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  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
8,385 Views
22 Pages

Satellite Altimetry: Achievements and Future Trends by a Scientometrics Analysis

  • Lei Yang,
  • Lina Lin,
  • Long Fan,
  • Na Liu,
  • Lingyong Huang,
  • Yongsheng Xu,
  • Stelios P. Mertikas,
  • Yongjun Jia and
  • Mingsen Lin

11 July 2022

Scientometric reviews, facilitated by computational and visual analytical approaches, allow researchers to gain a thorough understanding of research trends and areas of concentration from a large number of publications. With the fast development of s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Satellite Altimetry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,416 Views
22 Pages

Monitoring of Hydrological Resources in Surface Water Change by Satellite Altimetry

  • Wei Li,
  • Xukang Xie,
  • Wanqiu Li,
  • Mark van der Meijde,
  • Haowen Yan,
  • Yutong Huang,
  • Xiaotong Li and
  • Qianwen Wang

30 September 2022

Satellite altimetry technology has unparalleled advantages in the monitoring of hydrological resources. After decades of development, satellite altimetry technology has achieved a perfect integration from the geometric research of geodesy to the natu...

(This article belongs to the Topic Applications of Geodesy in Meteorological, Hydrological and Climatic Environments)
  • Review
  • Open Access
46 Citations
6,435 Views
21 Pages

A Review of Marine Gravity Field Recovery from Satellite Altimetry

  • Zhen Li,
  • Jinyun Guo,
  • Bing Ji,
  • Xiaoyun Wan and
  • Shengjun Zhang

25 September 2022

Marine gravity field recovery relies heavily on satellite altimetry. Thanks to the evolution of altimetry missions and the improvements in altimeter data processing methods, the marine gravity field model has been prominently enhanced in accuracy and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Satellite Altimetry)
  • Review
  • Open Access
44 Citations
13,148 Views
19 Pages

9 August 2023

More than 30 years of observations from an international suite of satellite altimeter missions continue to provide key data enabling research discoveries and a broad spectrum of operational and user-driven applications. These missions were designed t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oceans from Space V)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,068 Views
31 Pages

An Action Plan Towards Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Altimetry

  • Stelios P. Mertikas,
  • Craig Donlon,
  • Pierrik Vuilleumier,
  • Robert Cullen,
  • Pierre Féménias and
  • Achilles Tripolitsiotis

23 August 2019

Satellite altimeters have been producing, as of 1992, an amazing and historic record of sea level changes. As Europe moves into full operational altimetry, it has become imperative that the quality of these monitoring signals with their uncertainties...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,552 Views
22 Pages

Impact of Satellite Attitude on Altimetry Calibration with Microwave Transponders

  • Costas Kokolakis,
  • Dimitrios Piretzidis and
  • Stelios P. Mertikas

16 December 2022

Satellite altimetry plays a key role in monitoring changes in sea level and climate change. The quality of satellite altimetry products is commonly ensured through dedicated calibration. One such calibration is with microwave transponders acting as g...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Satellite Altimetry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
315 Views
26 Pages

2 July 2026

For small-satellite imagery, traditional image points derived from the direct back-projection of laser altimetry points onto the imagery often exhibit deviations of tens of pixels or more, owing to the relatively limited attitude and orbit determinat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Algorithms and Techniques for Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,501 Views
22 Pages

Influence of Atmospheric Scattering on the Accuracy of Laser Altimetry of the GF-7 Satellite and Corrections

  • Jiaqi Yao,
  • Xinming Tang,
  • Guoyuan Li,
  • Jiyi Chen,
  • Zhiqiang Zuo,
  • Bo Ai,
  • Shuaitai Zhang and
  • Jinquan Guo

29 December 2021

Satellite laser altimetry can obtain sub-meter or even centimeter-scale surface elevation data over large areas, but it is inevitably affected by scattering caused by clouds, aerosols, and other atmospheric particles. This laser ranging error caused...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Altimetry and 3D Mapping in Planetary Exploration: Methods and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,400 Views
20 Pages

Satellite Altimetry and Seasonal Circulation in the Ligurian Sea

  • Paola Picco,
  • Roberto Nardini,
  • Luca Repetti and
  • Stefano Vignudelli

11 December 2024

Satellite altimetry observations are checked against in situ measurements to assess the capability of this remote sensing technique to describe the surface circulation in the Ligurian Sea. CTD profiles were collected during five oceanographic campaig...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,953 Views
18 Pages

10 December 2021

Satellite altimetry is an efficient instrument for detection dynamical processes in the World Ocean, including reconstruction of geostrophic currents and tracking of mesoscale eddies. Satellite altimetry has the potential to detect large river plumes...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Ocean and Sea Ice Dynamics in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,864 Views
18 Pages

