Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a severe communicable immune deficiency disease caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The analysis laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection is a crucial aspect of controlling AIDS. The p24 antig...
The early detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is of paramount importance to achieve efficient therapeutic treatment and limit the disease spreading. In this perspective, the assessment of biosensing assay for the HIV-1 p24 capsid prot...
Background: HIV p24 is an extracellular HIV antigen involved in viral replication. Falling p24 antibody responses are associated with clinical disease progression and their preservation with non-progressive disease. Stimulation of p24 antibody produc...
An ultrasensitive portable electrochemical immunosensor for human immunodeficiency virus p24 (HIV p24) antigen detection has been developed, whereby the detection sensitivity was 1000 times higher than that of the ELISA method. Firstly, a novel HRP e...
As part of the Pr55Gag polyprotein, p6 fulfills an essential role in the late steps of the replication cycle. However, almost nothing is known about the functions of the mature HIV-1 p6 protein. Recently, we showed that p6 is a bona fide substrate of...
Processing of unintegrated linear HIV-1 cDNA by the host DNA repair system results in its degradation and/or circularization. As a consequence, deficient viral cDNA integration generally leads to an increase in the levels of HIV-1 cDNA circles contai...
Transcription is a crucial step in the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) and is primarily involved in the maintenance of viral latency. Both viral and cellular transcription factors, including transcriptional activators, s...
The virus–host relationship is indispensable for executing successful viral infection. The pathogenesis of HIV is determined by an intricate interaction between the host and the virus for the regulation of HIV infection, thereby influencing var...
Unmanaged sudden withdrawal from the excessive consumption of alcohol (ethanol) adversely alters neuronal integrity in vulnerable brain regions such as the cerebellum, hippocampus, or cortex. In addition to well known hyperexcitatory neurotransmissio...
Alcohol misuse is twice as prevalent among people living with HIV (PWH), and this increases the risk of pulmonary complications even in those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Our prior work showed that the alcohol metabolite, acetaldehyde, activates...
The ongoing development of drug resistance in HIV continues to push for the need of alternative drug targets in inhibiting HIV. One such target is the Reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme which is unique and critical in the viral life cycle—a rati...
HIV-associated cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Although antiretroviral drugs suppress the viral load, they fail to remove the virus entirely. HIV-1 Nef protein is known to play a role in...
In this study, the HIV-1 P18I10 CTL peptide derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and the T20 anti-fusion peptide of HIV-1 gp41 were inserted into the HPV16 L1 capsid protein to construct chimeric HPV:HIV (L1:P18I10 and L1:T20) VLPs by using the ma...
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains the most common malignancy and cause of death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-positive individuals, its prevalence remaining even after the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The mech...
Dendritic cells (DCs), as well as complement, play a major role during human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) entry and infection at mucosal sites. Together, DCs and complement are key points for understanding host defence against HIV-1 infection and...
Allosteric integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs), which are promising preclinical compounds that engage the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 binding site on IN, can inhibit different aspects of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) re...
p17, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) matrix protein traditionally associated with viral assembly, has been recently investigated for its extracellular functions linked to vascular damage. This review examines the molecular and pathoge...
Despite effective treatment for those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), there are still two million new infections each year. Protein-based HIV entry inhibitors, being highly effective and specific, could be used to protect people from...
The HIV-1 Gag p6 protein regulates the final abscission step of nascent virions from the cell membrane by the action of its two late (l-) domains, which recruit Tsg101 and ALIX, components of the ESCRT system. Even though p6 consists of only 52 amino...
Productive transcription of the integrated HIV-1 provirus is restricted by cellular factors that inhibit RNA polymerase II elongation. The viral Tat protein overcomes this by recruiting a general elongation factor, P-TEFb, to the TAR RNA element that...
Background: External guide sequences (EGSs) are small RNA molecules capable of hybridizing to a target mRNA and rendering the target RNA susceptible to degradation by ribonuclease P (RNase P), a tRNA processing enzyme. Methods: In this study, natural...
Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the survival of HIV-1-infected individuals, non-AIDS-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in HIV-1-infected patients. Persistent abnormalities in coagul...
The “block and lock” strategy is one approach that might elicit a sterilizing cure for HIV-1 infection. The “block” refers to a compound’s ability to inhibit latent HIV-1 proviral transcription, while the “lock&rdq...
The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) still represents a global public health issue of major concern, and would benefit from unveiling unique viral features as targets for drug design. In this respect, HIV-1 integrase (IN), due to the abse...
