Psychosis is known as a broad term of symptoms that cause serious disorganization of behavior, thinking, and perception of reality. One of the medicines that recently gained much attention in terms of its psychotic potential is dextromethorphan (DXM)...
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a key factor contributing to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with osteogenic transdifferentiation play a role in vascular calcif...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dextromethorphan (DX), alone and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), on cell viability, apoptosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. PANC-...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and primarily affects older people. The ideal anti-OA drug should have a modest anti-inflammatory effect and only limited or no toxicity for long-term use. Because the antitussive medication dextr...
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is used to treat colds and coughs; however, it can cause central nervous system symptoms, such as severe serotonin syndrome (SS). To our knowledge, there is no specific treatment for severe DXM poisoning, and there are no repor...
The alkaloid tazopsine 1 was introduced in the late 2000s as a novel antiplasmodial hit compound active against Plasmodium falciparum hepatic stages, with the potential to develop prophylactic drugs based on this novel chemical scaffold. However, the...
31 August 2020
The effect of dextromethorphan (DXM) use in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has not been fully examined. We conducted an animal model and nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study to explore the association between DXM use and SNHL. Eight-week-...
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease with a worldwide prevalence of 2–4% that causes scaling erythematous skin lesions. It is a chronic relapsing and complex multifactorial disease that often necessitates long-term therapy. Despite various no...
Over the past few years, the misuse of medications has progressively increased, posing a significant public health concern. This study proposed the development and validation of an alternative and greener analytical method for the determination of de...
Using 2003–2018 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data for office-based visits and 2003–2018 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data for emergency department (ED) visits, we conducted cross-sectional analyses to examin...
Among patients with chronic cough (CC) in the 2012–2021 statewide OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium database, we examined trends in cough medication (CM) prescribing prevalence over time in repeated cross-sectional analyses and identified...
A simple, fast, sensitive and low-cost voltammetric method using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is presented in this work for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PA), dextromethorphan (DX) and caffeine (CF) in...
Jellies for oral administration have been suggested as alternative dosage forms to conventional tablets for improved palatability and compliances for pediatric and geriatric patients. To evaluate the effect of jelly formulation on the bioavailability...
Excessive Ca2+ currents via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been implicated in many disorders. Uncompetitive NMDAR channel blockers are an emerging class of drugs in clinical use for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other neuropsychia...
This article presents a mechanism of action hypothesis to explain the rapid antidepressant effects of esmethadone (REL-1017) and other uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists and presents a corresponding mechanism of disease h...
The seminal paper on the CYP2D6 Activity Score (AS) was first published ten years ago and, since its introduction in 2008, it has been widely accepted in the field of pharmacogenetics. This scoring system facilitates the translation of highly complex...
Introduction: Cough is a common reflex that serves a protective role, but when persistent, it can severely affect patients’ quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, current treatment options remain limited. Traditional antitussives such as...
Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or qu...
Background/Objectives: Index substrates are used to understand the processes involved in pharmacokinetic (PK) drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The aim of this analysis is to review metabolite measurement in clinical DDI studies, focusing on index...
A rapid and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and cytochrome P450 (P450) probe substrates and their phase I metabolite...
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a term used to describe a particular type of major depressive disorder (MDD). There is no consensus about what defines TRD, with various studies describing between 1 and 4 failures of antidepressant therapies,...
Drug metabolic enzymes and transporters are responsible for an important variability in drug disposition. The cocktail approach is a sound strategy for the simultaneous evaluation of several enzyme and transporter activities for a personalized dosage...
We describe a case of a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high-dose systemic methotrexate and intrathecal methotrexate for leukemic relapse of the central nervous system. She developed complete bilateral lower-limb paralys...
Separation of nine commonly used active ingredients in cold medicines, were demonstrated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The ingredients included paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, triprolidine hydrochlor...
Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a complex and debilitating condition that impacts millions of people globally. Although various treatment options exist, their effectiveness is often limited, and they can be accompanied by significant side effects. In recen...
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare inborn error of glycine metabolism that is characterized by the accumulation of glycine in all tissues, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). Based on clinical outcomes, NKH can be divided into two...