On the Contribution of Satellite Altimetry-Derived Water Surface Elevation to Hydrodynamic Model Calibration in the Han River

  • Youjiang Shen,
  • Dedi Liu,
  • Liguang Jiang,
  • Jiabo Yin,
  • Karina Nielsen,
  • Peter Bauer-Gottwein,
  • Shenglian Guo and
  • Jun Wang

14 December 2020

Satellite altimetry can fill the spatial gaps of in-situ gauging networks especially in poorly gauged regions. Although at a generally low temporal resolution, satellite altimetry has been successfully used for water surface elevation (WSE) estimatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,416 Views
19 Pages

27 October 2020

Imaging Radar Altimeter (IRA) is the current development tendency for ocean surface topography (OST) altimetry, which utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometry to improve the spatial resolution of OST to several kilometers or even be...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced RF Sensors and Remote Sensing Instruments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,603 Views
16 Pages

A VGGNet-Based Method for Refined Bathymetry from Satellite Altimetry to Reduce Errors

  • Xiaolun Chen,
  • Xiaowen Luo,
  • Ziyin Wu,
  • Xiaoming Qin,
  • Jihong Shang,
  • Bin Li,
  • Mingwei Wang and
  • Hongyang Wan

24 November 2022

Only approximately 20% of the global seafloor topography has been finely modeled. The rest either lacks data or its data are not accurate enough to meet practical requirements. On the one hand, the satellite altimeter has the advantages of large-scal...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Orbit Determination of Satellites)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,711 Views
17 Pages

Sea Level Fusion of Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Data by Deep Learning in the Mediterranean Sea

  • Lianjun Yang,
  • Taoyong Jin,
  • Xianwen Gao,
  • Hanjiang Wen,
  • Tilo Schöne,
  • Mingyu Xiao and
  • Hailan Huang

28 February 2021

Satellite altimetry and tide gauges are the two main techniques used to measure sea level. Due to the limitations of satellite altimetry, a high-quality unified sea level model from coast to open ocean has traditionally been difficult to achieve. Thi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Satellite Altimetry: Technology and Application in Geodesy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
13,784 Views
19 Pages

Water Level Fluctuations in the Congo Basin Derived from ENVISAT Satellite Altimetry

  • Mélanie Becker,
  • Joecila Santos Da Silva,
  • Stéphane Calmant,
  • Vivien Robinet,
  • Laurent Linguet and
  • Frédérique Seyler

29 September 2014

In the Congo Basin, the elevated vulnerability of food security and the water supply implies that sustainable development strategies must incorporate the effects of climate change on hydrological regimes. However, the lack of observational hydro-clim...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earth Observation for Water Resource Management in Africa)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,749 Views
22 Pages

Diverse Techniques in Estimating Integrated Water Vapor for Calibration and Validation of Satellite Altimetry

  • Stelios P. Mertikas,
  • Craig Donlon,
  • Achilles Tripolitsiotis,
  • Costas Kokolakis,
  • Antonio Martellucci,
  • Ermanno Fionda,
  • Maria Cadeddu,
  • Dimitrios Piretzidis,
  • Xenofon Frantzis and
  • Pierre Femenias
  • + 1 author

11 August 2025

In satellite altimetry calibration, the atmosphere’s integrated water vapor content has been customarily derived through the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), principally over land where the satellite radiometer is not operational. Pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Satellite Geodesy for Sea-Level Change Observation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,370 Views
16 Pages

10 October 2024

A satellite altimetry mission can measure high-precision sea surface height (SSH) to recover a marine gravity field. The reference gravity field model plays an important role in this recovery. In this paper, reference gravity field models with differ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Applications in Ocean Observation (Third Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,201 Views
17 Pages

Satellite Laser Altimetry Data-Supported High-Accuracy Mapping of GF-7 Stereo Images

  • Changru Liu,
  • Ximin Cui,
  • Li Guo,
  • Ling Wu,
  • Xinming Tang,
  • Shuhan Liu,
  • Debao Yuan and
  • Xia Wang

19 November 2022

GaoFen 7 (GF-7) is China’s first submeter high-resolution stereo mapping satellite with dual-linear-array cameras and a laser altimeter system onboard for high-precision mapping. To further take advantage of the very high elevation accuracy of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,449 Views
13 Pages

17 October 2023

Impact and risk assessments in coastal areas are informed by current and future sea level rise and acceleration, which demands a better understanding of drivers for regional sea level acceleration. In our study, we analyze the near-coastal sea level...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Water Cycle and Climate Change (2nd Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,521 Views
19 Pages

12 October 2020

Remote sensing data are essential for monitoring the Earth’s surface waters, especially since the amount of publicly available in-situ data is declining. Satellite altimetry provides valuable information on the water levels and variations of la...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,660 Views
19 Pages

