103 Results Found

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genomic pathway has been well-characterized in a number of respiratory diseases. In addition, the cytoplasmic AHR protein may act as an adaptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, the physiological functions of AHR...

Bacteriophage T4 is decorated with 155 180 Å-long fibers of the highly antigenic outer capsid protein (Hoc). In this study, we describe a near-atomic structural model of Hoc by combining cryo-electron microscopy and AlphaFold structure predicti...

The protein toxin Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) is a major virulence factor of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. It belongs to a family of single chain AB-toxins, which enter mammalian cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Recently, we i...

Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) was identified in 1983 as a protein toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Since then, numerous studies have investigated its particularities. For instance, it is associated with the si...

We investigated the interaction of HspB7 and its α-crystallin domain with the wild-type (WT) C-terminal fragment of human filamin C (FLNC), containing immunoglobulin-like domains 22–24 and its three mutants associated with cardio- and myo...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the cornerstone of treatment in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), for both metastatic disease and in an adjuvant setting. However, an adaptive resistance from cancer cells may arise during ICI treatment, there...

The adaptive immune system arose around 500 million years ago in jawed fish, and, since then, it has mediated the immune defense against pathogens in all vertebrates. Antibodies play a central role in the immune reaction, recognizing and attacking ex...

Immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) fold domains are abundant on the surface of bacteria, where they are required for cell-to-cell recognition, adhesion, biofilm formation, and conjugative transfer. Fibrillar adhesins are proteins with Ig-like fold(s) that...

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss among the aging population. The current standard of care to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration is inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) thro...

While protein refolding has been studied for over 50 years since the pioneering work of Christian Anfinsen, there have been a limited number of studies correlating results between chemical, thermal, and mechanical unfolding. The limited knowledge of...

The Na+, K+-ATPase transports Na+ and K+ across the membrane of all animal cells. In addition to its ion transporting function, the Na+, K+-ATPase acts as a homotypic epithelial cell adhesion molecule via its β1 subunit. The extracellular region...

In the search for new carriers capable of transporting toxic drugs to a target, particular attention has been devoted to supramolecular systems with a ribbon-like micellar structure of which Congo red is an example. A special promise of the possible...

Human cancers express altered levels of actin-binding cytoskeletal filamin A (FLNA) protein. FLNA in mammals consists of an actin-binding domain at its N-terminus that is followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeat modules interrupted by two hinge regi...

Nonnative interactions cause energetic frustrations in protein folding and were found to dominate key events in folding intermediates. However, systematically characterizing energetic frustrations that are caused by nonnative intra-residue interactio...

The ubiquitously expressed family of inward rectifier potassium (KIR) channels, encoded by KCNJ genes, is primarily involved in cell excitability and potassium homeostasis. Channel mutations associate with a variety of severe human diseases and syndr...

The TAMs are a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprised of three members, Tyro3, Axl and Mer. Evidence in support of the existence of this subfamily emerged from a screen for novel RTKs performed in the laboratory of Dr. Greg Lemke in...

Background/Objectives: The hepatitis A virus (HAV) cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein discovered in monkeys and humans as a HAV receptor. HAVCR1 contains an N-terminal immunoglobulin-like variable domain (IgV) fol...

In the CAZy database, the α-amylase family GH13 has already been divided into 45 subfamilies, with additional subfamilies still emerging. The presented in silico study was undertaken in an effort to propose a novel GH13 subfamily represented by...

Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglob...

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are secreted proteins that play an important role in IGF regulation of growth and development of vertebrate and invertebrates. In this study, the IGFBP7 gene was cloned and characterized from mantl...

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder involving placental abnormalities. Elevated placental Sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-6 expression has been correlated with preeclampsia. Siglec-6 is a transmembrane receptor, expressed pr...

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin-like receptor superfamily. RAGE is a pattern-recognition, multi-ligand receptor that binds glycated proteins, specific non-glycated proteins, and...

Myelin protein zero (P0), a type I transmembrane protein, is the most abundant protein in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin—the lipid-rich, periodic structure of membrane pairs that concentrically encloses long axonal segments. Schwann cel...

Malignant melanoma is a complex malignancy with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in its etiology. While germline variants in melanoma predisposition genes have been described, many patients remain genetically unexplained after panel test...

We have constructed bispecific immunoglobulin-like immunoadhesins that bind to both the HIV-envelope glycoproteins: gp120 and gp41. These immunoadhesins have N terminal domains of human CD4 engrafted onto the N-terminus of the heavy chain of human an...