Food supplements are used for a variety of purposes, one of which is weight reduction. As excess weight is a long-term condition, some supplements are expected to be used for long periods of time. The long-term use of these dietary supplements makes...
The bitter taste of drugs is an important impediment to medication adherence for pediatric patients. To develop a formulation that can be easily taken by pediatric patients, we prepared film-coated molded tablets to mask their bitterness and investig...
23 July 2021
The misuse of medicines is a global public health concern that needs to be taken into consideration and requires actions across all government sectors and society. The aim of this study is to identify trends of drug abuse in Catalonia, a region of Sp...
The antioxidant activity of molecules constitutes an important factor for the regulation of redox homeostasis and reduction of the oxidative stress. Cells affected by oxidative stress can undergo genetic alteration, causing structural changes and pro...
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in which sufferers exhibit different combinations of movement disorders, dementia, and behavioral or psychiatric abnormalities. The disorder is a result of a trinuc...
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are inhibited by many medicinal drugs. The recent successful repurposing of NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and dextromethorphan for the treatment of major depressive disorder further enhanced the interest in...
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulators are commonly prescribed medications with potentially life-threatening outcomes, particularly serotonin syndrome (SS). Early prediction of SS is critical not only to avoid lethal drug combinations but also to init...
For the last 70 years, we did not move beyond the monoamine hypothesis of depression until the approval of the S-enantiomer of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker and the first non-monoaminergic antidepressant characterized by r...
Pharmacokinetic alterations of medications administered during surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been reported. The impact of CPB on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes’ activity...
Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have emerged as being used recreationally, either on their own or in combination with other substances, both licit and illicit, including new psychoactive substances (NPS). Among them...
Neuropathic pain resulting from injury to the somatosensory nervous system affects approximately 6.9–10% of the general population and significantly impacts quality of life. Common presentations include burning, stabbing, tingling, or electrica...
β-cyclodextrin has a unique annular hollow ultrastructure that allows encapsulation of various poorly water-soluble drugs in the resulting cavity, thereby increasing drug stability. As a bioactive molecule, the metabolism of β-cyclodextrin...
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) contains various phytonutrients for treating many diseases in Asia. To investigate whether orally administered adlay bran oil (ABO) can cause drug interactions, the effects of ABO on the pharmacokineti...
The safety profile of paracetamol and simvastatin is sufficiently well known, although no interactions between these two medicinal products have been described in the scientific literature so far. A 66-year-old female patient who experienced myocardi...
Background: Pediatric syrups are frequently prescribed but may pose a risk to dental enamel due to their acidity and viscosity. Aim: To evaluate the erosive potential of commonly prescribed pediatric syrups on enamel from primary and permanent human...
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease, due to their multifaced and complicated nature, remain uncurable and impose substantial financial and human burdens on society. Therefore, deve...
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is proving to be a pivotal technology for developing personalized dosage forms with bench to bedside feasibility. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing has emerged as the most used technique wherein molten drug-...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly debilitating fatal neurodegenerative disorder, causing muscle atrophy and weakness, which leads to paralysis and eventual death. ALS has a multifaceted nature affected by many pathological mechanisms,...
High levels of oxidative stress are implicated in hypoxia, a physiological response to low levels of oxygen. Evidence supports a connection between this response and depression. Previous studies indicate that tryptophan hydroxylase can be negatively...
One of the major problems facing humanity in all parts of the world is water pollution. Since carbon nanoparticles (CPs) are known for their excellent absorbability, this study explored preparing CPs via a facilitated ball-milling protocol. Four CP p...
Cytochromes P450 are major metabolic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The majority of xenobiotics are metabolized in the liver, in which the highest levels of cytochromes P450 are expressed. Flavonoids are natural compounds t...
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes vary their expression depending on the brain area, the cell type, and the presence of drugs. Some isoforms are involved in detoxification and/or toxic activation of xenobiotics in central nervous system. However, their...
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with an estimated prevalence of between 20 and 30% worldwide. Observational data supported by in vitro and pre-clinical animal models of MAFLD suggest meaningf...
Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug–drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzym...
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