Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, particularly Particle Number (PN) emissions, have been studied intensively in both academia and industry because of the adverse effects of ultrafine PM emissions on human...
Brake particle emissions number (PN) and mass (PM) of a light-duty hybrid-electric vehicle have been assessed under realistic driving patterns on a chassis dynamometer. Therefore, the front-right disc brake was enclosed in a specifically designed cas...
Although the chassis dynamometer type approval test considers real-world conditions, there are a few limitations to the experimental test environment that may affect gaseous or particulate emissions such as road conditions, traffic, decreasing tire p...
30 May 2020
The particle number (PN) emissions of vehicles equipped with particulate filters are low. However, there are technologies that can have high PN levels, especially below the currently lower regulated particle size of 23 nm. Sub-23-nm particles are als...
Three TOP TIERTM gasoline deposit control additives (DCAs) of differing chemistries were tested for their impact on particulate matter emissions in terms of particulate mass (PM) and particle number (PN) at operating conditions representative of road...
Brake wear emissions with a special focus on particle number (PN) concentrations were investigated during a chassis dynamometer measurement campaign. A recently developed, well-characterized, measurement approach was applied to measure brake particle...
As the world transitions to decarbonized fuels, understanding the impact of engine oil on emissions remains crucial. Lubricant-derived particulate emissions can influence air quality and regulatory compliance in future transport. Researchers have pre...
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) show a high pollutant emission variability that strongly depends on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, studies indicate that driving situations outside of the real drivin...
Increasing aviation activities have heightened concerns about particulate emissions from aircraft engines. Current ICAO standards mainly focus on large civil turbofan engines, leaving a gap in the research on PN emissions from small aircraft engines....
Onboard measurement of non-volatile particle number (PN) emissions with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) was introduced for the type-approval of passenger cars in Europe since 2017 and is foreseen for heavy-duty (HD) vehicles in 2021. Fi...
The penetration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the market is growing fast. However, in the current inspection/maintenance (I/M) regulation for these vehicles, particulate emissions were capped with smoke opacity, which is incompetent to iden...
This study investigates the relationship between exhaust gas composition, particle number (PN) emissions, and soot microstructure of a 1.9 L compression-ignition engine operated under six controlled steady-state load regimes at 2000 min−1. Unli...
Particle number concentration (PN) in vehicle exhaust and ambient air describes the number of ultrafine particles (UFPs) below 500 nm, which are recognized as a toxic and carcinogenic component of pollution and are regulated in several countries. Met...
Luminescent copper(I) complexes showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have developed to attractive emitter materials for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we study the brightly luminescent dimer Cu2Cl2(P∩N)2 (P∩N...
Tailpipe emissions of a pool of 13 Euro 6b light-duty vehicles (eight diesel and five gasoline-powered) were measured over an extensive experimental campaign that included laboratory (chassis dynamometer), and on-road tests (using a portable emission...
We present an overview over eight brightly luminescent Cu(I) dimers of the type Cu2X2(P∩N)3 with X = Cl, Br, I and P∩N = 2-diphenylphosphino-pyridine (Ph2Ppy), 2-diphenylphosphino-pyrimidine (Ph2Ppym), 1-diphenylphosphino-isoquinoline (Ph2Piqn) inclu...
Although technical improvements to engines and aftertreatment systems have the greatest impact on pollutant emissions, there is also potential for reducing emissions through driver behavior. This potential can be realized in the very short term, whil...
The real driving emission (RDE) test is the test for vehicle type approval in the China VI emission standard and is one of the most important indicators for assessing the environmental performance of vehicles. To investigate the feasibility of shorte...
Understanding the transition from the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) to the Planetary Nebula (PN) phase is crucial for advancing our knowledge of galaxy evolution and the chemical enrichment of the universe. In this manuscript, we analyze 137 carbon-r...
This study aimed to investigate the interrelationships between key harmful emission components, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate numbers (PNs) in diesel engine exhaust and the control actuators of diesel engines. This research involved conducti...
A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is an exhaust after-treatment device designed to capture and store exhaust particulate matter, such as soot and ash, to reduce emissions from diesel-powered vehicles. A DPF has a finite capacity and typically uses a...
To evaluate regulated gases and solid particle number (SPN) emissions in high-load off-cycle conditions, two diesel vehicles with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, respectively, and four gasoline...
To achieve the goal of climate neutrality set by the European Union, it is important to find an efficient strategy to simultaneously lower nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and particle emissions. When a portion of exhaust gas is reintroduced back int...
Thousands of particle number (PN) counters have been introduced to the European market, following the implementation of PN tests during the periodic technical inspection (PTI) of diesel vehicles equipped with particulate filters. Expanding the PN-PTI...