The hominid SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposons represent a repertoire of genomic variation which could have significant effects on genome function. A human-specific SVA in the promoter region of the gene leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like...

Vaccines against dengue virus (DV) are commercially nonexistent. A subunit vaccination strategy may be of value, especially if a safe viral vector acts as biologically active adjuvant. In this paper, we focus on an immunoglobulin-like, independently...

Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) is a brain-enriched membrane protein that is involved in neural cell communication and synapse formation. Accumulating evidence indicates that NEGR1 is a generic risk factor for various psychiatric diseases includi...

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis that frequently occurs in tropical and subtropical countries. Leptospira enters the host through wounds or mucous membranes and spreads to the whole body through the blood, causing systemic infection. Kidneys ar...

Filamin protein is characterized by an N-terminal actin-binding domain that is followed by 24 Ig (immunoglobulin)-like repeats, which act as hubs for interactions with a variety of proteins. In humans, this family has been found to be involved in can...

The immune system homeostasis relies on a tight equilibrium of interconnected stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Disruption of this balance is characteristic of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Aside from activating th...

B cell aplasia caused by “on-target off-tumor” toxicity is one of the clinical side effects during CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T (CD19-CAR-T) cells treatment for B cell malignancies. Persistent B cell aplasia was observe...

A key step during the entry of enveloped viruses into cells is the merger of viral and cell lipid bilayers. This process is driven by a dedicated membrane fusion protein (MFP) present at the virion surface, which undergoes a membrane–fusogenic...

Stomach cancer has a high mortality, which is partially caused by an absence of suitable biomarkers to allow detection of the initiation stages of cancer progression. Thus, identification of critical biomarkers associated with gastric cancer (GC) is...

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) signaling through Plexin B1 on the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. We assessed the protein expression of SEMA4D and Plexin B1 in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) fr...

The expression of leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) has been reported in Parkinson’s disease; however, its role in other diseases is unknown. Gastric cancer is the second...

We previously showed that selective suppression of CD44 in the corneal epithelium leads to structural abnormalities in the mouse cornea. Our comparative studies of young and aged ocular biopsies revealed that CD44 expression is downregulated in aged...

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are polymorphic glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface of nucleated cells and consist of two classes, HLA class I and HLA class II. In contrast, in mice, these molecules, known as H-2, are expressed on both nuclea...

Background/Objective: Current treatments for eosinophilic and mast cell disorders are often ineffective. One promising target to improve outcomes is sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-8 (Siglec-8). As limitations, there are few Siglec-8 m...

The diagnosis of ewes’ pregnancy status at an early stage is an efficient way to enhance the reproductive output of sheep and allow producers to optimize production and management. The techniques of proteomics and metabolomics have been widely...

The grey garden slug (Deroceras reticulatum), a common terrestrial slug native to Europe with a global distribution including North America, is commonly considered the most severe slug pest in agriculture. The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita,...

In mammals, the novel protein fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) is involved in the development of metanephric kidneys. It appears that this receptor controls a crucial transition of the induced metanephric mesenchyme to epithelial ren...

An increase in immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels is typically associated with immunological tolerance states and develops after prolonged exposure to antigens. Accordingly, IgG4 is considered an anti-inflammatory antibody with a limited ability to trig...

At 420 million years, the variable domain of New Antigen Receptors or VNARs are undoubtedly the oldest (and smallest) antigen binding single domains identified in the vertebrate kingdom. Their role as an integral part of the adaptive immune system of...

Activation of the humoral immune system is initiated when antibodies recognize an antigen and trigger effector functions through the interaction with Fc engaging molecules. The most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum is Immunoglobulin G (IgG),...

Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative, food-borne pathogen, which colonizes the intestinal tract and invades enterocytes. Invasion of polarized cells depends on the SPI1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) and the SPI4-encoded type I secretion...

The insulin signaling (IIS) pathway plays an important role in the metabolism, growth, development, reproduction, and longevity of an organism. As a key member of the IIS pathway, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are widely distri...

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been an important model for immunological studies but the study of its immunoglobulins (Ig) has been restricted to its unique IgA and IgG. Here, we studied the genetic diversity of IgM and IgE in severa...

Recombinant antibodies and, more recently, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapies represent two immunological strategies that have come to the forefront of clinical interest for targeting intracellular neoantigens in benign and malignant d...

The interest in replacing the conventional immunoglobulin G (IgG) format of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) with alternative antibody and antibody-like scaffolds reflects a need to expand their therapeutic utili...