Temporomandibular Myofacial Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injection
1
Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, New York, NY 10019, USA
2
Head and Neck Surgical Group—New York Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, NY 10019, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Holger Barth
Toxins 2015, 7(8), 2791-2800; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7082791
Received: 14 June 2015 / Accepted: 13 July 2015 / Published: 24 July 2015
(This article belongs to the Collection Botulinum Toxins on Human Pain)
This article reviews the diagnoses and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and outlines of the role of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of myofacial TMD. This manuscript includes a brief history of the use of BoNT in the treatment of pain, the mechanism of action of BoNT, and the techniques for injections, adverse effects and contraindications when using BoNT to treat mayofacial pain caused by TMD.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Mor, N.; Tang, C.; Blitzer, A. Temporomandibular Myofacial Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injection. Toxins 2015, 7, 2791-2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7082791
AMA Style
Mor N, Tang C, Blitzer A. Temporomandibular Myofacial Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injection. Toxins. 2015; 7(8):2791-2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7082791
Chicago/Turabian StyleMor, Niv; Tang, Christropher; Blitzer, Andrew. 2015. "Temporomandibular Myofacial Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injection" Toxins 7, no. 8: 2791-2800. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7082791
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