Paediatric brain cancer is the second most common childhood cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Despite significant advancements in the treatment modalities and improvements in the 5-year survival rate, it leaves lon...
Asymmetry is an inherent characteristic of brain organization in both humans and other vertebrate species, and is evident at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural levels. Brain asymmetry underlies the organization of several cognitive sy...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease, and the condition is difficult to assess. In the past, numerous brain dynamics models have made remarkable contributions to neuroscience and the brain from the microcosmic to the macrosc...
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Brain metastases confer extremely poor prognosis due to a lack of understanding of their specific biology, unique physiologic and anatomic features of the brain, and limited tr...
The development of high-throughput approaches for the valid estimation of brain disposition is of great importance in the early drug screening of drug candidates. However, the complexity of brain tissue, which is protected by a unique vasculature for...
The development of brain metastases in patients with advanced stage melanoma is common, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development are poorly understood. Melanoma brain metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality and conf...
Approximately five out of 100,000 children from 0 to 19 years old are diagnosed with a brain tumor. These children are treated with medication designed for adults that are highly toxic to a developing brain. Those that survive are at high risk for a...
Introduction: Brain tumor, marked by abnormal and rapid cell growth, poses severe health risks and requires accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Classifying brain tumors using deep learning techniques applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI...
Investigating the neuronal dynamics supporting brain functions and understanding how the alterations in these mechanisms result in pathological conditions represents a fundamental challenge. Preclinical research on model organisms allows for a multis...
Neurological disorders affect billions of people across the world, making the discovery of effective treatments an important challenge. The evaluation of drug efficacy is further complicated because of the lack of in vitro models able to reproduce th...
The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and ast...
Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the opportunity to treat central nervous system disorders more effectively due to the possibility of drug molecules reaching the brain without passing through the blood–brain barrier. Such a delivery ro...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical physical and chemical barrier that maintains brain homeostasis. Researchers in academia and industry are highly motivated to develop experimental models that can accurately mimic the physiological character...
Brain tumors are unfortunately the most common types of solid tumors in the pediatric population, superseded only by leukemias, and largely bode a poor prognosis. Despite advances in our ability to diagnose and treat pediatric brain tumors, there rem...
The scope of human consciousness includes states departing from what most of us experience as ordinary wakefulness. These altered states of consciousness constitute a prime opportunity to study how global changes in brain activity relate to different...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively rare but highly aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by rapid growth, invasiveness, and resistance to standard therapies. Despite significant progress in understanding its molecular and cellular mechanisms,...
This paper provides an epistemological and methodological analysis of the recent practice of using neural language models to simulate brain language processing. It is argued that, on the one hand, this practice can be understood as an instance of the...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health issue for the worldwide population, as it causes long-term pathological consequences for a diverse group of individuals. We are yet to fully elucidate the significance of TBI polypathologies, such a...
Mutations in the EPM2A and EPM2B genes, encoding laforin and malin proteins respectively, are responsible for Lafora disease, a fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Neuroimaging studies of patients with L...
In this perspective, we congratulate the international efforts to highlight critical challenges in brain tumor research through a recent Consensus Statement. We also illustrate the importance of developing more accurate and clinically relevant early...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that include a variety of forms and clinical phenotypes. This heterogeneity complicates the clinical and experimental approaches to ASD etiology and pathophysiology. To date,...
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the extracellular electric potential of cell cultures or tissues and enable t...
Penetrating brain injuries (PBI) constitute a significant subset of traumatic brain injuries, characterized by high morbidity and mortality due to their unique pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite its clinical prevalence in civilian and military se...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and multifaceted disorder that has become a significant public health concern worldwide due to its contribution to mortality and morbidity. This condition encompasses a spectrum of injuries, including axonal...
The development of brain in vitro models requires the application of novel biocompatible materials and biopolymers as scaffolds for controllable and effective cell growth and functioning. The “ideal” brain in vitro model should demonstrat...
Head impacts are common incidents that may cause traumatic brain injury (TBI), which imposes significant economic and social burdens. This study developed a patient-specific head model to address the significance of the brain’s constitutive mod...
