In this paper, a novel 3D model is proposed to describe the temperature distribution of the thermoelectric microwave power sensor. In this 3D model, the heat flux density decreases from the upper surface to the lower surface of the GaAs substrate whi...
The thermopile-based thermoelectric sensor has emerged as an important approach for microwave power measurement. It employs the Seebeck effect, which converts the microwave power into the heat and generates the thermovoltage. However, the output ther...
In this paper, the design, fabrication and measurement of a thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor with the terminal load inline self-detection function is proposed. The structure of the sensor mainly includes a coplanar waveguide, a thermopile,...
The issue of energy supply for wireless sensors is becoming increasingly severe with the advancement of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, this paper proposed a thermoelectric self−powered wireless sensor that can harvest industrial waste...
Thermoelectric energy harvesting is emerging as a promising alternative energy source to drive wireless sensors in mechanical systems. Typically, the waste heat from spindle units in machine tools creates potential for thermoelectric generation. Howe...
Energy harvesting (EH) technique has been proposed as a favorable solution for addressing the power supply exhaustion in a wireless sensor node and prolong the operating time for a wireless sensor network. Thermoelectric energy generator (TEG) is a v...
The thermoelectric (TE) fiber, based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which possesses good flexibility, a low cost, good environmental stability and non-toxicity, has attracted more attention due to its promisin...
This paper proposes a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method of thermoelectric power generation for the constant load. This paper reveals the characteristics and the internal resistance of thermoelectric power module (TM). Analyzing...
Wideband and low-loss microwave power measurements are becoming increasingly important for microwave communication and radar systems. To achieve such a power measurement, this paper presents the design and measurement of wideband DC-25 GHz and low-lo...
A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is used for converting temperature difference and into DC directly to electric energy based on the Seebeck effect. This new technology has attracted researchers of sustainable energy. The energy obtained from the TEG...
For an extensive and sustainable deployment of technological ecosystems such as the Internet of Things, it is a must to leverage the free energy available in the environment to power the autonomous sensors. Among the different alternatives, thermal e...
This paper discusses a relationship between thermoelectric generator (TEG) electrical parameters, power efficiency of converters, and power consumption of loads in autonomous sensor modules. Based on the method discussed, one can determine the total...
In this paper, an integrated thermoelectric (TE) and photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy harvesting system (HEHS) is proposed for self-powered internet of thing (IoT)-enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed system can run at a minimum of 0....
Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are widely used in the field of environmental detection; however, they face serious power supply problems caused by the complexity of the environmental layout. In this study, a new ultra-low-power hybrid energy harvesting...
The Internet of Things (IoT) combines various sensors and the internet to form an expanded network, realizing the interconnection between human beings and machines anytime and anywhere. Nevertheless, the problem of energy supply limits the large-scal...
Collecting ambient energy to power various wearable electronics is considered a prospective approach to addressing their energy consumption. Mechanical and thermal energies are abundantly available in the environment and can be efficiently converted...
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) convert a temperature difference into useful direct current (DC) power. TEGs are solid-state semiconductor devices that are generating a lot of interest for energy harvesting purposes in Internet of Things (IoT) appli...
In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary study on the self-powered autonomous wireless sensor node by using thermoelectric energy generator based on Silicon (Si) thermoelectric legs, energy management integrated circuit (EMIC), Radio Fr...
This article proposes the use of a thermoelectric system as an energy-harvesting device for use in industrial refrigeration units. The energy generated by the device in this study can be used for remote, low-power applications, such as frost detectio...
This paper proposes a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for thermoelectric generators (TEG). The new-presented method is based on implementing an indirect open circuit voltage detection and short circuit current estimation methods, wh...
This paper proposes a concept of battery-assisted battery charger with maximum power point tracking for DC energy transducer such as thermoelectric generator and photo voltaic generator, and shows experimental results to prove the concept. The DC ene...
This paper presents an energetically autonomous IoT sensor powered via thermoelectric harvesting. The operation of thermal harvesting is based on maintaining a temperature gradient of at least 26.31 K between the thermoelectric-generator sides. While...
A thin-film thermoelectric generator (TEG) applying a novel folded design where both the heat flux and current flow are in the plane of the thin-film is presented. The performance of the first fabricated devices is demonstrated and the results compar...
This paper reports results of the transient modeling of thermoelectric cooling/heating modules as power generators with the aim to select preferable ones for use in thermal energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes. A study is conducted using t...
The photovoltaic panel has become the most promising alternative technology for energy demand. Solar trackers have been used to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel to maximize the sun’s exposure. In high temperatures, however, the ph...
