mi...

The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) of budding yeast delays mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles to ensure cell survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex Bfa1–Bub2, a key SPOC c...

The recent discovery demonstrating that the leakage of cathepsin B from mitotic lysosomes assists mitotic chromosome segregation indicates that lysosomal membrane integrity can be spatiotemporally regulated. Unlike many other organelles, structural a...

CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor and MAPK signalling effector that is inactivated by loss-of-function mutations in several cancer types, consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor. Here, we used bioinformatic, genomic, and proteomic approac...

The fidelity of actin dynamics relies on protein quality control, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. During mitosis, the cochaperone BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) modulates cell rounding, cortex stability, spindle orien...

Studying the cell cycle is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell division, growth, and differentiation in living organisms. However, mitosis constitutes only a brief phase of the overall cell cycle, making its analys...

Accurate chromosome segregation requires the perfect spatiotemporal rearrangement of the cellular cytoskeleton. Isolated more than two decades ago from Drosophila, Aurora A is a widespread protein kinase that plays key roles during cell division. Num...

Mounting experimental evidence shows that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) serve a wide variety of biological functions. Recent studies suggest that a part of ncRNAs are critically important for supporting the structure of subcellular architectures. Here, we...

During mitosis, protein kinases coordinate cellular reorganization and chromosome segregation to ensure accurate distribution of genetic information into daughter cells. Multiple protein kinases contribute to mitotic regulation, modulating molecular...

Spindle microtubules capture and segregate chromosomes and, therefore, their assembly is an essential event in mitosis. To carry out their mission, many key players for microtubule formation need to be strictly orchestrated. Particularly, proteins th...

Mammalian cytokinesis proceeds by constriction of an actomyosin ring and furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of the midbody bridge connecting two daughter cells. At the centre of the midbody resides the Flemming body, a dense proteinaceous...

Brg1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is one of two mutually exclusive ATPases that can act as the catalytic subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SfigureNF) chromatin remodeling enzymes that facilitate utilization of the DNA in eukaryotic cells. Brg1 is a phosp...

Here, we review the role of the circadian clock (CC) in the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic treatments in relation to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and telomere-length regulation. The CC drives the normal cell cycle, tissue differentiation,...

Time delays are intrinsic to mitotic regulation, particularly within the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the spindle position checkpoint (SPOC). These delays emerge from multi-step protein activation, molecular transport, force-dependent confor...

The stress-inducible and senescence-associated tumor suppressor SIRT4, a member of the family of mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5), regulates bioenergetics and metabolism via NAD⁺-dependent enzymatic activities. Next to the known mitoc...

Tubulin post-translational modifications regulate microtubule properties and functions. Mitotic spindle microtubules are highly modified. While tubulin detyrosination promotes proper mitotic progression by recruiting specific microtubule-associated p...

Mainstream approaches that are currently used as anti-aging therapies primarily explore the senescence and epigenetic drift aging hallmarks and they are at two ends of the spectrum. While senolytic therapies include either the selective elimination o...

Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates various cellular mechanisms in eukaryotes by altering the conformation, activity, localization, and stability of substrate proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems, histone post-translational modif...

Cadmium (Cd) contamination, through induction of oxidative stress, severely impairs plant growth. Using primary roots of Vicia faba, we investigated how a 24 h incubation in CdCl₂ solution (175 µM) affects mitotic progression in meristems and a...

The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) is a highly conserved machinery best known for its role in endosomal trafficking and membrane remodeling. Increasing evidence shows that ESCRT components are also key regulators during open...

The Brd4 protein is an epigenetic reader that is central to regulation of cellular transcription and mitotic bookmarking. The transcription and replication proteins of many viruses interact with Brd4. We describe the multiple roles of Brd4 in the pa...

Kv10.1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1, known as EAG1 or Ether-à-go-go 1), is a voltage-gated potassium channel, prevailingly expressed in the central nervous system. The aberrant expression of Kv10.1 is detected in over...

We isolated isobavachalcone (IBC) from Angelica keiskei (AK) as an anti-obesity component. IBC dose-dependently inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by down-regulating adipogenic factors. At the mitotic clonal expansion stage (MCE), IBC caused...

Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix is a key regulator of the cell cycle, as demonstrated for the passage of the G1/S checkpoint and the completion of cytokinetic abscission. Here, integrin-dependent regulation of the cell cycle in...