62 Results Found

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are promising in vitro technologies for physiologically relevant predictions of the human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug candidates. However, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)...

Over the past years, several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed that helped to understand some of the critical aspects of intestinal functions in health and disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the trans...

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans. Under certain conditions, it can become invasive and cause life-threatening systemic infections. One mechanism used by C.albicans to...

The intestine is considered to be a vital digestive organ to absorb nutrients and is the largest immune organ, while numerous microorganisms coexist with the host. It is well known that the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the host...

The intestine contains the largest microbial community in the human body, the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence suggests that it plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. However, while many studies have found a correlation between certai...

In the conventional culture systems in vitro, the challenging organoid approach have recently been overcome by the development of microfluidic Organ Chip models of human intestine. The potential future applications of Intestine-on-Chips in disease mo...

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the gut microbiota in infants by selectively stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria. Here, we investigated the impact of HMOs on adult gut microbiota and gut barrier function using the Simulator of the Human...

The human gut is responsible for food digestion and absorption. Recently, growing evidence has shown its vital role in the proper functioning of other organs. Advances in microfluidic technologies have made a significant impact on the biomedical fiel...

This review highlights the involvement of mass transfer in animal food-digestion processes. There may be several mass-transfer steps during the dissolution of food components, starting from the food itself, moving into the digestive juices, then movi...

The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, while its impairment and the resulting inflammation contribute to numerous human pathologies. To preserve intestinal homeostasis, various probiotics are being...

Traditional goal of microfabrication was to limitedly construct nano- and micro-geometries on silicon or quartz wafers using various semiconductor manufacturing technologies, such as photolithography, soft lithography, etching, deposition, and so on....

The gut plays a key role in drug absorption and metabolism of orally ingested drugs. Additionally, the characterization of intestinal disease processes is increasingly gaining more attention, as gut health is an important contributor to our overall h...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the pathophysiological conditions of recipient cells. Recent evidence has implied their...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no mo...

Bacterial co-culture studies using synthetic gut microbiomes have reported novel research designs to understand the underlying role of bacterial interaction in the metabolism of dietary resources and community assembly of complex microflora. Since la...

A common bottleneck in any drug development process is finding sufficiently accurate models that capture key aspects of disease development and progression. Conventional drug screening models often rely on simple 2D culture systems that fail to recap...

The liver is a key organ that can communicate with many other districts of the human body. In the last few decades, much interest has focused on the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, with their reciprocal influence on biosynthesis...

The FDA plans to gradually replace animal testing with organoid and organ-on-a-chip technologies for drug safety assessment, driving surging demand for gut-on-a-chip in food and drug safety evaluation and highlighting the need for efficient, precise...

Dynamic gut-on-a-chip platform allows better recreation of the intestinal environment in vitro compared to the traditional static cell culture. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully discovered. In this study, the shear stress behavior...

Infections due to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have become a major threat to global health. Some patients may carry resistant bacteria in their gut microbiota. Specific risk factors may trigger the conversion of these carriages into infections in...

During ageing, the permeability of the intestinal barrier increases, the integrity of the intestinal barrier decreases, and the physiology of intestinal cells changes. Furthermore, intestinal inflammation and excessive oxidative stress are both likel...

Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and a major cause of ulcers and chronic inflammation in the colon and rectum. Recurring symptoms include abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and diarrhoea, and patients with...

The gut–brain axis (GBA) interaction is important for human health and disease prevention. Organ chips are considered a solution for GBA research. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures and microfluidics engineered in an organ chip could improve the s...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infects humans by colonizing the large intestine, and causes kidney damage by secreting Shiga toxins (Stxs). The increased secretion of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) by some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (CIP...

The regeneration of the mucosal interface of the human intestine is critical in the host–gut microbiome crosstalk associated with gastrointestinal diseases. The biopsy-derived intestinal organoids provide genetic information of patients with ph...

The human intestine is a dynamic organ where the complex host-microbe interactions that orchestrate intestinal homeostasis occur. Major contributing factors associated with intestinal health and diseases include metabolically-active gut microbiota, i...

