316 Results Found

This paper presents a methodology dedicated to component sizing and fuel consumption evaluation of different degree of hybridization for light duty vehicles applications. The methodology will be described together with vehicle and components simulati...

Light-duty vehicle emission regulations worldwide set limits for the following gaseous pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NOX), hydrocarbons (HCs), and/or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is indirectly limited by f...

The environmental impact of the road transport sector, together with urban freight transport growth, has a notable repercussions in global warming, health and economy. The need to reduce emissions caused by fossil fuel dependence and to foster the us...

The geometric alignment of highways directly affects the fuel consumption of motor vehicles. To analyze the impact of the road gradient on fuel consumption, actual road tests were conducted in plateau and mountainous areas. Geographic Information Sys...

Brake wear particles are generated through frictional contact between the brake disc or brake drum and the brake pads. Some of these particles may be released into the atmosphere, contributing to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In this stud...

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can complement other electric vehicle technologies as a zero-emission technology and contribute to global efforts to achieve the emission reduction targets. This article spotlights the current deployment status of fuel cel...

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been widely studied to recover waste heat from internal combustion engines in commercial on-road vehicles. To achieve a cost-effective ORC, a trade-off between factors such as costs, power outputs, back pressure, a...

This work focuses on the potential for waste energy recovery from exhaust gases in a diesel light-duty vehicle tested under real driving conditions, fueled with animal fat biodiesel, Gas To Liquid (GTL) and diesel fuels. The vehicle was tested follow...

The particulate matter (PM) emissions of gasoline vehicles were much lower than those of diesel vehicles until the introduction of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the early 2000s. At the same time, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines started...

Brake particle emissions number (PN) and mass (PM) of a light-duty hybrid-electric vehicle have been assessed under realistic driving patterns on a chassis dynamometer. Therefore, the front-right disc brake was enclosed in a specifically designed cas...

This paper investigated the physical and chemical properties of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine particulate matter (PM). The physical properties mainly included the particulate aggregate morphology, primary particle size, and internal nanostru...

Many cities are still struggling to comply with current air quality regulations. Road transport is usually a significant source of NOx emissions, especially in urban areas. Therefore, NOx from road vehicles needs to be further reduced below current s...

The aim of this study is to verify the reliability of NOx emissions measured using Smart Emissions Measurement System (SEMS) equipment in comparison with the NOx emissions measured using certified Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) equipmen...

The transportation sector is responsible for about 16% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Despite efforts for a sensible reduction by means of new technologies’ development, the average age of a vehicle fleet is 12.3 years in the European U...

The study of road accidents and the adoption of measures to reduce them is one of the most important targets of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. To further progress in the improvement of road safety, it is necessary to focus studies on spe...

Euro 6 standards impose stringent nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission limits on diesel cars. NOx emissions are significantly different between Euro 6 diesel cars and the previous standards in real-world driving. In this research, the NOx concentrations of...

China implemented the China VI emission standard in 2020. The China VI emission standard has added requirements for the RDE (real-world driving emission) test. To evaluate vehicle CO2 emission for different vehicles, 10 conventional gasoline vehicles...

Compared to comparably sized conventional light duty gasoline vehicles (CLDGVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) may offer benefits of improved energy economy, reduced emissions, and the flexibility to use electricity as an energy source. PH...

The European Union’s ambition to reach climate neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050 entails, among other things, cleaner road vehicles. The European Commission’s proposal for the next regulatory emissions standard, Euro 7, requ...

The transport sector is the second largest and one of the fastest growing energy end-use sectors, representing 24% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. The International Energy Agency has developed scenarios for the transport sector wit...

Around a third of the energy input in an automotive engine is wasted through the exhaust system. Since numerous technologies to harvest energy from exhaust gases are accessible, it is of great interest to find time- and cost-efficient methods to eval...

This paper aims at providing a multisource data analysis, including direct data collection, focussed on daily average distances covered with motorized mobility. Its results can be used as a basis for policies involving a shift towards new propulsions...

Vehicle electrification is considered a pathway for on-road transportation decarbonization in China. Different from the conventional gasoline vehicles whose emissions are mainly released from vehicle tailpipes, emissions of battery electric vehicles...

The increasing reliance on electric vehicle (EV) charging in buildings requires balancing the load from other building systems to support the new demand. This paper uses a study case in a Near-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) educational facility located...

In this work, the development of an energy recovery control unit to be incorporated in the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting systems of heavy-duty vehicles is presented. This innovative industrial product adopts modern power electronics technolog...

