The article deals with the problem of building stacked pallet load units consisting of at least two stackable pallet load units. Moreover, this article concerns the part of the flow of goods in distribution networks that is prepared at the place of i...
Unit loads consisting of a pallet, packages, and a product securement system are the dominant way of shipping products across the United States. The most common packaging types used in unit loads are corrugated boxes. Due to the great stresses create...
During the load distribution of hydropower units, the frequent crossing of vibration zones as well as large output fluctuations affect the stability of the power station. A multi-objective double-layer intelligent nesting model that considers the con...
The low order Taylor’s series expansion was employed in this study to estimate the reliability indices of the failure criteria for reliability-based design optimization of a linear static structure subjected to random loads and boundary conditi...
One of the structural elements used in the construction of insulating glass units (IGUs) are tight gaps filled with gas, the purpose of which is to improve the thermal properties of glazing in buildings. Natural changes in weather parameters: atmosph...
The purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of loading methods for gas turbines as well as to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes the real operating conditions of the loading system at various loads and...
Current pallet design methodology frequently underestimates the load capacity of the pallet by assuming the payload is uniformly distributed and flexible. By considering the effect of payload characteristics and their interactions during pallet desig...
With the rapid advancement in technology, electrical energy consumption is increasing rapidly. Especially, in the residential sector, more than 80% of electrical energy is being consumed because of consumer negligence. This brings the challenging tas...
A high wind-power penetration level causes increased uncertainty in power system operation because of the variability and limited predictability of wind generation. This paper proposes a novel type of unit commitment (UC) considering spinning reserve...
It is often claimed that coal-fired units are highly inflexible to accommodate variable renewable energy. However, a recently published report illustrates that making existing coal-fired units more flexible is both technically and economically feasib...
This study aimed to estimate pollutant unit loads for different landuses and pollutants that reflected long-term runoff characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants and recent environmental changes. During 2008–2014, 2026 rainfall events were...
The load prediction of electric vehicle charging stations is the basis of their static safety, which directly affects the safety of operation, the rationality of planning, and the economy of supply. However, various factors lead to drastic changes in...
Short-term load forecasting is an important task for the planning and reliable operation of power grids. High-accuracy forecasting for individual customers helps to make arrangements for generation and reduce electricity costs. Artificial intelligent...
This paper reports the auxetic behavior of modified conventional non-woven fabric. The auxetic behavior of fabric was achieved by forming rotating square unit geometry with a highly ordered pattern of slits by laser cutting. Two commercial needle-pun...
With the development of the smart grid in China, new opportunities for responsive industrial loads to participate in the provision of ancillary services (AS) will become accessible. This paper summarizes AS in China and analyzes the necessary charact...
Flexible ultra-long stroke pumping units (FULSPUs) are widely adopted in low-yield oil wells due to their structural simplicity and high operational efficiency. However, current equipment selection methods lack precision, leading to mismatched config...
The article presents a description of models and results of research on separate and joint effects of unbalanced and non-linear loads on the operation of a lower-power synchronous generator. The modeling of the generator included automatic regulators...
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties, particularly the fracture load, modulus of elasticity, and fracture patterns, of four-unit posterior tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated from various...
As a result of extensive penetration of wind farms into electricity grids, power systems face enormous challenges in daily operation because of the intermittent characteristics of wind energy. In particular, the load peak-valley gap has been dramatic...
This work investigates the contact between abrasive particles and workpieces in microfinishing processes with special consideration given to the determination of unit force, unit pressure, and grain, the forces exerted by individual abrasive grains....
Owing to the fact that large-scale peak-load-regulation nuclear power turbine units’ thermal signal is greatly influenced by background noise and has non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics, this paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method for t...
The load margin is an important index applied in power systems to inform how much the system load can be increased without causing system instability. The increasing operational uncertainties and evolution of power systems require more accurate tools...
This research paper presents an enhanced economic load dispatch (ELD) approach using the Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm for 10 thermal units, examining the impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in different charging...
Insulating glass units (IGUs) are building components that show a particular structural behavior. Although such structures have many advantages from the point of view of thermal protection of buildings, they show particular structural behavior under...
Few non-traditional optimization techniques are applied to the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) of large-scale thermal power units (TPUs), e.g., 1000 TPUs, that consider the effects of valve-point loading with ramp-rate limitations. This is a complica...
