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2,571 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
12,501 Views
14 Pages

24 November 2023

A very important role in determining the quality of water is the assessment of its microbiological quality. Water quality control, which could pose a direct threat to human health and life, is performed in the case of water produced at water treatmen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Citations
8,729 Views
27 Pages

17 January 2021

A literature search and systematic review were conducted to present and discuss the most recent research studies for the past twenty years on the application of non-thermal methods for ensuring the microbiological safety and quality of fish and seafo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
790 Views
13 Pages

Microbiological Safety of Donor Human Milk: Comparing Culture-Based Methods for Enterobacterales Detection

  • Lena Dawczynski,
  • Nora Helke Leder,
  • Sabine Trommer,
  • Frank Kipp and
  • Claudia Stein

In neonatal care, donor human milk (DHM) is used when maternal milk is unavailable or insufficient. In several countries, including Germany, raw (i.e., unpasteurised) DHM is occasionally administered under specific clinical conditions. However, the l...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
10,936 Views
22 Pages

Chemical Methods for Microbiological Control of Winemaking: An Overview of Current and Future Applications

  • Francesco Tedesco,
  • Gabriella Siesto,
  • Rocchina Pietrafesa,
  • Patrizia Romano,
  • Rosanna Salvia,
  • Carmen Scieuzo,
  • Patrizia Falabella and
  • Angela Capece

19 September 2022

Preservation technologies for winemaking have relied mainly on the addition of sulfur dioxide (SO2), in consequence of the large spectrum of action of this compound, linked to the control of undesirable microorganisms and the prevention of oxidative...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,965 Views
20 Pages

Evaluation of the Microbiological Effectiveness of Three Accessible Mask Decontamination Methods and Their Impact on Filtration, Air Permeability and Physicochemical Properties

  • Roberta Lordelo,
  • José Rafael S. Botelho,
  • Paula V. Morais,
  • Hermínio C. de Sousa,
  • Rita Branco,
  • Ana M. A. Dias and
  • Marco S. Reis

The need to secure public health and mitigate the environmental impact associated with the massified use of respiratory protective devices (RPD) has been raising awareness for the safe reuse of decontaminated masks by individuals and organizations. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,704 Views
15 Pages

Field Application of the Micro Biological Survey Method for a Simple and Effective Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Water Sources in Developing Countries

  • Alyexandra Arienzo,
  • Martin Sanou Sobze,
  • Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum,
  • Francesca Losito,
  • Vittorio Colizzi and
  • Giovanni Antonini

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, “safe drinking-water must not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages”. Traditional me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,231 Views
15 Pages

New Methods for Microbiological Monitoring at Riverbank Filtration Sites

  • Yasmin Adomat,
  • Gerit-Hartmut Orzechowski,
  • Marc Pelger,
  • Robert Haas,
  • Rico Bartak,
  • Zsuzsanna Ágnes Nagy-Kovács,
  • Joep Appels and
  • Thomas Grischek

20 February 2020

Water suppliers aim to achieve microbiological stability throughout their supply system by regular monitoring of water quality. Monitoring temporal biomass dynamics at high frequency is time consuming due to the labor-intensive nature and limitations...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
7,396 Views
28 Pages

Methods for Early Detection of Microbiological Infestation of Buildings Based on Gas Sensor Technologies

  • Monika Garbacz,
  • Agnieszka Malec,
  • Sylwia Duda-Saternus,
  • Zbigniew Suchorab,
  • Łukasz Guz and
  • Grzegorz Łagód

In this review, the problem of microbiological infestation of buildings was discussed. The techniques of detection were described as well, with special attention drawn to the rapid-early detection methods based on gas sensor arrays. The physical and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,531 Views
11 Pages

Microbiological Non-Culture-Based Methods for Diagnosing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in ICU Patients

  • Ulrike Scharmann,
  • Hedda Luise Verhasselt,
  • Lisa Kirchhoff,
  • Dan-Tiberiu Furnica,
  • Joerg Steinmann and
  • Peter-Michael Rath

21 August 2023

The diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is crucial since most clinical signs are not specific to invasive fungal infections. To detect an IPA, different criteria should be considered. Next to host...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,645 Views
15 Pages

Use of Phage Cocktail for Improving the Overall Microbiological Quality of Sprouts—Two Methods of Application