4 August 2021

To ensure the accuracy of large-scale optical stereo image bundle block adjustment, it is necessary to provide well-distributed ground control points (GCPs) with high accuracy. However, it is difficult to acquire control points through field measurem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,710 Views
19 Pages

5 February 2018

Two remote sensing methods, satellite altimetry and 4D-Var assimilation of satellite imagery, are used to compute surface velocity fields in the Black Sea region. Surface currents derived from the two methods are compared for several cases with inten...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,406 Views
26 Pages

30 December 2020

Coastal flooding and retreat are markedly enhanced by sea-level rise. Thus, it is crucial to determine the sea-level variation at the local scale to support coastal hazard assessment and related management policies. In this work we focus on sea-level...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,330 Views
26 Pages

27 September 2017

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission is able to observe the global large-scale mass and water cycle for the first time with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, no other time-varying gravity fields validate G...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Methods and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,542 Views
18 Pages

31 March 2015

This study successfully uses satellite altimetry, including Topex/Poseidon and Jason-2, retrieved by novel retrackers to monitor vertical land motions in Southwestern Taiwan. Satellite altimetry was originally designed to measure open oceans, so wave...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,694 Views
23 Pages

19 February 2020

For low Earth orbiting satellites, non-gravitational forces cause one of the largest perturbing accelerations. During a precise orbit determination (POD), the accurate modeling of the satellite-body attitude and solar panel orientation is important s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Satellite Altimetry and Its Application)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
11,145 Views
22 Pages

Estimating River Depth from SWOT-Type Observables Obtained by Satellite Altimetry and Imagery

  • Mohammad J. Tourian,
  • Omid Elmi,
  • Abolfazl Mohammadnejad and
  • Nico Sneeuw

30 September 2017

The proposed Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to improve spaceborne estimates of river discharge through its measurements of water surface elevation, river width and slope. SWOT, however, will not observe baseflow depth, which l...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
3,955 Views
16 Pages

12 December 2022

Satellite altimetry can provide long-term water level time series for water bodies lacking hydrological stations. Few studies have evaluated the performance of HY-2C and Sentinel-6 satellites in inland water bodies, as they have operated for less tha...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for Hydrogeological/Hydrological Modelling and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
12,951 Views
18 Pages

Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue GI for Disaster Management)
  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,988 Views
22 Pages

7 August 2024

The development of satellite altimetry has significantly advanced the application of satellite Earth observation technologies in surface water monitoring, resulting in a substantial body of research. Although numerous reviews have summarized progress...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Understanding Global Sea Level Rise Using Space and Earth Observations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,389 Views
15 Pages

The sea surface is variable in time and space; therefore, many researchers are currently interested in searching for dependencies and connections with the elements influencing this diversity, e.g., with the seabed topography. An important problem is...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,532 Views
31 Pages

20 August 2020

Despite increasing interest in monitoring the global water cycle, the availability of in situ gauging and discharge time series is decreasing. However, this lack of ground data can partly be compensated for by using remote sensing techniques to obser...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,399 Views
20 Pages

Monitoring the Arctic Seas: How Satellite Altimetry Can Be Used to Detect Open Water in Sea-Ice Regions

  • Felix L. Müller,
  • Denise Dettmering,
  • Wolfgang Bosch and
  • Florian Seitz

1 June 2017

Open water areas surrounded by sea ice significantly influence the ocean-ice-atmosphere interaction and contribute to Arctic climate change. Satellite altimetry can detect these ice openings and enables one to estimate sea surface heights and further...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Satellite Altimetry for Earth Sciences)
  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,513 Views
14 Pages

19 September 2022

With the increasing number of reservoirs on the Nile River Basin, it has become important to understand the reservoir operations in the basin for coordinated water management among the various countries. With the lack of a proper framework for data s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,154 Views
26 Pages

4 February 2023

At present, some mapping satellites, such as GaoFen-7 and ZiYuan3-03, are equipped with both optical stereo cameras and laser altimeters that can synchronously obtain stereo images and sparse ground laser altimetry points (LAPs). To effectively impro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
16,310 Views
24 Pages

13 August 2014

This paper presents the feasibility of estimating discharges from Roseires Reservoir (Sudan) for the period from 2002 to 2010 and Aswan High Dam/Lake Nasser (Egypt) for the periods 1999–2002 and 2005–2009 using satellite altimetry and imagery with li...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earth Observation for Water Resource Management in Africa)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,131 Views
28 Pages

Performance of Multi-Antenna GNSS Buoy and Co-Located Mooring Array Deployed Around Qianliyan Islet for Altimetry Satellite Calibration

  • Bin Guan,
  • Zhongmiao Sun,
  • He Huang,
  • Zhenhe Zhai,
  • Xiaogang Liu,
  • Jian Ma,
  • Lingyong Huang,
  • Zhiyong Huang,
  • Mingda Ouyang and
  • Lei Yang
  • + 2 authors