The interaction between nutrition and human infectious diseases has always been recognized. With the emergence of molecular tools and post-genomics, high-resolution sequencing technologies, the gut microbiota has been emerging as a key moderator in t...

Monitoring of ions in real-time directly in cell culture systems and in organ-on-a-chip platforms represents a significant investigation tool to understand ion regulation and distribution in the body and ions’ involvement in biological mechanis...

With the global population rising, the need for sustainable and resource-efficiently produced proteins with nutritional and health promoting qualities has become urgent. Proteins are important macronutrients and are involved in most, if not all, biol...

Drug permeation across the intestinal epithelium is a prerequisite for successful oral drug delivery. The increased interest in oral administration of peptides, as well as poorly soluble and poorly permeable compounds such as drugs for targeted prote...

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate agricultural commodities, posing risks to food safety, animal productivity, and human health. The gastrointestinal tract is the first and most critical site of...

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays a fundamental role in human health by regulating immunity, metabolism, and the gut–brain axis. Beyond its critical physiological functions, it has emerged as a rich source of insp...

The knowledge about enteric viral infection has vastly increased over the last eight years due to the development of intestinal organoids and enteroids that suppose a step forward from conventional studies using cell lines. Intestinal organoids and e...

Intestinal organoids have emerged as the new paradigm for modelling the healthy and diseased intestine with patient-relevant properties. In this study, we show directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells towards intestinal-like phenoty...

Gastrointestinal cell culture technology has evolved in the past decade with the integration of microfluidic technologies, bringing advantages with greater selectivity and cost effectiveness. Herein, these technologies are sorted into three categorie...

Impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, accompanied by local and systemic inflammation, underlies numerous human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, sepsis, as well as severe acute malnutrition. Bifidobacteriu...

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have emerged as alternatives to animal testing in drug development, following the FDA Modernization Act 2.0. Double-layer channel-type MPS chips with porous membranes are widely used for modeling various organs, incl...

This review discusses the reported studies investigating the use of bioprinting to develop functional organ-on-chip systems from a manufacturing perspective. These organ-on-chip systems model the liver, kidney, heart, lung, gut, bone, vessel, and tum...

The imbalance in the gut microbiome plays a vital role in the progression of many diseases, including cancer, due to increased inflammation in the body. Since gut microbiome-induced inflammation can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy, there is an...

Intestinal mucosal tissues are prone to infections, often leading to inflammation. Lactic acid bacteria in the gut can modulate these inflammatory responses, but the interaction between host cells and lactic acid bacteria remains unclear. This study...

This review explores the significant role of microfluidic technologies in advancing cancer research, focusing on the below key areas: droplet-based microfluidics, organ-on-chip systems, paper-based microfluidics, electrokinetic chips, and microfluidi...

Intestinal digestion and absorption are complex processes; thus, it is a challenge to imitate them realistically. There are numerous approaches available, with different disadvantages and advantages. The simplest methods to mimic absorption are the n...

Microfluidics is a system involving the treatment or manipulation of microscale (10−9 to 10−18 L) fluids using microchannels (10 to 100 μm) contained on a microfluidic chip. Among the different methodologies used to study intestinal mi...

The majority of drugs are typically orally administered. The journey from drug discovery to approval is often long and expensive, involving multiple stages. A major challenge in the drug development process is drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a cond...

Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The growing relevance of this metabolic disease lies in its association with other comorbidities. Obesity is a multifaceted disease where intestinal hormo...

Autophagy, also known as type II programmed cell death, is a cellular mechanism of “self-eating”. Autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in numerous organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that autophagy can be activated a...

The human gut microbiota plays a key role in neurochemical communication, especially through the gut–brain axis. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota influences dopamine metabolism through both production and consumption mechanisms...

The human circulatory system is divided into two complementary and different systems, the cardiovascular and the lymphatic system. The cardiovascular system is mainly concerned with providing nutrients to the body via blood and transporting wastes aw...

Inflammatory bowel disease is a set of chronic inflammatory diseases that mainly develop in the gastrointestinal mucosa, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Gastrointestinal membrane permeability is an important factor influencing...

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating molecular exchange between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. However, its dysfunction, often driven by peripheral inflammatory pro...