In vitro models of corticogenesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly improved our understanding of human brain development and disease. Among these, 3D cortical organoid systems are able to recapitulate some aspects of in vivo cytoarchit...
The purpose of this paper was to discuss the achievements of in vitro modeling in terms of the blood–brain barrier [BBB] and to create a clear overview of this research area, which is useful in research planning. The text was divided into three...
Background/Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate ex vivo brain slice models in glioblastoma (GBM) research, with a specific focus on tumour invasion, tumour–microenvironment interactions, and therapeutic response. Methods: A system...
The aging of the population is an increasingly serious issue, and many age-related illnesses are on the rise. These illnesses pose a serious threat to the health and safety of elderly individuals and create a serious economic and social burden. Despi...
This article examines the localization errors of equivalent dipolar sources inverted from the surface electroencephalogram in order to determine the feasibility of using their location as classification parameters for non-invasive brain computer inte...
Current available animal and in vitro cell-based models for studying brain-related pathologies and drug evaluation face several limitations since they are unable to reproduce the unique architecture and physiology of the human blood–brain barri...
This paper proposes ensemble strategies for the deep learning object detection models carried out by combining the variants of a model and different models to enhance the anatomical and pathological object detection performance in brain MRI. In this...
Lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality, with a median survival of 8–16 months following diagnosis, despite advances in therapeutic strategies. The development of clinically relevant animal models...
Brain disorders represent 32% of the global disease burden, with 169 million Europeans affected. Constraint-based metabolic modelling and other approaches have been applied to predict new treatments for these and other diseases. Many recent studies f...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the human physiological system such as protection of the central nervous system (CNS) from external materials in the blood vessel, including toxicants and drugs for several neurological disor...
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the national public health agency of the United States, traumatic brain injury is among the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The consequences of TBI include diffu...
Pathophysiology of chronic neurodegeneration is mainly based on complex mechanisms related to aberrant signal transduction, excitation/inhibition imbalance, excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, proteotoxicity and protein misfolding...
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the classification of brain tumor images using five pre-trained vision transformer (ViT) models, namely R50-ViT-l16, ViT-l16, ViT-l32, ViT-b16, and ViT-b32, employing a fine-tuning approach. The objective...
Integration of advanced artificial intelligence with neurotechnology offers transformative potential for assistive communication. This perspective article examines the emerging convergence between non-invasive brain–computer interface (BCI) spe...
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent one of the leading causes of global health burden. Nonetheless, new therapies approved against these disorders are among the lowest compared to their counterparts. The absence of reliable and efficient...
In vitro model systems of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) play an essential role in pharmacological research, specifically during the development and preclinical evaluation of new drug candidates. Within the past decade, the trend in research and...
Human-relevant three-dimensional (3D) models of cerebral tissue can be invaluable tools to boost our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying brain pathophysiology. Nowadays, the accessibility, isolation and harvesting of human neural cell...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a functional interface that provides selective permeability, protection from toxic substances, transport of nutrients, and clearance of brain metabolites. Additionally, BBB disruption has been shown to play a ro...
Lithium has been the most important mood stabilizer used for the treatment of bipolar disorder and prophylaxis of manic and depressive episodes. Despite long use in clinical practice, the exact molecular mechanisms of lithium are still not well ident...
Background/Objectives: Brain tumor classification is a crucial task in medical diagnostics, as early and accurate detection can significantly improve patient outcomes. This study investigates the effectiveness of pre-trained deep learning models in c...
Social robotics, brain machine interfaces and neuro and cognitive enhancement products are three emerging science and technology products with wide-reaching impact for disabled and non-disabled people. Acceptance of ideas and products depend on multi...
This study assesses the predictive performance of six machine learning models and a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in forecasting tumor dynamics within three months following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in 77 brain metastasis (BM) patients...
In recent decades, cell biology has made rapid progress. Cell isolation and cultivation techniques, supported by modern laboratory procedures and experimental capabilities, provide a wide range of opportunities for in vitro research to study physiolo...
Brain models present a viewpoint on the fundamental structural components of the brain and their mutual organization, generally relative to a particular concept of the brain axis. A model may be based on adult brain structure or on developmental morp...
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