For a targeted development process of foot prostheses, a profound understanding of the dynamic interaction between humans and prostheses is necessary. In engineering, an often employed method to investigate the dynamics of mechanical systems is Hardw...
This study compares two district heating substation systems for implementation in rural district heating networks with non-retrofitted single- and two-family houses. The aim is to determine which system has the potential to provide lower return tempe...
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) exhibit significant nonlinear electromagnetic behaviour due to the effects of saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics, temperature, and iron losses. In order to effectively capture the actua...
Liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) orders are increasing owing to marine environment regulations. The complexity of the integrated system applied to shipbuilding and software errors have increased with the high degree of automation. Direct on-site...
This paper presents the hardware-in-the-loop simulation for dynamic performance test (HILS-DPT) of power electronic equipment replicas using a real-time hybrid simulator (RTHS). The authors developed the procedure of HILS-DPT, and as an actual case e...
This paper proposes a new method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic (PV) system while using a DC-DC boost converter. The conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method has a fast tracking response, but it presents oscillat...
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) has been recommended by ISO 26262 as an essential test bench for determining the safety and reliability characteristics of automotive software systems (ASSs). However, due to the complexity and the huge amount of data recor...
Automated ventilator controllers have the potential to simplify oxygen and carbon dioxide management for trauma. In the pre-hospital or military medicine environment, trauma care can be required for prolonged periods by personnel with limited ventila...
The smart-grid era is characterized by a progressive penetration of distributed energy resources into the power systems. To ensure the safe operation of the system, it is necessary to evaluate the interactions that those devices and their associated...
The fundamental changes in the energy sector, due to the rise of renewable energy resources and the possibilities of the digitalisation process, result in the demand for new methodologies for testing Smart Grid concepts and control strategies. Using...
Required functions of a microgrid become divers because there are many possible configurations that depend on the location. In order to effectively implement the microgrid system, which consists of a microgrid controller and components with distribut...
To support NASA’s mission to use nuclear thermal rockets for future Mars missions, an instrumentation and control test bed has been built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system is designed as a hardware-in-the-loop test bed for testing co...
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction...
With the increasing size and complexity of power systems, it is crucial to have an effective protection system in place to ensure its reliability. One of the important components of the protection system are relays. It is important for a relay to ope...
It is widely recognized that in the transition from conventional electrical power systems (EPSs) towards smart grids, electrical voltage frequency will be greatly affected. This is why this research is extremely valuable, especially since rate-of-cha...
During the inspection stage, an integration test is performed on electronic automobile parts that have passed a unit test. The faults found during this test are reported to the developer, who subsequently modifies the source code. If the tester provi...
To validate safety-related automotive software systems, experimental tests are conducted at different stages of the V-model, which are referred as “X-in-the-loop (XIL) methods”. However, these methods have significant drawbacks in terms o...
Terrestrial radio navigation systems are an important data source for increasing the integrity of position, navigation, and timing information and for strengthening the immunity to the spoofing and jamming of satellite-based systems. A possible solut...
Power systems worldwide are experiencing rapid evolvements with a massive increase of renewable generation in order to meet the ambitious decarbonization targets. A significant amount of renewable generation is from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs...
Initial attitude calibration is a critical yet challenging phase in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing for space docking, often hindered by cumbersome procedures, safety concerns, and reliance on external equipment. This paper introduces a human&ndas...
Experimental work with heating systems installed in public transport vehicles, particularly for optimisation and control design, is a challenging task due to cost and space limitations, primarily imposed by the heating hardware and the need to have a...
Phasor-domain (RMS) simulations have become increasingly vital in modern power system analysis, particularly as the complexity and scale of these systems have expanded with the integration of renewable energy sources. ePHASORSIM, an advanced phasor-b...
This paper deals with the development of a wind turbine pitch control system and the construction of a Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) testbed for the performance test of the pitch control system. When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind spe...
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma, which can often be avoided with proper fluid resuscitation. Fluid administration can be cognitive-demanding for medical personnel as the rates and volumes must be personalized to the traum...
With the widespread adoption of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in smart substations, the real-time data transmission and interoperability features of the IEC 61850 communication standard play a crucial role in ensuring seamless automation syst...
The paper presents a concept and an implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) energy storage test bench. This system permits to simulate energy management strategies or battery models in real time in combination with a real energy storage system...