15 October 2025

To evaluate the prospects of multi-antenna GNSS buoy and mooring array in ocean altimetry satellite calibration, experiments are conducted in the ocean around Qianliyan islet in China’s Yellow Sea. The trials aim to validate the feasibility of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Hydrological Monitoring and Prediction Through Multisource Geodetic Observations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,909 Views
63 Pages

11 February 2025

Recent advancements in satellite Earth observation (EO) technology have significantly improved the accuracy and density of data available for monitoring rivers and streams, as well as for diagnosing errors in hydraulic models. Laser and radar altimet...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Water Resources and Water Environmental Monitoring with Remote Sensing Techniques)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,044 Views
19 Pages

2 May 2020

Satellite altimetry has been effectively used for monitoring lake level changes in recent years. This work focused on the integration of multiple satellite altimetry datasets from ICESat-1, Envisat and Cryosat-2 for the long-term (2002–2017) ob...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lake Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,442 Views
26 Pages

There is a dearth of studies characterizing historical sea level variability at the local scale for the islands in the Caribbean. This is due to the lack of reliable long term tide gauge data. There is, however, a significant need for such studies gi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Rise: Drivers, Variability and Impacts)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,449 Views
24 Pages

Global Validation of the Version F Geophysical Data Records from the TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimetry Satellite Mission

  • Linda Forster,
  • Jean-Damien Desjonquères,
  • Matthieu Talpe,
  • Shailen D. Desai,
  • Hélène Roinard,
  • François Bignalet-Cazalet,
  • Philip S. Callahan,
  • Josh K. Willis,
  • Nicolas Picot and
  • Thierry Guinle
  • + 1 author

12 July 2025

We present the validation of the latest version F Geophysical Data Records (GDR-F) for the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetry satellite mission. The GDR-F products represent a major evolution with respect to the preceding version B Merged Geophysical Dat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
9,745 Views
19 Pages

Assessment of the Impact of Reservoirs in the Upper Mekong River Using Satellite Radar Altimetry and Remote Sensing Imageries

  • Kuan-Ting Liu,
  • Kuo-Hsin Tseng,
  • C. K. Shum,
  • Chian-Yi Liu,
  • Chung-Yen Kuo,
  • Ganming Liu,
  • Yuanyuan Jia and
  • Kun Shang

28 April 2016

Water level (WL) and water volume (WV) of surface-water bodies are among the most crucial variables used in water-resources assessment and management. They fluctuate as a result of climatic forcing, and they are considered as indicators of climatic i...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing in Tibet and Siberia)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,979 Views
20 Pages

2 November 2019

Sea level change is a key indicator of climate change, and the prediction of sea level rise is one of most important scientific issues. In this paper, the gridded sea level anomaly (SLA) data from satellite altimetry are used to analyze the sea level...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Climate Change)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,408 Views
19 Pages

24 July 2022

River discharges are critical for understanding hydrologic and ecological systems, yet in situ data are limited in many regions of the world. While approximating river discharge using satellite-derived water surface characteristics is possible, the k...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,304 Views
17 Pages

23 October 2019

High spatial resolution Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) sea surface altimetry is of great significance for extracting precise information from sea surface topography. The nadir antenna is one of the key payloads for the GNSS...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Navigation Satellite Systems for Earth Observing System)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,329 Views
13 Pages

12 December 2019

As global navigation satellite system (GNSS)stations are sparsely distributed in oceanic area, oceanic areas usually have lower precision than continental areas on a global ionosphere maps (GIM). On the other hand, space-borne observations like satel...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,372 Views
24 Pages

2 June 2021

The main aim of the article was to analyse the actual accuracy of determining the vertical movements of the Earth’s crust (VMEC) based on time series made of four measurement techniques: satellite altimetry (SA), tide gauges (TG), fixed GNSS stations...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Area Observations Based on Satellite Altimetry Data)
  • Letter
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,604 Views
12 Pages

28 November 2019

Rising sea levels amplify the threat and magnitude of storm surges in coastal areas. The U.S. east coast region north of Cape Hatteras has shown a significant sea level rise acceleration and is believed to be a “hot-spot” for accelerating...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for Marine Environmental Disaster Response)
  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
7,428 Views
22 Pages

23 January 2016

This study investigates the potential of satellite altimetry for water level time series estimation of smaller inland waters where only very few measurements above the water surface are available. A new method was developed using off-nadir measuremen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,257 Views
16 Pages

5 September 2024

A comprehensive analysis was carried out to investigate the driving factors and influencing mechanisms of spatiotemporal variation of sea level at multiple scales in the East China Sea (ECS) via satellite altimetry datasets from 1993 to 2020. Based o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Environmental Monitoring)

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