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It is assumed that the history of modern science in Africa began between the last two decades of the 19th century and the first two or three of the 20th century [...]

The “line-by-line” method is used for the evaluation of thermal emission of the standard atmosphere toward the Earth. Accounting for thermodynamic equilibrium of the radiation field with air molecules and considering the atmosphere as a weakly nonuni...

There is little doubt that life’s origin followed from the known physical and chemical laws of Nature. The most general scientific framework incorporating the laws of Nature and applicable to most known processes to good approximation, is that...

Many totally different kinds of astrophysical observations demonstrated that, in our universe, there exists a preferred direction. Specifically, from observations in a wide range of frequencies, the alignment of various preferred directions in differ...

This article reviews the electrodynamic force law of Wilhelm Weber and its importance in electromagnetic theory. An introduction is given to Weber’s force and it is shown how it has been utilised in the literature to explain electromagnetism as...

Vector-valued electromagnetic waves for which the integral of the electric field over time is zero at every location in space were characterized as “usual” by Bessonov several decades ago. Otherwise, they were called “strange”...

We aim to derive a super-radiance solution of coherent light and sound waves involving water degrees of freedom in the environment of a microtubule. We introduce a Lagrangian density functional of quantum electrodynamics with non-relativistic charged...

Pollution of water sources with heavy metals is a pressing environmental issue. To this end, various procedures are being used to remediate water, including sorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of humic acids (HAs) and...

At present, several countries on the Asian continent are still very closed off to the idea of allowing not only the work of women, but also even the fact that they can study university degrees and, after finishing them, go on to practice their profes...

The ground-based monitoring of the lower ionosphere by studying the perturbations of the subionospheric propagation of very-low-frequency/low-frequency (VLF/LF) signals is important in the research of a wide variety of geophysical and Sun/space extre...

The informational energy of Onicescu is a positive quantity that measures the amount of uncertainty of a random variable. However, contrary to Shannon’s entropy, the informational energy is strictly convex and increases when randomness decrease...

Nowadays, hydropower plants are being used to compensate for the variable power produced by the new fluctuating renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and to stabilise the grid. Consequently, hydraulic turbines are forced to work mor...

This article investigates the comparison of two groups based on the two-parameter logistic item response model. It is assumed that there is random differential item functioning in item difficulties and item discriminations. The group difference is es...

We investigate the application of the Galerkin finite element method to approximate a stochastic semilinear space–time fractional wave equation. The equation is driven by integrated additive noise, and the time fractional order $\alpha \in (1,$...

Gertrude Belle Elion was a woman who had to overcome many difficulties to achieve her dream of studying to be able to cure illnesses, especially those of the heart. These difficulties were imposed both by the limited economic resources of herself and...

Neutron stars are the densest known objects in the universe and an ideal laboratory for the strange physics of super-condensed matter. Theoretical studies in connection with recent observational data of isolated neutron stars, as well as binary neutr...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for the rapid estimation of a wide range of wood properties. Typically, NIRS studies on wood have utilized benchtop spectrometers, but efforts to utilize NIR hyperspectral imaging to examine wood and wood prod...

We utilize relativistic quantum mechanics to develop general quantum field-theoretic foundations suitable for understanding, analyzing, and designing generic quantum antennas for potential use in secure quantum communication systems and other applica...

An alternative to conventional spacetime is proposed and rigorously formulated for nonlocal continuum field theories through the deployment of a fiber bundle-based superspace extension method. We develop, in increasing complexity, the concept of nonl...

The discussion of what matter and mass are has been going on for more than 2500 years. Much has been discovered about mass in various areas, such as relativity theory and modern quantum mechanics. Still, quantum mechanics has not been unified with gr...

A brief review of the classical and quantum description of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter based on the model of a harmonic oscillator is presented. This review includes the generalized Bohr correspondence principle, the exci...

This article shows the life and work of Gerty Cori, a woman born in Czechoslovakia and who later became a naturalized American, who spent her whole life researching, together with her husband, in the laboratory to find the cause of some diseases, par...

Background: Lack of access to patients’ digital health records by community pharmacists can negatively impact pharmaceutical care. Access to these records by community pharmacists is only available in some countries. Thus, the study aim was to...

The review provides a pedagogical but comprehensive introduction to the foundations of a recently proposed statistical mechanics ($\mu$NEQT) of a stable nonequilibrium thermodynamic body, which may be either isolated or interacting. It is an extension...

In this work, we present a Big Rip scenario within the framework of the generalized Brans-Dicke (GBD) theory. In the GBD theory, we consider an evolving BD parameter along with a self-interacting potential. An anisotropic background is considered to...

From the perspectives of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the theory of complex systems, a characterization of longevity and aging and their relationships with the emergence and evolution of cancer was carried out. It was found that:...