HIV-1 CRF07_BC is a recombinant virus with amino acid (a.a.) deletions in p6Gag, which are overlapped with the Alix-binding domain. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a β-galactose binding lectin, has been reported to interact with Alix and regulate HIV-1 subty...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) matrix protein p17 (p17) is released from infected cells as a protein capable of deregulating the biological activity of different cells. P17 variants (vp17s), more frequently detected in the plasma of HIV-1+...
Two targeted sets of novel 1,5-diaryl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acids 10 and carbohydrazides 11 were designed and synthesized from their corresponding ester intermediates 17, which were prepared via cycloaddition of ethyl isocyanoacetate 16 and diary...
The HIV-1 p6 Gag protein contains two late assembly (l-) domains that recruit proteins of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway to mediate membrane fission between the nascent virion and the cell membrane. It was recent...
Treatment as Prevention (TasP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) are both widely recognized as essential biomedical tools to control HIV/AIDS. TasP calls for the immediate initiation of fully subsidized and supported antiretroviral therapy (ART) fo...
Depletion and functional impairment of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are characteristic attributes of HIV-1-infection. The mechanism of dysfunction of pDCs is unclear. Here, we studied the development of phenotype of pDCs in a cohor...
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a serious complication of many significant immunocompromising conditions. Prior incidence estimates in Wales are based on PcP’s presentation in the HIV and transplant populations. The objectives were to describe...
The continued diversification of HIV poses potentially significant challenges to HIV diagnostics and therapeutics. The dynamic evolution of emerging variants is highlighted in countries such as Cameroon in West Central Africa, where all known subtype...
Cellular immune has an important role in response HIV infection, which is attack the infected cells to activate signaling molecule. Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) worked as complementary treatment for HIV infection. The production of ROS and RNS molecules d...
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been established to be a cell adhesion molecule that is involved in the cellular rolling mechanism and the extravasation cascade, enabling the recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation. In rece...
The use of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a promising approach to HIV-1 treatment. In this work, we evaluate the neutralizing activity of the following HIV-1 bNAbs: VCR07-523, N6, PGDM1400, CAP256-VRC26.25, 10-1074, PGT128, 10E8, and DH51...
Anti retroviral drugs for HIV has problems with uncomfortable side effects and that endanger the lives of HIV sufferers. Several herbs have been empirically proven to have an effect on HIV eradication through inhibition of reverse transcriptase. One...
The innate immune response to viruses is formed in part by interferon (IFN)-induced restriction factors, including ISG15, p21, and SAMHD1. IFN production can be blocked by the ISG15-specific protease USP18. HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent host immune...
Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor the highest risk for anal carcinoma, mainly caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The use of HPV-related biomarkers in the screening for this neoplasia is still debated. We assessed the association between high-...
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has limited the replication and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, despite treatment, HIV infection persists in latently infected reservoirs, and once therapy is interrupted, viral...
Developing novel antiviral agents and approaches is essential for the treatment against human and zoonotic viruses. We had previously produced RNase P-based ribozyme variants capable of efficiently cleaving mRNA in vitro. Here, engineered ribozymes w...
Retroviruses like HIV-1 and HTLV-1 can be transmitted efficiently by direct contact between infected and target cells. For HIV-1, various modes of cell-to-cell transfer have been reported, including virological synapses, polysynapses, filopodial brid...
Currently there are diagnostic tests available for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB); however, they are still diagnosed separately, which can delay treatment in cases of co-infection. Here we report on a multiplex microarray te...
Chemodietary agents are emerging as promising adjuvant therapies in treating various disease conditions. However, there are no adjuvant therapies available to minimize the neurotoxicity of currently existing antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). In this study...
While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the morbidity of HIV infection, ART may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) by interfering with autophagic processes in astrocytes. Autopha...
We sought to explore the hypothesis that host factors required for HIV-1 replication also play a role in latency reversal. Using a CRISPR gene library of putative HIV dependency factors, we performed a screen to identify genes required for latency re...
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) was first identified as a general factor that stimulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but soon afterwards it turned out to be an essential cellular co-factor of human...
Despite present antiviral agents that can effectively work against HIV-1 replication, side effects and drug resistance have pushed researchers toward novel approaches. In this context, there is a continued focus on discovering new and more effective...
HIV-1 transcription is regulated at the level of elongation by the viral Tat protein together with the cellular elongation factor P-TEFb, which is composed of cyclin T1 and Cdk9 subunits. The crystal structure of a Tat:P-TEFb complex (Tahirov, T.H.;...
HIV enters the CNS early after peripheral infection, establishing reservoirs in perivascular macrophages that contribute to development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in 15–40% of people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretrovi...
Despite significant improvements in therapy, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains an important threat to public health. Current treatments fail to eradicate HIV as proviral DNA persists in long-living cellular reservoirs, leading to viral rebound whenever t...
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