Free radicals have acquired growing importance in the fields of biology and medicine. They are produced during many different endogenous and exogenous processes. Mitochondria are the main source of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced at...
Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding damaging processes occurring in cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their elimination by the antioxidant syst...
Although there has been some controversy surrounding exactly when oxygen was first discovered, it is likely that that accolade should go to Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who isolated oxygen in 1772, or even a year earlier. Others since then have been given t...
In this review, in addition to the potential cardiovascular applications of β-blockers and, more specifically, propranolol, we wanted to list the more recent applications in psychiatry as well as current knowledge on the impact of oxidative stre...
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death despite advancements in research and treatment, with traditional therapies often causing significant side effects and resistance. Oxyhydrogen gas, a mixture of 66% molecular hydrogen (H2) and 33% mole...
Many cells in the human body strongly react on decreased oxygen concentrations, generally defined as hypoxia. Therefore, inducing hypoxia in vitro is essential for research. Classically, hypoxia is induced using a hypoxia chamber, but alternative met...
The generation of energy within cells is a fundamental process enabling cell survival, and as such it represents a potential target in cancer therapy. In this article, we therefore review the relative contributions of glycolysis and oxidative phospho...
Background: Infertility, defined as the failure to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, affects 50–80 million people worldwide. A male factor is involved in approximately 20–30% of cases. In the etiology of male in...
Over 2000 publications including more than 100 human studies seem to indicate that humans have only recently benefited from or known about the medical effects of H2 within the past 15 years. However, we have unknowingly benefited from H2 since the da...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of successive extraction (using solvents of increasing polarity, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water) of polyphenols from Cistus creticus L. The results were compared with the...
Skin grafting is a critical procedure for treating skin defects from burns, trauma, and surgical interventions, yet complications such as ischemia, necrosis, and infection can limit graft success. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a pro...
Atmospheric oxygen is produced and consumed by life on Earth, and the ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful solar UV radiation. The research on oxygen in the Earth system is of interest to many different geoscientific communities, from pale...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that comprises a complex aetiology, where a genetic component has been suggested, together with multiple environmental risk factors. Because of its increasing incidence in t...
Reactive oxygen species comprise oxygen-based free radicals and non-radical species such as peroxynitrite and electronically excited (singlet) oxygen. These reactive species often have short lifetimes, and much of our understanding of their formation...
The rising prevalence of chronic metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, most notably associated with cardiovascular diseases, has emerged as a major global health concern. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play physiological functions...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable and highly reactive molecular forms that play physiological roles in cell signaling and immune defense. However, when ROS generation is not properly balanced by antioxidant defenses, a pathological condition...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common causes of inhalation poisoning worldwide. However, it is also well known that CO is produced endogenously in the heme degradation reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes. HO catalyzes the degra...
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome that causes chronic musculoskeletal pain accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders, headaches, anxiety, and depression. People diagnosed with fibromyalgia usually have higher levels of reactive oxygen species...
Nickel oxyhydroxides (NiOOHs) are well-known for their superior activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. However, their activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been largely unexplored. There exist three NiOOH...
Mammalian cell culture is widely used for discovery and development. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of maintaining physiologically-relevant conditions in cell culture. Although oxygen level is a particularly important...
Red spinach extract is high in inorganic nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2) which has been shown to enhance vascular function, cognition, and physical performance. To date, there have been no investigations as to whether red spinach extract serves as an effec...
Produced by photosynthesis, oxygen (O2) is a fundamentally important gas in biological systems, playing roles as a terminal electron receptor in respiration and in host defence through the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen (H2) play...
This review deals with the production of oxygen by photo-oxidation of water, which is a topic fitting a journal devoted to oxygen. Most of the present biosphere, including mankind, depends on oxygen. Elucidating the mechanism is of importance for sol...
Addressing the global environmental problem of water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel by solar energy is receiving so much attention. In water splitting, the essential problem to solve is the development of efficient catalysts for oxygen production...
Noble gases are a valuable but overlooked source of effective and safe therapeutics. Being monoatomic and chemically inert, they nonetheless have a surprisingly wide range of biochemical and medically valuable properties. This mini review briefly sum...
The usage of nanoparticles became inevitable in medicine and other fields when it was found that they could be administered to hosts to act as oxidants or antioxidants. These oxidative nanoparticles act as pro-oxidants and induce oxidative stress-med...
