We review various schemes of quantum-enhanced optical interferometers, both linear (SU(2)) and non-linear (SU(1,1)) ones, as well as hybrid SU(2)/SU(1,1) options, using the unified modular approach based on the Quantum Cramèr–Rao bound (...
High-sensitivity interferometers are one of the basic tools for precision measurement, and their sensitivity is limited by their shot noise limit (SNL), which is determined by vacuum fluctuations of the probe field. The quantum interferometer with no...
VHF (Very High Frequency) lightning interferometers can locate and observe lightning discharges with a high time resolution. Especially the appearance of continuous interferometers makes the 2-D location of interferometers further improve in time res...
Interferometers are widely used as sensors in precision measurement. Compared with a conventional Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the sensitivity of a correlation-enhanced nonlinear interferometer can break the standard quantum limit. Phase sensit...
This paper presents a real-time method to compensate for the variable cyclic error in a homodyne laser interferometer. The parameters describing the quadrature signals of the interferometer are estimated using simple peak value detectors. The cyclic...
This study presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of six fundamental laser interferometer types: Sagnac, Mach–Zehnder, Michelson, Twyman–Green, Fizeau, and Fabry–Pérot. Using ZEMAX OpticStudio in non-seq...
The measurement speed and measurement accuracy of a displacement measuring interferometer are key parameters. To verify these parameters, a fast and high-accuracy motion is required. However, the displacement induced by a mechanical actuator generate...
We present a study of Doppler-sensitive light-pulse atom interferometers operating within optical dipole potentials, where atomic trajectories are manipulated using momentum transfer from light pulses and optical forces from the trap. Efficient metho...
The optical structure of general commercial interferometers, e.g., the Michelson interferometers, is based on a non-common optical path. Such interferometers suffer from environmental effects because of the different phase changes induced in differen...
In this brief paper, we show that atom interferometer experiments such as MAGIS, AION and AEDGE do not only have the potential to probe very light dark matter models, but will also probe quantum gravity. We show that the linear coupling of a singlet...
Lightning Very-high-frequency (VHF) broadband interferometer has become an effective approach to map lightning channels in two dimensions with high time resolution. This paper reports an approach to mapping lightning channels in three dimensions (3D)...
Compact Michelson interferometers are well positioned to replace existing displacement sensors in the readout of seismometers and suspension systems, such as those used in contemporary gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we continue our previous inve...
The phase quadrature measurement method is capable of measuring nonlinearity in heterodyne laser interferometers with picometer accuracy whereas it cannot be applied in the new kind of heterodyne interferometers with bidirectional Doppler frequency s...
Here, we report on the experimental study of spin-wave propagation and interaction in the double-branched Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) scheme. We show that the use of a piezoelectric plate (PP) with separated electrodes connected to each b...
A hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) has been implemented by using a consumer wineglass as the resonator and 3 × 3 optical interferometers as the detectors. The poorness of the off-the-shelf wineglass as the resonator can be overcome by th...
Interferometry sensors are frequently analyzed by applying the Fourier transform because the transformation separates all frequency components of its signal, making its study on a complex plane feasible. In this work, we study the relation between th...
In this paper we investigated the response of a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensing interferometer with thin ZnO layers deposited on the end faces of the optical fibers forming the cavity. Standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF-28) seg...
Tilt-to-length coupling, a non-constant systematic error source caused by satellite attitude variations, has been observed in the laser ranging signals of the GRACE Follow-On mission. This error can be corrected by certain calibration maneuvers perfo...
In this paper, we review the characteristics of critical wavelength (CWL)-existed fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), including special few-mode fibers and microfibers, and their sensing applications in physical, chemical, and mari...
Interferometric signals in space-borne Gravitational Wave Detectors are measured by digital phasemeters. The phasemeter processes signals generated by multiple interferometers, with its primary function being micro-radian level phase measurements. Th...
A semi-distributed interferometer is a low-reflectivity device with refractive index sensing capability, exploiting the random reflectivity of a nanoparticle-doped fiber to form a weak distributed cavity. In this work, we extend this concept to an ex...
Linewidth measurements of a distributed feedback (DFB) fibre laser are made using delayed self heterodyne interferometry (DHSI) with both Mach-Zehnder and Michelson interferometer configurations. Voigt fitting is used to extract and compare the Loren...
In this work, we experimentally analyzed and demonstrated the performance of an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer in the visible region, with an LED light source. The different waist diameter taper and asymmetric core-offset interferometers p...
We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make...
Heterodyne interferometers with two opposite Doppler shift interference signals have been proposed for high-resolution measurement with high measurement speed, which can be used in the background of high-speed high-resolution measurement. However, a...
