1,082 Results Found

By considering an entry (i.e., a number, an idea, an object, etc.) which is represented by a known part $\left(a\right)$ and an unknown part $(bT,cI,dF)$ where $T,$ $I,$ F have their usual neutrosophic logic meanings and $$...

The study of symmetry is one of the most important and beautiful themes uniting various areas of contemporary arithmetic. Algebraic structures are useful structures in pure mathematics for learning a geometrical object’s symmetries. In this pap...

Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology is a promising research area in many domains. Brain activity can be interpreted through both invasive and non-invasive monitoring devices, allowing for novel, therapeutic solutions for individuals with...

This study investigates the feasibility of a novel brain–computer interface (BCI) device designed for sensory training following stroke. The BCI system administers electrotactile stimuli to the user’s forearm, mirroring classical sensory...

Games that use brainwaves via brain–computer interface (BCI) devices, to improve brain functions are known as BCI serious games. Due to the difficulty of developing BCI serious games, various BCI engines and authoring tools are required, and these re...

Conducting electrophysiological measurements from human brain function provides a medium for sending commands and messages to the external world, as known as a brain–computer interface (BCI). In this study, we proposed a smart helmet which inte...

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have gained significant attention in recent years for various applications, including education and skill development: studies have shown that BCIs can boost memory, concentration, and even creativity and can im...

A fuzzy set is an extension of an existing set using fuzzy logic. Soft set theory is a generalization of fuzzy set theory. Fuzzy and soft set theory are good mathematical tools for dealing with uncertainty in a parametric manner. The aim of this arti...

Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) methods for brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are popular due to higher information transfer rate and easier setup with minimal training, compared to alternative methods. With precisely generated visua...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is a developing field of study with numerous applications. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of brain signals as a direct communication pathway to an external device. In this work, Zombie Jumper...

In addition to helping develop products that aid the disabled, brain–computer interface (BCI) technology can also become a modality of entertainment for all people. However, most BCI games cannot be widely promoted due to the poor control performance...

The concept of complex fuzzy sets, where the unit disk of the complex plane acts as the codomain of the membership function, as an extension of fuzzy sets. The objective of this article is to use complex fuzzy sets in BCK/BCI-algebras. We present the...

For mathematical fuzzy logic systems, the study of corresponding algebraic structures plays an important role. Pseudo-BCI algebra is a class of non-classical logic algebras, which is closely related to various non-commutative fuzzy logic systems. The...

The study of brainwaves and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) or brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) has emerged as a transformative field with the potential to revolutionize society’s well-being. This technical paper delves into the mul...

An electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system that provides a pathway between the brain and external devices by interpreting EEG. EEG-based BCI applications have initially been developed for medical purposes,...

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is currently one of the most suitable paradigms for use with a visual brain–computer interface based on event-related potentials (ERP-BCI) by patients with a lack of ocular motility. However, gaze-indepen...

The study of symmetry is one of the most important and beautiful themes uniting various areas of contemporary arithmetic. Algebraic structures are useful structures in pure mathematics for learning a geometrical object’s symmetries. In order to...

Motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) is natural and comfortable for controllers, and has become a research hotspot in the field of the brain–computer interface (BCI). Exploring the inter-subject MI-BCI performance variation is one of...

Background: DUSP6 phosphatase serves as a negative regulator of MAPK kinases involved in numerous cellular processes. BCI has been identified as a potential allosteric inhibitor with anticancer activity. Our study was designed to test the anticancer...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been used as a way of facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral devices. The BCI provides an option to improve the walking pattern of...

This study investigated performance characteristics and channel selection strategies for single-flicker steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) using minimal recording channels. SSVEP clustering patterns fr...

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) facilitate communication for people who cannot move their own body. A BCI system requires a lengthy calibration phase to produce a reasonable classifier. To reduce the duration of the calibration phase, it is natural...

A Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) processes and converts brain signals to provide commands to output devices to carry out certain tasks. The main purpose of BCIs is to replace or restore the missing or damaged functions of disabled people, inclu...

The increasing integration of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) with augmented reality (AR) presents new possibilities for immersive and interactive environments, particularly through the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Despite the growing...

: A substantial amount of research has demonstrated the robustness and accuracy of the Riemannian minimum distance to mean (MDM) classifier for all kinds of EEG-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). This classifier is simple, fully determinis...