  • Iwona Gientka,
  • Michał Wójcicki,
  • Aleksander W. Żuwalski and
  • Stanisław Błażejak

Background: the aim of this study was to improve the overall microbiological quality of five different sprouts (alfalfa, kale, lentil, sunflower, radish) using newly isolated bacteriophages. Method: in this study we had isolated from sewage 18 bacter...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
23,309 Views
14 Pages

Rapid and reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis is of great importance, especially in the event of suspected deliberate release of anthrax spores. However, the identification of B. anthracis is challenging due to its high similarity to closel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
7,916 Views
15 Pages

18 January 2021

In Europe, the consumption of seaweeds and derived products has increased in recent years, due to the expansion of Asian cuisine and the emergence of many top-level chefs. Often in collaboration with scientists, many have initiated a new gastronomy u...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
2,441 Views
7 Pages

The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef

  • Aracely Martínez-Moreno,
  • America Chávez-Martínez,
  • Janet E. Corry,
  • Christopher R. Helps,
  • Raúl. A. Reyes-Villagrana,
  • Juan. M. Tirado Gallegos,
  • Eduardo Santellano-Estrada and
  • Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio

Historically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,300 Views
17 Pages

Influence of Drying Methods on the Post-Harvest Quality of Coffee: Effects on Physicochemical, Sensory, and Microbiological Composition

  • Danilo José Machado de Abreu,
  • Mário Sérgio Lorenço,
  • Gilson Gustavo Lucinda Machado,
  • Joana Moratto Silva,
  • Estela Corrêa de Azevedo and
  • Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho

23 April 2025

This study evaluated the impact of different drying methods on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory qualities of coffees produced in the Campos das Vertentes (CV) and Alta Mogiana (AM) regions of Brazil. The sun-drying (S), sun-drying co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,865 Views
11 Pages

Biochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Properties of Dried Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Influenced by Various Drying Methods

  • Md. Golam Rasul,
  • Bhaskar Chandra Majumdar,
  • Faria Afrin,
  • Mohammad Abu Jafor Bapary and
  • A.K.M. Azad Shah

25 June 2018

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different drying methods with different pre-treatments on the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. In order to achieve this o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,398 Views
21 Pages

18 March 2023

In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, incinerated waste materials are being considered secondary resources. Especially incinerated sewage sludge ash is of interest due to its massive and increa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
11,122 Views
16 Pages

Daptomycin is an important antimicrobial for clinical practice, mainly because it remains very active against Gram-positive resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Development of mi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,027 Views
14 Pages

Microbiological Surveillance and State of the Art Technological Strategies for the Prevention of Dialysis Water Pollution

  • Piergiorgio Bolasco,
  • Antonio Contu,
  • Patrizia Meloni,
  • Dorio Vacca and
  • Andrea Galfrè

Methods: The present report attempts to illustrate the positive impact on the microbiological quality of dialysis patients over a 15-year period through the progressive implementation of state-of-the-art technological strategies and the optimization...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,411 Views
19 Pages

Diagnostic Advances in Childhood Tuberculosis—Improving Specimen Collection and Yield of Microbiological Diagnosis for Intrathoracic Tuberculosis

  • Eric Wobudeya,
  • Maryline Bonnet,
  • Elisabetta Ghimenton Walters,
  • Pamela Nabeta,
  • Rinn Song,
  • Wilfred Murithi,
  • Walter Mchembere,
  • Bunnet Dim,
  • Jean-Voisin Taguebue and
  • Olivier Marcy
  • + 2 authors

There is no microbiological gold standard for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The paucibacillary nature of the disease, challenges in sample collection in young children, and the limitations of currently available microbiological tests restric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,038 Views
16 Pages

Evaluating Cleaning Services in Civil Environments: Microbiological and Life Cycle Analysis Comparing Conventional and Sustainable Methods

  • Riccardo Fontana,
  • Mattia Buratto,
  • Anna Caproni,
  • Chiara Nordi,
  • Mariangela Pappadà,
  • Beatrice Bandera,
  • Luciano Vogli,
  • Cesare Buffone and
  • Peggy Marconi

5 January 2024

In response to the growing global concern for environmental sustainability, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was conducted to evaluate the environmental benefits of the “Formula Servizi” GREEN protocol compared to a conventional cleani...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,767 Views
11 Pages