Fiber interferometers are widely used in precision measurement fields such as seismic observation, gravitational-wave detection, and aerospace guidance. However, phase noise in the Hz–kHz range has become an important factor limiting further im...
Vector bending sensors can be utilized to detect the bending curvature and direction, which is essential for various applications such as structural health monitoring, mechanical deformation measurement, and shape sensing. In this work, we demonstrat...
Hierarchical clustering analysis is applied to the positioning of two simultaneously-occurring intrusion events in the case of a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer used for intrusion detection. To simulate the two intrusion events, the sensing fibers o...
Even after the Heydemann correction, residual nonlinear errors, ranging from hundreds of picometers to several nanometers, are still found in heterodyne laser interferometers. This is a crucial factor impeding the realization of picometer level metro...
Fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometers are widely used in research areas such as telecommunications, spectroscopy, and quantum information. These optical structures are known to be affected by phase fluctuations that are usually modeled as mu...
A Bragg-mirror-assisted terahertz (THz) high-contrast and broadband plasmonic interferometer is proposed and theoretically investigated for potential sensing applications. The central microslit couples the incident THz wave into unidirectional surfac...
A temperature multipoint sensing system based on three cascade Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is introduced. The MZIs with different lengths are fabricated based on waist-enlarged fiber bitapers. The fast Fourier transformation is applied...
Large-aperture optical elements are increasingly in demand for applications in astronomy, high-power lasers, and aerospace technology, but their manufacturing and testing processes pose significant challenges. In this paper, we propose an ultra-large...
A range of complex percutaneous procedures, such as biopsy or regional anesthesia, rely heavily on accurate needle insertion. Small variations in the mechanical properties of the pierced tissue can however cause deviations from the projected needle p...
Optical interferometers are the main elements of interferometric sensing and measurement systems. Measuring their optical path difference (OPD) in real time and evaluating the measurement uncertainty are key to optimizing system noise and ensuring sy...
This work introduces a refractometric sensor based on multiple cascaded Michelson interferometers fabricated with long-period fiber gratings to classify different commercial brands of paracetamol as well as to measure solutions with different paracet...
A high sensitivity optical fiber gas pressure sensor based on paralleled Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) was demonstrated. One micro-cavity FPI is used as a reference FPI (FPI-1) to generate a Vernier effect and the other FPI (FPI-2)...
An interference filter is designed by cascading two Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), which is then utilized in the construction of a wavelength interval adjustable dual-wavelength Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). Each MZI consists of two 3 dB opt...
The linear demodulation range and background noise of the Michelson interferometer system are investigated with a laser phase noise measurement system. We have theoretically and experimentally analyzed the performance of the interferometer system by...
Displacement metrology with nanometer-level precision over macroscopic ranges is a key foundation for modern science and engineering. This review provides a comparative overview of Precision Nanometrology, covering measurement ranges from micrometers...
Due to the common path structure being insensitive to the environmental disturbances, relevant Fabry–Pérot interferometers have been presented for displacement measurement. However, the discontinuous signal distribution exists in the con...
In this paper, we propose a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on two cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) that work using the Vernier effect. The all-fiber MZIs were assembled by splicing a segment of capillary hollow-core fiber (CHCF...
Conventional dual-beam interferometers typically provide a single interferometric phase observable, while simultaneous measurement of displacement and angular motion may require an additional optical path or auxiliary sensor. In this work, we develop...
In this paper, a differential phase-modulated interferometer (DPMI) is proposed to compensate for the rotational error for precision displacement measurement. In DPMI, a reference interferometer sharing the same reference arm with the measurement int...
Using a thermal gas, we model the signal of a trapped interferometer. This interferometer uses two short laser pulses, separated by time
Selected optical fiber sensors offer extraordinary sensitivity to changes in external refractive (RI), which make them promising for label-free biosensing. In this work the most sensitive ones, namely long-period gratings working at (DTP-LPG) and mic...
Silicon photonic sensors based on Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) have applications spanning from biological and olfactory sensors to temperature and ultrasound sensors. Although a coherent detection scheme can solve the issues of sensitivity fad...
Photons in interferometers manifest the functional ability to simultaneously navigate both paths through the device, but eventually appear at only one outlet. How this relates to the physical behaviour of the particle is still ambiguous, even though...
The paper studies the characteristics of a wavelength meter (WLM) based on a Fizeau-based interferometer (FI) using weak Fiber Bragg Gratings (wFBGs). The proposed WLM is compared with the commercial Angstrom WLM, as well as with a Mach-Zehnder inter...
Optical fibers have been involved in the area of sensing applications for more than four decades. Moreover, interferometric optical fiber sensors have attracted broad interest for their prospective applications in sensing temperature, refractive inde...
of 37