Determination of NPS Pollutant Unit Loads from Different Landuses
1
Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
2
Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Yangpyeong-gun 12585, Korea
3
Research Strategy and Planning Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Gema Fernández-Avilés
Sustainability 2021, 13(13), 7193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137193
Received: 31 May 2021 / Revised: 20 June 2021 / Accepted: 24 June 2021 / Published: 26 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Wetlands as Nature Based Solutions for Ecological Service)
This study aimed to estimate pollutant unit loads for different landuses and pollutants that reflected long-term runoff characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants and recent environmental changes. During 2008–2014, 2026 rainfall events were monitored. The average values of antecedent dry days, total rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, runoff duration, and runoff coefficient for each landuse were 3.8–5.9 d, 35.2–65.0 mm, 2.9–4.1 mm/h, 12.5–20.4 h, 12.4–27.9 h, and 0.24–0.45, respectively. Uplands (UL) exhibited high suspended solids (SS, 606.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (TN, 7.38 mg/L), and total phosphorous (TP, 2.27 mg/L) levels, whereas the runoff coefficient was high in the building sites (BS), with a high impervious surface ratio. The event mean concentration (EMC) for biological oxygen demand (BOD) was the highest in BS (8.0 mg/L), while the EMC was the highest in BS (in the rainfall range <10 mm) and UL and forest land (in the rainfall range >50 mm). The unit loads for BOD (1.49–17.76 kg/km2·d), TN (1.462–10.147 kg/km2·d), TP (0.094–1.435 kg/km2·d), and SS (15.20–327.70 kg/km2·d) were calculated. The findings can be used to manage NPS pollutants and watershed environments and implement relevant associated management systems.
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Keywords:
event mean concentration; landuse; nonpoint source pollution; stormwater runoff; unit load
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MDPI and ACS Style
Choi, J.; Park, B.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.; Ryu, J.; Kim, K.; Kim, Y. Determination of NPS Pollutant Unit Loads from Different Landuses. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137193
AMA Style
Choi J, Park B, Kim J, Lee S, Ryu J, Kim K, Kim Y. Determination of NPS Pollutant Unit Loads from Different Landuses. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137193
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Jiyeon, Baekyung Park, Jinsun Kim, Soyoung Lee, Jichul Ryu, Kyunghyun Kim, and Yongseok Kim. 2021. "Determination of NPS Pollutant Unit Loads from Different Landuses" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137193
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