11 August 2023

The use of disinfection agents in the washing processing of ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables, especially sodium hypochlorite, is a common industrial practice performed to enhance microbiological quality. However, some studies have reported a restart of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,920 Views
20 Pages

Effect of Sous Vide Heat Treatment and Packaging Methods on the Microbiological Quality of Red Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

  • Paweł Hanus,
  • Grażyna Jaworska,
  • Miroslava Kačániová,
  • Natalia Szarek and
  • Karolina Pycia

27 January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sous vide heat treatment and different packaging methods on the microbiological quality of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) during their refrigerated storage. Peppers of the Roberta variety were used in the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,249 Views
12 Pages

Electrostatic dust cloths (EDC) have been widely used for microbiologic contamination assessment in different indoor and occupational environments. This paper reviews sixteen studies performed in Portugal between 2018 and 2021 for evaluating the expo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,499 Views
12 Pages

Bloodstream Infections: Comparison of Diagnostic Methods and Therapeutic Consequences between a Hospital in a Resource-Limited Setting and Two French Hospitals

  • Racha Eid,
  • Jean-Ralph Zahar,
  • Chahrazed Ait Ali,
  • Assaf Mizrahi,
  • Racha Ibrahim,
  • Emeline Banh,
  • Habib Halouani,
  • Françoise Jauréguy,
  • Benoit Pilmis and
  • Rindala Saliba

In recent years, the diagnosis of bloodstream infections has been complemented by rapid microbiological methods, unattainable to most clinical laboratories in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the impact of their shortage on antibiotic therapy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
193 Views
19 Pages

Effect of Different Preservation Methods on the Microbiological Quality, Physicochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Red Prickly Pear (Opuntia streptacantha) Juice

  • Jorge Alberto Jose-Salazar,
  • Diana Maylet Hernández-Martínez,
  • Eliseo Cristiani-Urbina and
  • Liliana Morales-Barrera

12 January 2026

The red prickly pear (Opuntia streptacantha) is a fruit that is distinguished by its sensory properties and high content of bioactive compounds. Its rapid spoilage rate significantly impacts its commercialization, underscoring the urgent need for eff...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
8,898 Views
11 Pages

Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Leafy Green Salads during Shelf-Life and Home-Refrigeration

  • Alyexandra Arienzo,
  • Lorenza Murgia,
  • Ilaria Fraudentali,
  • Valentina Gallo,
  • Riccardo Angelini and
  • Giovanni Antonini

8 October 2020

The market of ready-to-eat leafy green salads is experiencing a noticeable growth in Europe. Since they are intended to be consumed without additional treatments, these ready-to-eat products are associated with a high microbiological risk. The aim of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
903 Views
14 Pages

Environmental Microbiological Sampling in Civil Settings: Comparative LCA Analysis of Green Cleaning Techniques vs. Traditional Methods in Accordance with New Italian CAM Guidelines

  • Riccardo Fontana,
  • Luciano Vogli,
  • Mattia Buratto,
  • Anna Caproni,
  • Chiara Nordi,
  • Mariangela Pappadà,
  • Martina Facchini,
  • Cesare Buffone,
  • Beatrice Bandera and
  • Peggy Marconi

16 May 2025

This research conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine both the ecological footprint and microbiological performance of eco-friendly and traditional cleaning methods in non-clinical environments. Conducted in accordance with the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
284 Views
34 Pages

Effect of the Sous-Vide Method on the Quality of Vegetables—A Review

  • Artur Głuchowski,
  • Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina and
  • Marlena Pielak

7 January 2026

Modern gastronomy strives to combine high-quality food with the preservation of nutritional value, microbiological safety, and the sustainable use of raw materials. With the development of culinary technologies, precise heat treatment methods are gai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,552 Views
10 Pages

Design and Initial Evaluation of a Novel Oral Hygiene Technology for a Special Needs Population: A New Way to Clean

  • Maxine Strickland,
  • Steven Mills,
  • Bhargavi Dasari,
  • Kenneth Markowitz and
  • Carla Cugini

20 September 2023

9.4 million People have swallowing problems in the US. In special needs populations, routine oral hygiene procedures such as tooth brushing can result in aspiration of microbial laden fluids leading to a significant systemic challenge. Aspiration may...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,825 Views
12 Pages

