Brain organoid technology has revolutionized in vitro modeling of human neurodevelopment and disease, providing unprecedented insights into cortical patterning, neural circuit assembly, and pathogenic mechanisms of neurological disorders. Critically,...
Within the neurovascular unit, brain pericytes (BPs) are of major importance for the induction and maintenance of the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) carried by the brain microvessel endothelial cells (ECs). Throughout barriergenesis, ECs...
Automated analysis of the electroencephalographic (EEG) data for the brain monitoring of preterm infants has gained attention in the last decades. In this study, we analyze the complexity of neonatal EEG, quantified using multiscale entropy. The aim...
The effect of the homocysteine toxicity on both mother and embryo is known to induce disruption of placental blood flow and disturbances of the brain formation in offspring. The mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood and should be studied....
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia causes the disruption of placental blood flow and can lead to serious disturbances in the formation of the offspring’s brain. In the present study, the effects of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on the neurona...
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in quantitative indices of brain volume and cortex development in preterm infants with enlarged subarachnoid space (ESS). Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was performe...
Brain networks are hypothesized to undergo significant changes over development, particularly during infancy. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate brain maturation in the first year of life in terms of electrophysiological (EEG) functional conn...
The aim of this review is to present evidence of the impact of ischemic changes in the blood–brain barrier on the maturation of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration with features of Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the processes involv...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor disorders. PD dementia (PDD) is a cognitive disorder that affects many PD patients. W...
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35), a key component of retromer, plays a crucial role in selective retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional Vps35/retromer is a risk factor for the development of neuro...
Can plasticity be considered as an extension of “immaturity” [...]
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is built up during embryogenesis by neural stem cells located in the periventricular germinal layers which undergo multiple division cycles [...]
Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was...
In vitro models of corticogenesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly improved our understanding of human brain development and disease. Among these, 3D cortical organoid systems are able to recapitulate some aspects of in vivo cytoarchit...
Electroencephalography (EEG) reflects the electrical activity of the brain, which can be considered chaotic and ruled by a nonlinear dynamics. Chickens exhibit a protracted period of maturation, and this temporal separation of the synapse formation a...
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including neuronal migration disorders, are best understood in the context of altered normal development. Neurons normally migrate from their site of origin to their (usually cortical) destination using a wide range of m...
We previously introduced the brain erythropoietin (EPO) circle as a model to explain the adaptive ‘brain hardware upgrade’ and enhanced performance. In this fundamental circle, brain cells, challenged by motor-cognitive tasks, experience functional h...
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables the assessment of changes in brain tissue microstructure during maturation and ageing. In general, patterns of cerebral maturation and decline render non-monotonic lifespan trajectories of DTI metrics with age,...
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a constitutively expressed receptor with observed roles in bone homeostasis, retinal development, and cardiac metabolism. However, the function of LRP5 in the brain remains unexplored. This...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an old-age neurodegenerative disorder; however, AD predisposition may arise early in life. Vascular dysfunction makes a big contribution to AD development. Nonetheless, the possible role of early-life vascular dysfun...
Intrinsic functional connectivity networks derived from different neuroimaging methods and connectivity estimators have revealed robust developmental trends linked to behavioural and cognitive maturation. The present study employed a dynamic function...
The maturation of brain regions involved in emotion regulation—particularly the amygdala and prefrontal cortex—from fetal life to age two is a dynamic process shaped by genetic and environmental factors. Early experiences, especially resp...
The exposure of mouse embryos in utero and primary cortical neurons to ionizing radiation results in the P53-dependent activation of a subset of genes that is highly induced during brain development and neuronal maturation, a feature that these genes...
Diet, dietary practices and exercise are modifiable risk factors for individuals living with mental distress. However, these relationships are intricate and multilayered in such a way that individual factors may influence mental health differently wh...
To develop new rehabilitation therapies for chronic stroke, this study examined the effectiveness of task-specific training (TST) and TST combined with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in chronic stroke recovery. Eight weeks after photothrombotic stro...
Evidence is now growing that exposure to environmental pollutants during the critical early-life period of brain development may contribute to the emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study seeks to compare the developmental neurotoxici...
Preterm infants often require oxygen supplementation, resulting in high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopmental deficits. Despite a growing number of studies, there is still little knowledge about brain injury in BPD models....
The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using...
During embryonic development and adulthood, Reelin exerts several important functions in the brain including the regulation of neuronal migration, dendritic growth and branching, dendritic spine formation, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. As a...
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative stress such as the eye and the brain suggest a unique role of...
Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise as a treatment for auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia, mechanisms through which tDCS may induce beneficial effects remain unclear. Evidence points to the...
The feedback regulatory effects of estrogen (E2) and androgen (T) on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin (GtH) within the brain–pituitary–gonad (BPG) axis in eels with undeveloped ovaries were investigated through i...
The architecture of the human connectome changes with brain maturation. Pivotal to understanding these changes is defining developmental periods when transitions in network topology occur. Here, using 110 resting-state functional connectivity data se...
The strength of inhibitory neurotransmission depends on intracellular neuronal chloride concentration, primarily regulated by the activity of cation–chloride cotransporters NKCC1 (Sodium–Potassium–Chloride Cotransporter 1) and KCC2...
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 act as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism which influences epigenetic mechanisms. We previously showed that an embryofetal deficiency of vitamins B9 and B12 in the rat increased brain expression of let-7a and miR-...
Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and essential for neuronal myelination and maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a mixed-lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish...
Introduction: Learning disabilities (LD) compromise academic achievement in approximately 5–10% of school-aged children, yet the neurophysiological signatures that could facilitate earlier detection or stratification remain poorly defined. Rest...
Aim: To assess the inter-rater agreement and accuracy of human experts’ estimate of EEG maturational age (EMA) and a computer algorithm’s estimate of EMA over the first days after birth in a cohort of normally developing preterm infants....
Several pieces of evidence show that signaling via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as well as inflammation, play a crucial part in the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of our s...
Sleep has beneficial effects on brain function and learning, which are reflected in plastic changes in the cortex. Early childhood is a time of rapid maturation in fundamental skills—e.g., language, cognitive control, working memory—that are predicti...
In fetuses with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), impaired brain growth and brain development starts in utero. A complex interplay between heart, brain, body and placenta takes place in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Altered feta...
The mature brain is the result of a complex neurodevelopmental process resulting from interweaved mechanisms and involving early genetic and microenvironmental factors shaped by patterns of spontaneous electrical activity. During postnatal developmen...
The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a significant role in learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Factors potentially influencing normal development of neurons and glial cells in the DG during its maturation can exer...
Brain development occurs until adulthood, with time-sensitive processes happening during embryo development, childhood, and puberty. During early life and childhood, dynamic changes in the brain are critical for physiological brain maturation, and th...
Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is characterized by hyperkinetic focal seizures, mainly arising in the neocortex during non-rapid eye movements (NREM) sleep. The familial form is autosomal dominant SHE (ADSHE), which can be caused by mutation...
It has been suggested that functional traits of the adult brain—all of which are established early in life—may affect the brain’s susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results of our previous studies on senescence-accele...
Neurogenesis and functional brain activity require complex associations of inherently programmed secretory elements that are regulated precisely and temporally. Family with sequence similarity 19 A1 (FAM19A1) is a secreted protein primarily expressed...
Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conve...
Investigating transcriptomic changes during healthy development and aging provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the maturation of brain functions and drive age-related decline. Although it has been speculated that aging may re...
In the capillary walls, vascular endothelial cells are covered with mural cells, such as smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Although pericytes had been thought to play simply a structural role, emerging evidence has highlighted their multiple functio...
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