Stainless steel dust (SSD) is a by-product generated during the smelting process of stainless steel, which is rich in valuable metals such as Fe, Cr, Ni, and Mn. To optimize the carbothermic reduction process of SSD, this study first conducted the th...
Residual oxygen in wurtzite-type aluminum nitride (AlN) crystal, which significantly affects phonon transport and crystal growth, is crucial to thermal conductivity and the crystal quality of AlN ceramics. In this study, the effect of residual oxygen...
Submicron-sized TiB2 powders (300 nm–1 μm) were prepared by the reaction of TiC, B4C, and Ca assisted by molten CaCl2. The optimal reaction procedure (1200 °C and 25 wt.% CaCl2 + 25 wt.% Ca) was obtained by exploring the effects of the boronization r...
To reduce solid waste production and enable the synergistic conversion of solid waste into high-value-added products, we introduce a novel, sustainable, and ecofriendly method. We fabricate nanofiber and nanosheet silicon carbides (SiC) through a car...
This paper investigates the use of shop-floor ferrous scrap that contains iron ore as a raw material for the purpose of making steel products through an in situ carbothermic reduction. The technique of powder metallurgy (PM) was used for the purpose...
The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased in recent years. Thus, efficient recycling is important. In this study, the Taguchi method was used to find the optimal selective lithium leaching parameters for spent LIB recycling. Orthogonal ar...
Titanium carbide (TiC) is an important engineering material and has found widespread applications. Currently, TiC is typically synthesized through carbothermal reduction, requiring a high temperature (ca. 1700–2300 °C) and long reaction time (ca. 10–...
Fly ash is a by-product from burning of coal. Utilization of fly ash by carbothermic reduction is an effective way to recover aluminum, silicon, and iron to enhance product-added value. This work is focused on the phase transformation of Al2O3, SiO2...
The effects and reduction mechanisms of carbothermic reduction of vanadium–titanium–magnetite were studied by adding various mass fractions of CaF2 ranging from 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% to 7%. The results showed that the proper CaF2 addition could...
Zinc extraction from oxide ore has been paid more and more attention to due to the exhaustion of zinc sulfide ore resources. In this work, the volatilization kinetics of Zn from the flotation products of low-grade lead–zinc oxide ore during car...
The manufacture of barium sulfide or barium salts (BaS, BaCl2, Ba (OH)2, among others) requires high-purity barite ores (>90%). In this study, a new method to produce barium sulfide from low-grade barite ores (60% purity) is proposed. The method i...
The effects of microwave plasma induction and reduction on the promotion of the carbothermal reduction of iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4) are investigated using in situ emission spectroscopy measurements during 2.45 GHz microwave processing...
The powders of boron carbide are usually synthesized by the carbothermal reduction of boron oxide. As an alternative to high-temperature reactions, the development of the carbothermal reduction of organic precursors to produce B4C is receiving consid...
The solar carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction of both MgO and ZnO were performed in a flexible solar reactor operated at low pressure through both batch and continuous operations. The pyro-metallurgical process is an attractive sustainable pa...
Metal oxide thermal reduction, enabled by microwave-induced plasma, was used to synthesize high entropy borides (HEBs). This approach capitalized on the ability of a microwave (MW) plasma source to efficiently transfer thermal energy to drive chemica...
Aerogels emerge as captivating contenders within the realm of high-temperature thermal resistance and thermal insulation. Nevertheless, their practical applications are usually constrained by their inherent brittleness when subjected to rigorous cond...
Raw material is one of the most decisive factors for the quality of sintered boron carbide (B4C) products, in the past, there were relatively successful efforts for the synthesis of B4C powders via carbothermal reduction approaches. To prepare high-q...
Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) presents a contamination hazard due to its heavy metal leachability. The traditional disposal methods of landfill or stacking not only pose a threat to the environment but also waste metal resources. This paper adopte...
Transition metal carbides have been utilized as an alternative catalyst to expensive noble metals for the conversion of biomass. Tungsten and molybdenum carbides have been shown to be effective catalysts for hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and isom...
The phase evolution mechanism and purification of titanium oxycarbide (TiCxOy) synthesized via the carbothermal reduction of ilmenite are investigated. The reaction process and products of the performed carbothermal reduction are analyzed by means of...
In this work, the carbothermic reduction of iron- and zinc-bearing products is studied through in situ microwave heating, dielectric properties monitoring, and mass spectrometry up to high temperatures (1000 °C). The results are correlated to the...
Understanding of the decisive role of non-isothermal treatment on the interaction mechanism and kinetics of the MoO3-CuO-Mg-C system is highly relevant for the elaboration of optimal conditions at obtaining Mo-Cu composite powder in the combustion pr...
In the recycling of semiconductor materials like Bi2Te3 or CdTe, TeO2 may form as a by-product that can be directly reduced to recover metallic Te. The hydrogen reduction of TeO2 offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional carbothermic reducti...
Nickel laterite ore is divided into three layers and the garnierite examined in this study belongs to the third layer. Garnierite is characterized by high magnesium and silicon contents. The main contents of garnierite are silicates, and nickel, iron...