The brain–computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication channel between humans and machines that relies on the central nervous system. Neuroelectric signals are collected by placing electrodes, and after feature sampling and classification...

Background/Objectives: Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly developing technology that captures and transmits brain signals to external sources, allowing the user control of devices such as prosthetics. BCI technology offers the poten...

EEG-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI) have promising therapeutic potential beyond traditional neurofeedback training, such as enabling personalized and optimized virtual reality (VR) neurorehabilitation paradigms where the timing and parame...

Signal recording and stimulation with high spatial and temporal resolution are of increasing interest with the development of implantable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, implantable BCI technology still faces challenges in the biocompatibi...

Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) systems are rapidly evolving and increasingly integrated into interactive environments such as gaming and Virtual/Augmented Reality. In such applications, user adaptability and engagement are critical. This study...

Motor deficiencies constitute a significant problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Such people suffer from a debility in daily functioning, which may lead to decreased and incoherence in daily routines and deteriorate their quality of life (...

The steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) is an important type of BCI that has various potential applications, including in virtual environments using virtual reality (VR). However, compared to VR research, the majority of visual stimuli use...

The individual-specific steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is characterized by individual calibration data, resulting in satisfactory performance. However, existing individual-specific SSVEP-BCIs e...

BCI devices are increasingly being used to create interactive interfaces between users and their own psychophysiological signals. Over the years, these systems have seen strong development as they can enable people with limited mobility to make certa...

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) measure brain activity and translate it to control computer programs or external devices. However, the activity generated by the BCI makes measurements for objective fatigue evaluation very difficult, and the si...

Robotics has been successfully applied in the design of collaborative robots for assistance to people with motor disabilities. However, man-machine interaction is difficult for those who suffer severe motor disabilities. The aim of this study was to...

This literature review explores the pivotal role of brain–computer interface (BCI) technology, coupled with electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, in advancing rehabilitation for individuals with damaged muscles and motor systems. This study pr...

The brain–computer interface (BCI) spellers based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have recently been widely investigated for their high information transfer rates (ITRs). This paper aims to improve the practicability of the SS...

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are a type of assistive technology that uses the brain signals of users to establish a communication and control channel between them and an external device. BCI systems may be a suitable tool to restore communication...

Steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs)-based Brain-Computer interfaces (BCIs), as well as eyetracking devices, provide a pathway for re-establishing communication for people with severe disabilities. We fused these control techniques into a n...

An event-related potential (ERP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) can be used to monitor a user’s cognitive state during a surveillance task in a situational awareness context. The present study explores the use of an ERP-BCI for dete...

A brain-computer interface (BCI) translates a user’s thoughts such as motor imagery (MI) into the control of external devices. However, some people, who are defined as BCI illiteracy, cannot control BCI effectively. The main characteristics of...

This paper explores the potential benefits of integrating a brain–computer interface (BCI) utilizing the visual-evoked potential paradigm (SSVEP) with a six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) robotic arm to enhance rehabilitation tools. The SSVEP-BCI e...

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable direct communication between the brain and external devices using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. BCIs based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (cVEPs) are based on visual stimuli, thus appr...

Navigation in virtual worlds is ubiquitous in games and other virtual reality (VR) applications and mainly relies on external controllers. As brain–computer interfaces (BCI)s rely on mental control, bypassing traditional neural pathways, they p...

In this paper, Bol-Moufang types of a particular quasi neutrosophic triplet loop (BCI-algebra), chritened Fenyves BCI-algebras are introduced and studied. 60 Fenyves BCI-algebras are introduced and classified. Amongst these 60 classes of algebras, 46...

The following contribution describes a neural net-based, noninvasive methodology for electroencephalographic (EEG) signal classification. The application concerns a brain–computer interface (BCI) allowing disabled people to interact with their...

Multimodal brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that combine electrical features from electroencephalography (EEG) and hemodynamic features from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have the potential to improve performance. In this paper,...

Neurorehabilitation using a brain–computer interface (BCI) requires machine learning, for which calculations take a long time, even days. However, the demands of actual rehabilitation are becoming increasingly rigorous, requiring that processes...

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) communicate between a given user and their nearest environment through brain signals. In the case of device handling, an accurate control-based BCI depends essentially on how the user performs corresponding ment...