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Most Cited

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
110 Citations
14,509 Views
23 Pages

3 March 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat for wheat production worldwide. Most reviews focus on Fusarium graminearum as a main causal agent of FHB. However, different Fusarium species are involved in this disease complex. These species differ in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
108 Citations
14,209 Views
15 Pages

10 October 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. The accurate prediction of HABs is crucial for their proactive preparation and management. While mechanism-based numerical modeling, such as the Environmental Fluid Dyna...

  • Review
  • Open Access
88 Citations
14,001 Views
41 Pages

28 July 2023

Cereal grains are the most important food staples for human beings and livestock animals. They can be processed into various types of food and feed products such as bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, cake, snacks, beer, complete feed, and pet foods. Ho...

  • Review
  • Open Access
75 Citations
20,621 Views
16 Pages

Aflatoxin Contamination: An Overview on Health Issues, Detection and Management Strategies

  • Meera Mohamed Alameri,
  • Amanda Shen-Yee Kong,
  • Mariam Nasser Aljaafari,
  • Hajer Al Ali,
  • Khadija Eid,
  • Maryam Al Sallagi,
  • Wan-Hee Cheng,
  • Aisha Abushelaibi,
  • Swee-Hua Erin Lim and
  • Kok-Song Lai

28 March 2023

Aflatoxins (AFs) represent one of the main mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, with the most prevalent and lethal subtypes being AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. AFs are responsible for causing significant public health...

  • Review
  • Open Access
69 Citations
13,689 Views
15 Pages

Ochratoxin A: Overview of Prevention, Removal, and Detoxification Methods

  • Lijuan Ding,
  • Meihua Han,
  • Xiangtao Wang and
  • Yifei Guo

8 September 2023

Ochratoxins are the secondary metabolites of Penicillium and Aspergillus, among which ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic molecule. OTA is widely found in food and agricultural products. Due to its severe nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicit...

  • Review
  • Open Access
66 Citations
10,926 Views
42 Pages

T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review

  • Julie Meneely,
  • Brett Greer,
  • Oluwatobi Kolawole and
  • Christopher Elliott

29 July 2023

One of the major classes of mycotoxins posing serious hazards to humans and animals and potentially causing severe economic impact to the cereal industry are the trichothecenes, produced by many fungal genera. As such, indicative limits for the sum o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
55 Citations
9,625 Views
19 Pages

Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies

  • Emine Kocyigit,
  • Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt,
  • Osman Bozkurt,
  • Duygu Ağagündüz and
  • Raffaele Capasso

24 May 2023

Plants evolve to synthesize various natural metabolites to protect themselves against threats, such as insects, predators, microorganisms, and environmental conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, salt, and drought). Plant-derived toxic protei...

  • Review
  • Open Access
54 Citations
8,391 Views
35 Pages

Computational Studies of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1): A Review

  • Joel Martínez,
  • Maricarmen Hernández-Rodríguez,
  • Abraham Méndez-Albores,
  • Guillermo Téllez-Isaías,
  • Elvia Mera Jiménez,
  • María Inés Nicolás-Vázquez and
  • René Miranda Ruvalcaba

7 February 2023

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exhibits the most potent mutagenic and carcinogenic activity among aflatoxins. For this reason, AFB1 is recognized as a human group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Consequently, it is essential to d...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
5,776 Views
25 Pages

Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Cow Milk—A Review

  • Andrea Zentai,
  • Ákos Jóźwiak,
  • Miklós Süth and
  • Zsuzsa Farkas

4 March 2023

The conversion of aflatoxin B1 in feed consumed by cows into aflatoxin M1 in their milk poses a challenge to food safety, with milk being a popular staple food and because of the harmful effects of these compounds. This study aimed at reviewing scien...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
3,767 Views
16 Pages

Microcystins Exposure Associated with Blood Lipid Profiles and Dyslipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan Province, China

  • Shuidong Feng,
  • Mengyue Cao,
  • Peng Tang,
  • Shuxiang Deng,
  • Limou Chen,
  • Yan Tang,
  • Lemei Zhu,
  • Xiang Chen,
  • Zhijun Huang and
  • Fei Yang

18 April 2023

Increasing evidence from experimental research suggests that exposure to microcystins (MCs) may induce lipid metabolism disorder. However, population-based epidemiological studies of the association between MCs exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia a...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651