In this study, the carbothermic reduction and nitridation mechanism of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate are investigated in terms of phase transformation, microstructure transformation, and thermodynamic analyses. The differences in the r...
The carbothermic reduction of slag in silicomanganese production is accompanied by the release of carbon monoxide. This gas can accumulate as bubbles within the slag, leading to foaming and, potentially, disturbances to furnace operation. This study...
Solar carbothermal reduction of volatile metal oxides represents a promising pyro-metallurgical pathway for the sustainable conversion of both metal oxides and sunlight into metal commodities and fuels in a single process. Nevertheless, there are sev...
Light-weight ferro-aluminium alloys are finding increasing application in the transport sector to reduce overall weights, energy costs and CO2 emissions. As the primary production processes of both Fe and Al are among the most energy-intensive indust...
A new approach for the thermal reduction of tin dioxide (SnO2) in the carbon/sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) system is demonstrated. The process of tin smelting was experimentally optimized by adjusting the smelting temperature and amounts of the chemical co...
A new effective method is proposed to prepare vanadium nitride (VN) via carbothermal reduction–nitridation (CRN) of the precursor, obtained by adding carbon black (C) to the stripping solution during the vanadium recovery from black shale. VN was suc...
Tin was recovered in metal from an industrial tin-bearing byproduct containing Na2SO4 by carbothermic reduction smelting, and the effects of basicity (Na2O/SiO2), temperature, and reaction time on the recovery of tin were studied. Na2SO4 was reduced...
Primary battery recycling has important environmental and economic benefits. According to battery sales worldwide, the most used battery type is alkaline batteries with 75% of market share due to having a higher performance than other primary batteri...
Generally in the nickel converter slag, metals are mainly in the form of sulfides, which are difficult to separate from slag. Although metal oxides in the slag, such as NiO, CoO, and Cu2O, are easily reduced into metal using carbon, the presence of s...
Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a zinc-containing solid waste generated during steelmaking, and advanced recycling strategies are needed to facilitate the recovery of valuable zinc. This study investigated the microwave-assisted carbothermic redu...
This work reports the preparation of La2O3 uniformly doped Mo nanopowders with the particle sizes of 40–70 nm by solution combustion synthesis and subsequent hydrogen reduction (SCSHR). To reach this aim, the foam-like MoO2 precursors (20&ndash...
The preparation of a homogeneous mixture of (Al2O3 + C) precursor is the key step for the successful synthesis of AlN powders by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method. In the present work, the homogeneous (Al2O3 + C) precursor prepared by...
The steel micro-alloyed with ferrovanadium nitride has extremely superior properties that make it widely utilized in structural components, construction and aircraft. The conventional methods for synthesizing ferrovanadium nitride include nitridation...
The objective of the present work was to investigate a possible processing route for a currently discarded material, niobium mineral tailings containing rare earth elements, from the largest niobium producer worldwide (CBMM), for use as a raw materia...
As one of the most promising ablative fillers, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been used to improve the ablative resistance of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Monomer (EPDM) insulators by facilitating the carbothermal reduction react...
This study presents the magnesiothermic reduction of silica into silicon. This reduction process occurs at a lower reaction temperature than its carbothermal counterpart. Furthermore, silica was extracted from sugarcane bagasse ash via a thermo-chemi...
Because of the increased demand for preceramic polymers in high-tech applications, there has been growing interest in the synthesis of preceramic polymers, including polysiloxanes and alumina. These polymers are preferred because of their low thermal...
The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction has been receiving increasing attention for its inexpensiveness and high efficiency in water treatment. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed for preparing spherical ZVI/Mn-C bimetallic catalysts with a h...
Aerogels, as a new type of high-temperature-resistant insulation material, find extensive application in aerospace, high-temperature industrial furnaces, new energy batteries, and various other domains, yet still face some limitations such as inadequ...
Manganese ore reduction is quite complex at intermediate reaction temperatures of 1100–1400 °C due to the formation of liquid oxide and/or alloy phases in varying phase proportions and distributions. Evidence in the literature shows that MnO reductio...
This work demonstrates the synthesis of ferromagnetic metallic cobalt nanoparticles embedded in a graphene framework through a graphene-assisted carbothermal reduction process. Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was employed as the starting material, with graphene...
The renewable-energy-driven integration of hydrogen production and biomass conversion into value-added products is desirable for the current global energy transition, but still a challenge. Herein, carbon-coated CoO–Co heterojunction arrays wer...
In this study, powder metallurgy was used to fabricate titanium nitride/nickel metal-matrix composites. First, titanium and nickel powders with weight ratios of 20:80, 50:50 and 80:20 were dry mixed for 24 h. After cold isostatic pressing, the green...
Functional features of Ni-W composite materials combined with successful performance enabled a breakthrough in their broad application. To disclose the formation pathway of Ni-W composite materials at extreme conditions of combustion synthesis in the...
According to the coexistence theory of slag structure, a calculation model for the activity of FeO in the quaternary system SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO of depleted copper slag was established. The model was used to calculate and analyze the effects of tempera...
With the increasing volumes of spent lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles and the concurrent increase in raw materials cost for cathode production, finding effective methods for recycling battery materials has become critically important. Thi...
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