Bismuth–telluride-based alloys are excellent thermoelectric materials for Peltier modules and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Owing to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for sensors has increased considerably and self-p...
Thermoelectric power generation using human body heat can be applied to wearable sensors, and various applications are possible. Because the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is highly dependent on the thermoelectric material, research on improving the...
Thermoelectric generators can operate at small temperature differences providing enough electricity for low-power electronics, sensors in distribution networks, and biomedical devices. The article presents the obtaining of a thermoelectric generator...
Thermoelectric generators convert heat into a potential difference with arrays of p- and n-type materials, a process that allows thermal energy harvesting and temperature detection. Thermoelectric sensors have attracted interest in relation to the cr...
Hybrid thermoelectric composites consisting of organic ethylene-octene-copolymer matrices (EOC) and embedded inorganic pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers or organic polyaniline and polypyrrole particles were u...
This paper presents a long-term stable thermoelectric micro gas sensor with ligand linked Pt nanoparticles as catalyst. The sensor design gives an excellent homogeneous temperature distribution over the catalytic layer, an important factor for long-t...
The aim of this paper is to compare the power measurement capabilities in millimetre- and sub-millimetre-wave frequency bands of several national metrology institutes and one research institute. The first comparison, in WR-6.5 waveguide (110 GHz to 1...
Solar energy resources have been widely harvested through the use of photovoltaic cells. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is still tricky because the Sun’s heat is rarely considered. This study examined the performance of a photovoltaic-coupled...
Flexible electronics is a field gathering a growing interest among researchers and companies with widely varying applications, such as organic light emitting diodes, transistors as well as many different sensors. If the circuit should be portable or...
Wearable sensors to monitor vital health are becoming increasingly popular both in our daily lives and in medical diagnostics. The human body being a huge source of thermal energy makes it interesting to harvest this energy to power such wearables. T...
The integration of electronic functionalities into textiles for use as wearable sensors, energy harvesters, or coolers has become increasingly important in recent years. A special focus is on efficient thermoelectric materials. Copper iodide as a p-t...
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are significantly attractive for thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which convert thermal energy into electricity via the Seebeck effect. This is because the characteristics of semiconducting SWCN...
This paper presents a thermoelectric gas microsensor with improved stability where platinum nanoparticles linked by bifunctional ligands are used as a catalyst. The sensor design provides a homogeneous temperature field over the membrane, an importan...
The thermoelectric conversion technique has been explored in a broad range of heat-flow sensors. In this context, the Spin Seebeck Effect emerges as an attractive candidate for biosensor applications, not only for the sensibility improvement but also...
Although there is an important lack of commercial thermoelectric applications mainly due to their low efficiency, there exist some cases in which thermoelectric generators are the best option thanks to their well-known advantages, such as reliability...
For the purpose of collecting solar radiation for energy conversion and utilization and improving the output performance of thermoelectric power-generation components, a new solar thermoelectric conversion device based on an all-glass solar heat tran...
Growing energy demands are driving people to generate power in every possible way. New energy sources are needed to plug the energy gap. There is a growing interest in distributed energy generation due to its remarkable advantages such as flexibility...
In this work, a novel multilayer structure thin-film thermoelectric device is proposed for preparing a high performance generator. The result shows that the output voltage of the three-layer thin-film device has a linear increasing trend with the inc...
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with excellent flexibility. In recent years, ionic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the development of tactile sensors owing to their unique properties, such as ionic conductivity and me...
Silicon is the most widely used functional material, as it is geo-abundant and atoxic. Unfortunately, its efficiency as a thermoelectric material is very poor. In this paper, we present and discuss advances of research on silicon and related material...
Wearable thermoelectric generators have great potential to provide power for smart electronic wearable devices and miniature sensors by harnessing the temperature difference between the human body and the environment. However, the Thomson effect, the...
Thermoelectric gas sensor (THGS) devices with catalysts and Si0.8Ge0.2 thin films of different boron doping levels of 1018, 1019, and 1020 cm−3 were fabricated, and their transport properties are investigated. SiGe films were deposited on Si3N4...
An amplitude demodulator with a large dynamic range, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), is proposed in this paper. It is implemented as a cascade of a capacitive and a thermoelectric sensor. Two types of the transducer can improve the me...
During rolling stock operation, various kinds of energy such as vibration, heat, and train-induced wind are dissipated. The amount of energy dissipation cannot be overlooked when a heavy railroad vehicle operates at high speed. Therefore, if the wast...
In this paper, we have designed, analyzed, and characterized a hybrid-type MEMS device for X-band phase shift measurement. The signal related to a phase shift of the inputs is fractionally in-line coupled by a MEMS beam and delivered to a thermoelect...
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