RTL-level fuzz testing is critical for identifying vulnerabilities in hardware designs. However, existing hardware fuzz testing methods suffer from slow coverage improvement and blind exploration due to the lack of fine-grained control flow guidance....
In the last years, the overall system inertia is decreasing due to the growing amount of energy resources connected to the grid by means of power inverters. As a consequence, reduced levels of inertia can affect the power system stability since sligh...
With increasing changes in the contemporary energy system, it becomes essential to test the autonomous control strategies for distributed energy resources in a controlled environment to investigate power grid stability. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PH...
Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) simulations provide a powerful environment in the critical process of testing new components and controllers. In this work, we aim to explain the impact of time delays in a PHiL setup and recommend how to consider th...
Titanium(IV) solutions are known to detect hydrogen peroxide in solutions by a colorimetric method. Xplosafe’s XploSens PS commercial titanium(IV)-based peroxide detection test strips are used to detect hydrogen peroxide in liquids. The use of...
The power take-off (PTO) of a wave energy converter (WEC) converts mechanical power extracted from the waves into electrical power. Increasing PTO performance under several operational conditions is therefore essential to reduce the levelized cost of...
Consumer electronic manufacturing (CEM) companies face a constant challenge to maintain quality standards during frequent product launches. A manufacturing test verifies product functionality and identifies manufacturing defects. Failure to complete...
This paper addresses the challenge of ensuring quality control for electronic control units (ECUs) in the automotive industry. Traditional hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems, used for software quality assurance, are costly and not always readily avai...
This paper describes a novel approach to assess detection mechanisms and their diagnostic coverage, implemented using embedded software, designed to identify random hardware failures affecting digital components. In the literature, many proposals ado...
Recently developed nacelle test benches for wind turbines, equipped with multi-physics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems, enable advanced testing and even certification of next-generation wind turbines according to IEC61400-21. On the basis of three...
The increase in number of interplanetary probes has emphasized the need for spacecraft autonomy to reduce overall mission costs and to enable riskier operations without ground support. The perception of the external environment is a critical task for...
The purpose of this research is to tackle one of the most difficult issues in the realm of self-driving cars, which is the testing of advanced self-driving application scenarios. Thus, this study proposes a simulation testing system based on hardware...
The Smart Grid is one of the most important solutions to boost electricity sharing from renewable energy sources. Its implementation adds new functionalities to power systems, which increases the electric grid complexity. To ensure grid stability and...
The Smart Grid (SG) is nowadays an essential part of modern society, providing two-way energy flow and smart services between providers and customers. The main drawback is the SG complexity, with an SG composed of multiple layers, with devices and co...
Modern computing systems increasingly rely on specialized hardware accelerators, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), to meet growing computational demands. GPUs are essential for accelerating a wide range of applications, from machine learning...
The energy management strategy (EMS) or power management strategy (PMS) unit is the core of power sharing control in the hybridization of automotive drivetrains in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Once a new topology and its corresponding EMS are vir...
In order to simulate a PHEV’s dynamic characteristics with high fidelity and study the degradation process of a PHEV’s power sources in real-world driving conditions, an Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop (ID-HIL) simulation platfo...
Integration of renewable energy resources and conventional grids leads to an increase in power quality issues. These power quality issues require different standards to be followed for accurate measurement and monitoring of various parameters of the...
This paper presents the use of real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) methods for the validation of an energy management system designed for real low-voltage (LV) distribution networks with a high penetration of renewable e...
This study aims to explore an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on optimal control theory. Considering the limitations of existing control strategies in dealing with signal delays and communication lags, a control strategy...
Batteries are a key element in the development of both battery-operated and hybrid trains. For this type of system, the most common anode choice is LTO (lithium titanate), as the adoption of lithium titanate instead of graphite for anodes ensures an...
Driver behaviour and distraction have been identified as the main causes of rear end collisions. However a promptly issued warning can reduce the severity of crashes, if not prevent them completely. This paper proposes a Forward Collision Warning Sys...
Advanced vehicle technologies that substitute or assist the driver are crucial and safety-critical elements, including independently acting electronic control units. A key element of vehicle road safety is its behavior on the road, influenced by vari...
A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental test-bench is suggested for a rotodynamic pump in this paper. The HIL simulator is composed of two separate modules and two variable-speed drive (VSD) systems that are connected with the help of a programmabl...
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