27 February 2022

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a substantial public health issue that is associated with high mortality rates and is complicated by an arsenal of microbial etiologies, expressing multidrug-resistant phenotypes, rendering relatively limited ther...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,822 Views
15 Pages

Methods for Intensifying Biogas Production from Waste: A Scientometric Review of Cavitation and Electrolysis Treatments

  • Viktoriia Chubur,
  • Dmytro Danylov,
  • Yelizaveta Chernysh,
  • Leonid Plyatsuk,
  • Vladimir Shtepa,
  • Nils Haneklaus and
  • Hynek Roubik

This article presents future trends in research using microbiological methods to intensify bioprocesses for biogas production. The pretreatment by combinations of physical and chemical methods, such as cavitation and electrolysis, is considered. The...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,886 Views
8 Pages

Rapid Microbiological Assessment in Raw Milk: Validation of a Rapid Alternative Method for the Assessment of Microbiological Quality in Raw Milk

  • Nicla Marri,
  • Francesca Losito,
  • Loris Le Boffe,
  • Gilberto Giangolini,
  • Simonetta Amatiste,
  • Lorenza Murgia,
  • Alyexandra Arienzo and
  • Giovanni Antonini

27 August 2020

The consumption of dairy products and the dairy industry are one of the main global agri-food sectors for its size, economic importance, and level of technology. Microbiological quality of pasteurized milk or other milk products is dependent on micro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,560 Views
19 Pages

Lactones with Methylcyclohexane Systems Obtained by Chemical and Microbiological Methods and Their Antimicrobial Activity

  • Małgorzata Grabarczyk,
  • Katarzyna Wińska,
  • Wanda Mączka,
  • Anna K. Żołnierczyk,
  • Barbara Żarowska and
  • Mirosław Anioł

16 February 2015

Eight new lactones (δ-chloro-, δ-bromo- and δ-iodo-γ-lactones), each with a methylcyclohexane ring, were obtained by chemical means from (4-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl) acetic acid or (6-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl) acetic acid. Whole cells of ten fungal s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,713 Views
18 Pages

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), multispectral imaging (MSI), and an electronic nose (E-nose) were implemented individually and in combination in an attempt to investigate and, hence, identify the complexity of the phenomenon of spoil...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
178 Views
35 Pages

8 January 2026

Fermented meat products rely on complex microbial ecosystems in which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a central role in safety, quality, and sensory development. In recent years, increasing demand for reduced-nitrite formulations, clean-label product...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,884 Views
13 Pages

Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella from Commercial Poultry as Influenced by Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods

  • Xi Wang,
  • W. Evan Chaney,
  • Hilary O. Pavlidis,
  • James P. McGinnis,
  • J. Allen Byrd,
  • Yuhua Z. Farnell,
  • Timothy J. Johnson,
  • Audrey P. McElroy and
  • Morgan B. Farnell

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in poultry is critical for food safety. We aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella isolated from poultry samples as influenced by isolation and antimicrobial suscep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,303 Views
17 Pages

Effects of the Aging Period and Method on the Physicochemical, Microbiological and Rheological Characteristics of Two Cuts of Charolais Beef

  • Marika Di Paolo,
  • Rosa Luisa Ambrosio,
  • Claudia Lambiase,
  • Valeria Vuoso,
  • Angela Salzano,
  • Giovanna Bifulco,
  • Carmela Maria Assunta Barone and
  • Raffaele Marrone

25 January 2023

Wet-aging (WA) and dry-aging (DA) methods are usually used in the beef industry to satisfy the consumers’ tastes; however, these methods are not suitable for all anatomical cuts. In this study, WA and DA were applied to improve the quality of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,452 Views
17 Pages

10 July 2021

We carried out multivariate characterisation of phenotypic variability in 27 treatments that were combinations of cover crop, tillage method, and year. Canonical variate analysis was employed to observe nine microbiological traits in an experiment es...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,452 Views
21 Pages

10 February 2023

Street food outlets are characterised by poor microbiological quality of the food and poor hygiene practices that pose a risk to consumer health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hygiene of surfaces in food trucks (FT) using the reference met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,885 Views
26 Pages