As a main measure to promote the development of China’s energy–saving and new energy vehicles, the Phase V fuel consumption regulation is dramatically different from the past four phases, especially in the test procedure, moving from the New European...

Signalized intersections are one of the typical bottlenecks in urban transport systems that have reduced speeds and which have substantial vehicle emissions. This study aims to analyze and optimize the impacts of signal control on the emissions of mi...

Increasingly stringent regulations regarding vehicle emissions have contributed to the diversification of vehicle technologies, resulting in the increasing complexity of typical vehicles that make up a fleet. In order to investigate the real gas emis...

This paper reviews the recent advances in the management of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the internal combustion engine of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, addressing both technical and legal aspects. Particular focus is devoted to the ofte...

This study proposes an automatic gear shift classification algorithm in M1 category vehicles using data acquired through the onboard diagnostic system (OBD II) and GPS. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of identification parameters (PIDs...

Planning the best path for the energy system decarbonization is currently one of the issues of high global interest. At the European level, the recent policies dealing with the transportation sector have decided to ban the registration of light-duty...

Full electrification of the transport sector is a necessity to combat climate change and a pressing societal issue: climate agreements require a fuel shift of all the modes of transport, but while uptake of passenger electric vehicles is increasing,...

The present work presents results from an experimentally validated simulation code, regarding a turbocharged diesel-powered vehicle running on the recently developed worldwide light-duty vehicles WLTC driving cycle. The simulation is based on an engi...

Electric vehicles are now a completely familiar part of the street scene. Their number is determined by many factors, one of the most significant of which is price. With the ever-increasing supply, it is becoming increasingly difficult for buyers to...

This paper aims to analyze the associated environment and climate benefits of electrification by comparing the air pollutant and CO2 emissions from the fuel cycle of battery electric commercial vehicles (BECVs) and internal combustion engine commerci...

All electric vehicles are the only way to decarbonize transport quickly and substantially. Although multilevel inverters have already been used in some transportation modes, they are rarely used in road transportation, especially in light-duty passen...

Vehicle driving cycles have complex characteristics, but there are few publicly reported methods for their quantitative characterization. This paper innovatively investigates their multifractal characteristics using the fractal theory to characterize...

There is an urgent need for a method of evaluating the real energy performance of vehicles that eliminates the effects of external conditions (topography, altitude, and road conditions) and human factors (driving styles), especially in the case of he...

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dyna...

Wireless charging technology for heavy-duty vehicles has been investigated for eco-friendly transportation. We present a new wireless power transfer system for 44 kW rapid charging of electric buses. The transmission distance between the charging pad...

The demand for gasoline in Canada, especially by light-duty vehicles, continues to increase with economic growth and development. Fossil fuel driven vehicles are not only creating financial strain due to fluctuating gas prices but are also pollutin...

The benefits of electrified powertrains for light-duty vehicles are well understood, however sufficient published information is not available on the benefits of advanced powertrains on the various types of medium and heavy duty vehicles. Quantifying...

Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) are intended to improve the range of battery electric vehicles and thus eliminate drivers’ concerns about running out of energy before reaching the desired destination. This paper gives an insight into E...

Commercial transport is often referred to as an early market for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). In comparison to private transport, commercial transport with passenger cars is characterized by higher vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) forming an im...

This paper proposes a framework for generating a battery test profile that accounts for the complex operating conditions of electric vehicles, which is essential for ensuring the durability and safety of the battery system used in these vehicles. Add...

In order to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, policy action that addresses vehicle emissions is essential. While many previous studies have focused on light-duty vehicles (LDV), little is known about medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDV). Thi...

CALSTART researched and analyzed the opportunities and challenges faced by the medium and heavyduty electric truck market. E-Trucks & Buses present unique challenges and opportunities compared to light-duty EVs. In particular, current utility rat...

With increasing global attention to climate change and environmental sustainability, the sustainable development of the automotive industry has become an important issue. This study focuses on the regenerative braking issues in pure electric vehicles...

Regenerative braking technology is a viable solution for mitigating the energy consumption of electric vehicles. Constructing a distribution strategy for regenerative braking force will directly affect the energy saving efficiency of electric vehicle...

Among the alternative fuels enabling the energy transition, hydrogen-based transportation is a sustainable and efficient choice. It finds application both in light-duty and heavy-duty mobility. However, hydrogen gas has unique qualities that must be...