Background: In otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, oxygen is a therapeutic tool used for various pathologies. Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of free radicals (ROS) and the antioxidant capacity of the body, which c...
Oxygen binds to hemoglobin cooperatively, and a correct description of this binding is relevant not only for understanding the mechanisms of involved molecular processes but also for clinical purposes. Hill’s equation, derived over a hundred ye...
Oxygen is a unique molecule that possesses a spin quantum number
Bacterial infestation of the male reproductive system with subsequent effects of bacteria on the structural integrity and functional activity of male gametes has become a significant factor in the etiology of male reproductive dysfunction. Bacteria m...
Low tissue oxygenation, termed hypoxia, is a characteristic of solid tumors with negative consequences. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions and correlate with worse outcomes in cancer patients across several tumor...
This narrative paper reviews the current knowledge of Home Oxygen Therapy (HOT) in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), two major causes of Long-Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) prescription. There is evi...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the population. Fibrosis is the hallmark of CKD, which is marked by the deposit of extracellular matrix (ECM). This response is the final outcome of an unbalanced reaction to inflammation and wound healing...
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body’s antioxidant defenses, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various health conditions, including cancer and neurological d...
This study explored the use of mandarin peels as an important source of health-promoting compounds by utilizing green methods (i.e., pulsed electric field and ultrasound-assisted extraction), along with conventional stirring. The impact of several ex...
Epitaxial SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were grown on (001)-oriented LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates at 800 °C by an ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD). Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) was varied at 1.5 × 10−5, 1.5 × 10−4, and 1.5 × 10−3 Torr during the growth. The...
Before fertilization, spermatozoa must undergo a process called capacitation in order to fulfill their fertilization potential. This includes a series of structural, biochemical, and functional changes before a subsequent acrosome reaction and fusion...
Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been implicated in various forms of brain injury, both traumatic and non-traumatic. Due to its oxidative demand, the brain is intimately dependent on its mitochondrial functioning. However, there remains appreciable...
A member of the Verbenaceae family, Aloysia citrodora, or lemon verbena, is a medicinal herb with antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to develop a green, optimized method for the bioactive compound (carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and polyph...
This review explores the unique structural and functional characteristics of natural products featuring highly oxygenated cyclobutane rings, with a specific focus on oxetane and 1,2-dioxetane motifs. It presents the structures and biological activiti...
For most living beings, oxygen is an essential molecule for survival, being the basis of biological oxidations, which satisfy most of the energy needs of aerobic organisms. Oxygen can also behave as a toxic agent posing a threat to the existence of l...
The success of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has been largely attributed to their ability to mimic the gestural experience of traditional cigarette smoking, while being perceived as a safer alternative due to the a...
Oxidative stress (OS) represents one of the main mechanisms of toxicity induced by environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd). OS is a natural physiological process where the presence of oxidants, such as reactive oxygen-derived species (ROS), out...
Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes, in turn, increases COVID-19 susceptibility and contributes to increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress has emerged a...
Epigenetics contains various mechanisms by which cells employ to regulate the transcription of many DNAs. Histone acetylation is an obvious example of the epigenetic mechanism regulating the expression of several genes by changing chromatin accessibi...
In 2007 a paper in Nature Medicine sparked a new wave of interest in the use of molecular hydrogen (H2) for medical treatments. Since then there has been a flurry of papers looking at a range of medical aspects, from neurodegenerative disease to spor...
Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors in females, affecting up to 70% of women worldwide, yet targeted therapeutic options are limited. Oxidative stress has recently surfaced as a key driver of fibroid pathogenesis and provides insights into hy...
Sustainable long-term space missions require regenerative life support from plants. Traditional crop plants lack some features desirable for use in space environments. The aquatic plant family Lemnaceae (duckweeds) has enormous potential as a space c...
Many environmental stresses cause an increase in reactive oxygen species in plants and alter their nutritional value. Plants respond to many stresses by producing increased amounts of compounds with antioxidant properties including vitamins, phenylpr...
Wheat-flour crackers represent a staple snack option, although they lack nutritional value. Agricultural by-products such as olive and grape seeds, cereals such as barley and legumes such as lupine and chickpea are rich in bioactive compounds; theref...