15 February 2025

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a common adverse event following antiresorptive treatment, leading to chronic inflammation and exposed, necrotic bone surfaces in the jawbone. There is an increasing recognition of th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,041 Views
30 Pages

Biofilm formation is a serious problem that relatively often causes complications in orthopedic surgery. Biofilm-forming pathogens invade implanted foreign bodies and surrounding tissues. Such a condition, if not limited at the appropriate time, ofte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,822 Views
14 Pages

New faster and more sensitive detection methods are required for food microbiological contamination quality control throughout the entire handling process. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence detection method based on the firefly lucifer...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,410 Views
21 Pages

16 June 2022

Microbiologically induced concrete corrosion (in wastewater pipes) occurs mainly because of the diffusion of aggressive solutions and in situ production of sulfuric acid by microorganisms. The prevention of concrete biocorrosion usually requires modi...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,007 Views
7 Pages

Detection of Proteus spp. in Artificial Surface Samples and Estimation of the LOD of the Qualitative Microbiological Method

  • Dragica Đurđević-Milošević,
  • Andrijana Petrović,
  • Jasmina Elez,
  • Vesna Kalaba and
  • Goran Gagula

Food contact surfaces can be a source of food contamination. Bacteria of the genus Proteus are known as opportunistic pathogens, often associated with faecal contamination and decomposition of organic matter. This study aimed to isolate Proteus spp....

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,660 Views
17 Pages

Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Salmonella enterica Recovered from River Water in a Major Agricultural Region in Northwestern Mexico

  • Irvin González-López,
  • José Andrés Medrano-Félix,
  • Nohelia Castro-del Campo,
  • Osvaldo López-Cuevas,
  • Jean Pierre González-Gómez,
  • José Benigno Valdez-Torres,
  • José Roberto Aguirre-Sánchez,
  • Jaime Martínez-Urtaza,
  • Bruno Gómez-Gil and
  • Cristóbal Chaidez
  • + 2 authors

Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Given that Salmonella is persistent in aquatic environments, this study examined the prevalence, levels and genotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,900 Views
4 Pages

The Growth Curve Method to Rapidly Derive the Antibacterial Potential of Polyoxovanadates

  • Dorinda Marques-da-Silva,
  • Sib Sankar Mal,
  • Manuel Aureliano and
  • Ricardo Lagoa

In previous studies (Marques-da-Silva et al., 2019), we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of three polyoxovanadates, namely V10, MnV11, and MnV13, against Escherichia coli. MICs were obtained following the standard method, which r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,357 Views
22 Pages

The Critical Role of Consumers in the Prevention of Foodborne Diseases: An Ethnographic Study of Italian Families

  • Alessio Menini,
  • Giulia Mascarello,
  • Mosè Giaretta,
  • Alice Brombin,
  • Silvia Marcolin,
  • Fabrizio Personeni,
  • Anna Pinto and
  • Stefania Crovato

29 March 2022

A high incidence of foodborne diseases occurs in the home setting because consumers adopt inappropriate preparation, consumption, and storage procedures. The present study applies an ethnographic approach to identify inadequate practices that could i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,143 Views
6 Pages

Evaluation of the NovaLisa™ Leishmania Infantum IgG ELISA in A Reference Diagnostic Laboratory in A Non-Endemic Country

  • Christen Rune Stensvold,
  • Amalie Vang Høst,
  • Salem Belkessa and
  • Henrik Vedel Nielsen

27 February 2019

Anti-Leishmania antibodies may be detectable in patients with leishmaniasis. Here, we compared a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies, with an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,136 Views
22 Pages

A Photonic Label-Free Biosensor to Detect Salmonella spp. in Fresh Vegetables and Meat

  • Ana Fernández Blanco,
  • Manuel Hernández Pérez,
  • Yolanda Moreno Trigos and
  • Jorge García-Hernández

8 December 2023

This paper presents a method that can be used to detect and identify Salmonella spp. in fresh meat and vegetable samples using a photonic biosensor with specialized bioreceptors. Detection was based on photon transduction. Silicon-nitride-based reson...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,008 Views
9 Pages

Empiric quantification of environmental fecal contamination is an important step toward understanding the impact that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have on reducing enteric infections. There is a need to standardize the methods used fo...

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