Theories on life’s origin generally acknowledge the advantage of a semi-permeable vesicle (protocell) for enhancing the chemical reaction–diffusion processes involved in abiogenesis. However, more and more evidence indicates that the orig...

In light of the self-simulation hypothesis, a simple form of implementation of the principle of efficient language is discussed in a self-referential geometric quasicrystalline state sum model in three dimensions. Emergence is discussed in the contex...

Due to their hygroscopic characteristics, equilibrium moisture contents of agricultural products and byproducts are important factors of their quality. Defatted cottonseed meal (CSM), washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) and cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI...

The question of where the inertial properties of matter come from has been open for a long time. Isaac Newton considered inertia an intrinsic property of matter. Ernst Mach held a different view whereby the inertia of a body comes from its interactio...

I dispute the conventional claim that the second law of thermodynamics is saved from a “Maxwell’s demon” by the entropy cost of information erasure and show that instead it is measurement that incurs the entropy cost. Thus, Brilloui...

In glass physics, order parameters have long been used in the thermodynamic description of glasses, but their nature is not yet clear. The difficulty is how to find order in disordered systems. This study provides a coherent understanding of the natu...

Weber’s electrodynamics presents an alternative theory to the widely accepted Maxwell–Lorentz electromagnetism. It is founded on the concept of direct action between particles, and has recently gained some momentum through theoretical and...

This work communicates line-strength data and associated scripts for the computation and spectroscopic fitting of selected transitions of diatomic molecules. The scripts for data analysis are designed for inclusion in various software packages or pro...

The latest cellular technology, known as 5G-NR, is intended to significantly speed up and improve the effectiveness of wireless systems. A revolution in the telecom industry has been sparked by the widespread use of and increased reliance on cellular...

The interpretation of optical spectra requires thorough comprehension of quantum mechanics, especially understanding the concept of angular momentum operators. Suppose now that a transformation from laboratory-fixed to molecule-attached coordinates,...

Vectors are almost always introduced as objects having magnitude and direction. Following that idea, textbooks and courses introduce the concept of a vector norm and the angle between two vectors. While this is correct and useful for vectors in two-...

Hyperfine splittings play an important role in quantum information and spintronics applications. They allow for the readout of the spin qubits, while at the same time providing the dominant mechanism for the detrimental spin decoherence. Their exact...

Building on previous work that considered gravity to emerge from the collective behaviour of discrete, pre-geometric spacetime constituents, this work identifies these constituents with gravitons and rewrites their effective gravity-inducing interact...

We discuss the fundamental theoretical framework together with numerous results obtained by the authors and colleagues over an extended period of investigation on the Information Geometric Approach to Chaos (IGAC).

Zeolites, both natural and synthetic, are certainly some of the most versatile minerals for their applications. Since the 1940s, they have been used in the chemical industry as catalysts, adsorbents and ion exchanger extensively, and the development...

It is known that in breast cancer biology, autophagy mainly plays a cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic role in vitro, being conceivably responsible for cell resistance to drug exposure and a higher metastatic attitude in vivo. Thus, the development of...

A new $\alpha$-emitting ²¹⁴U has been recently observed experimentally. This opens the window to theoretically investigate the ground-state properties of the lightest known even–even neutron deficient ^214,216,218U isotopes and to examine $\alpha$...

There is a fundamental subsets–partitions duality that runs through the exact sciences. In more concrete terms, it is the duality between elements of a subset and the distinctions of a partition. In more abstract terms, it is the reverse-the-ar...

A non-uniform (skewed) mixture of probability density functions occurs in various disciplines. One needs a measure of similarity to the respective constituents and its bounds. We introduce a skewed Jensen–Fisher divergence based on relative Fisher in...

Considering that a fair coin has two sides and a cylindrical edge, the probability that it would fall on its edge is calculated, yielding the probability of heads or tails of less than 50%. In this first part, the theoretical models for a static case...

We characterize the electromagnetic vacuum as a stochastic field. Some consequences, like the particle behaviour of light, are studied. The stochastic approach is connected with the standard Hilbert space formalism via the Weyl transform. Several exp...

I. The arena of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory is the abstract, unobserved and unobservable, M-dimensional formal Hilbert space ≠ spacetime. II. The arena of observations—and, more generally, of all events (i.e., everything) in the real p...

It is known that, from a modeling point of view, fractional dynamic equations are more suitable compared to integer derivative models. In fact, a fractional dynamic equation is referred to as an equation with memory. To demonstrate that the fractiona...

In this article, statistical properties of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) item fit statistic in item response models are studied. It is shown that RMSD estimates will indicate even misfit for items whose parametric assumption of the item respo...