Particulate and gaseous emissions were studied from a large two-stroke slow-speed diesel engine equipped with an open-loop scrubber, installed on a 78,200 metric tonnes (deadweight) containership, under real operation. This paper presents the on-boar...
The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At the same time, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines started...
Vehicular particle number (PN) emissions have garnered increasing attention. In this study, nine light-duty vehicles, involving conventional internal combustion engine gasoline vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), underwent testing o...
Particle number (PN) emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) during engine ignition and re-ignition events are an important but scarcely reported area. The objectives of the present work are to study the effects of drive cycle properties on the...
All modern diesel vehicles in Europe are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and their particle number (PN) emissions at the tailpipe are close to ambient air levels. After the Dieselgate scandal for high NOx emissions of diesel vehicles...
A Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, C...
The forthcoming implementation of the China VI emission regulations, which are currently the most stringent around the world targeted at light-duty gasoline engine vehicles, will not only further restrict the emissions of gaseous pollutants, but also...
With the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs), the particle number (PN) emissions of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) vehicles are below the European regulatory limit of 6 × 1011 p/km under certification conditions. Nevertheless, concer...
Vehicle exhaust emissions have seriously affected air quality and human health, and understanding the emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants can promote emission reductions. In this study, a chassis dynamometer was used to study the emission...
Nitrogen (N) inputs and land-use conversion are management practices that affect soil greenhouse gas (GHG) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Here, we measured soil methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and NO fluxes from rice fields and a peach orchard...
The stringency of vehicle exhaust emissions regulations resulted in a significant decrease in exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions over the years. Non-exhaust particles (i.e., from brakes and tyres) account for almost half or more of road transp...
Diesel-fueled vehicles have classically had high particulate and NOx emissions. The introduction of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOx (SCR) systems have decreased the Particle Number (PN) and NOx emissions, r...
With its high cetane number and oxygen content, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODE) can promote engine combustion and reduce particulate emissions, which has become a key research object of diesel surrogate fuel. This study further explores the ef...
The amount of hybrid vehicles and their contribution have increased in the global market. They are a promising aspect for a decrease in emissions. Different tests are used to determine the factors of such emissions. The goal of the present study was...
In the China VI regulations for light-duty vehicles, the (RDE) test is introduced as a supplementary test procedure. In the actual test process, the RDE results are more significantly influenced by driving behavior and vehicle type. To reduce the tes...
Urea regulators (UR) have generally been employed against diesel trucks to save urea usage and thus contribute to the reduction in excessive emissions, while their usage is generally difficult to supervise and enforce. By conducting real driving emis...
This study aims to examine the particle number (PN) emissions of a retrofitted heavy-duty spark ignition (HD-SI) engine powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) under both steady-state and transient conditions. The engine was tested under seven stead...
Emissions of brake-wear particles are commonly associated with vehicular traffic. We investigated the feasibility of quantifying brake-wear particle emissions under realistic vehicle driving and braking conditions with a currently used regenerative f...
A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is an after-treatment device designed to capture and store exhaust particulate matter emitted by diesel vehicles. DPFs are damaged owing to complex reasons, such as regeneration processes and loads generated during d...
For the type approval of compression ignition (diesel) and gasoline direct injection vehicles, a particle number (PN) limit of 6 × 1011 p/km is applicable. Diesel vehicles in circulation need to pass a periodical technical inspection (PTI) test...
Previous works on real-world vehicle emission characteristics have mainly focused on the influences of fuel, speed, vehicle type, elevation, and other factors on vehicle emission quantity and components. However, few studies have investigated the tra...
To utilize the high efficiency of gasoline direct injection (GDI) and solve the high particulate number (PN) issue, hydrogen-rich syngas has been adopted as a favorable sustainable fuel. This paper compares and analyzes the effects of the injection c...
Mobile measurement of particle number concentration (PN) in the exhaust of motor vehicles has recently become an integral part of emission legislation. Charge-based sensing techniques for the examination of PN, like Diffusion Charging (DC), represent...
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE), as the most potential oxygenated alternative fuel for diesel engines, is widely investigated. Considering the importance of research on real driving emissions (RDE) and the few studies focus on the emission ch...
Since 2011, Euro 5b European standard limits the particle number (PN) emissions in addition to the particulate matter (PM) emissions. New thermal engines equipped vehicles have to auto-diagnose their own Diesel particulate filter (DPF) using on-board...
Increasing the biodiesel content of diesel fuels is encouraged because of its reduced carbon footprint. Pure rapeseed methyl ester (RME)and used cooking oil methyl ester (UCOME) are characterised by well-to-tank greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions of 54%...
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