Short-term load dispatching (STLD) for a hydropower plant with multiple turbines in one tunnel (HPMTT) refers to determining when to startup or shutdown the units of different tunnels and scheduling the online units of each tunnel to obtain optimal l...
Increasing quantities of products are being transported across widely distributed supply networks; the sustainability of the packaging used to transport these goods, or unit loads, presents an area of potential concern. The most common type of unit l...
Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the limitations of electrical power and the heat load. Simulating a real CHP...
Insulating glass units (IGUs) are construction elements that react to climatic loads in a specific way. Under the influence of changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature, as well as the effect of wind, the gas closed in the tight gap between the...
With the increasing integration of wind energy sources into conventional power systems, the demand for reserve power has risen due to associated forecasting errors. Consequently, developing innovative operating strategies for automatic generation con...
This research addresses the challenge of load management in electricity distribution networks, focusing on the optimal placement of telecommunication load breaker switches in the presence of distributed generation units. By integrating two key object...
Traditionally, the Economic Dispatch Model (EDM) integrating Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units aims to reduce fuel costs by managing power-only, CHP, and heat-only units. Today, reducing pollutant emissions to the environment is of paramount concer...
Short-term load forecasting is a key task to maintain the stable and effective operation of power systems, providing reasonable future load curve feeding to the unit commitment and economic load dispatch. In recent years, the boost of internal combus...
Traditional design and shaping methods of helical gears may have difficulties in meeting the requirements of multiple performance indicators simultaneously, such as tooth surface accuracy, load-carrying capacity, and transmission efficiency. This stu...
The creation of a decentralized low-carbon energy infrastructure is the main trend in the development of the electric power industry in many countries. Distributed generation facilities (DGs) based on gas reciprocating units (GRUs) are often built by...
The new Ti–Zr (Roxolid®) mini-implants have not yet been fully researched. We analyzed peri-implant and posterior edentulous area microstrains during mandibular overdenture (OD) loading at different sites with different extents of forces wh...
The objective of this paper involves the analysis of opportunities for the management of Railway Systems’ demand using Physical-Based models and aggregation tools well-known in “conventional” Power Systems to develop and enlarge the...
Transshipment is the process of off-loading an intermodal loading unit (for example, different types of containers, semitrailers, swap-bodies, and so on) from one means of transport (for example, a vessel, a freight railcar, etc.) and loading it onto...
Electric vehicles (Evs) offer promising benefits in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security; however, accurately estimating their load presents a challenge in optimizing grid management and sustainable integration. Moreover, EV load estimati...
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential to ensure continuity of energy supply and maintain the reliability of modern power systems. Intermittency and uncertainty of renewable generations due to fluctuating weather conditions as well as uncertain...
In response to the challenges faced by traditional short-term electricity load forecasting models during holiday load predictions, a novel approach based on multifactor analysis and the Backpropagation–Gated Recurrent Unit (BP-GRU) model is pro...
Taiwan’s power system is isolated and not supported by other interconnected systems. Consequently, the system frequency immediately reflects changes in the system loads. Pumped storage units are crucial for controlling power frequency. These units pr...
This study investigated factors on tensile properties of rattan strips commonly used as woven materials for furniture. The factors were rattan type (bast, core, synthetic), gauge length (100, 140 mm), and unit loading speed (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 m...
Tilting pad bearings are core components of rotating machinery. Due to factors such as manufacturing, installation and operation, there may be a mismatch between the bearing pad surface and the shaft diameter, leading to issues like high bearing temp...
Water hammer influences the life cycle of hydraulic passages and may even cause catastrophic structural failures. Several catastrophic failures of hydraulic power units have been reported in the literature due to the effects of transient regimes. The...
Rising uncertainty in power systems due to ongoing system and operational changes has led to increasing risks in operating a system in a reliable and economic manner. There are growing reliability concerns with the widely used methods, such as the N-...
The trend regarding providing more distributed solutions compared to a fully centralized operation has increased the research activities conducted on the improvement of active regional communities in the power system operation in the last decades. In...
Formulating a reasonable and feasible unit maintenance scheme is a promising way to eliminate potential risks and improve the reliability of power systems. However, the uncertainty and volatility of new energy outputs, such as wind power, increase th...
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) sources, has introduced significant uncertainty into power system operations, challenging traditional scheduling models and threatening system reliabi...
Accurate cooling load forecasting in chiller units is critical for building energy optimization, yet remains challenging due to non-stationary nonlinear dynamics driven by coupled external weather variability (solar radiation, ambient temperature) an...
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