2026 April-1 - 83 articles
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have the ability to mediate cellular repair through a combination of soluble paracrine factors, as well as bioactive cargo packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Although MSC-derived EVs...
The antigen presentation machinery processes proteins for presentation to T cells, thereby controlling activation of the adaptive cellular immune response. Perturbation of this machinery has been linked to the development of various diseases. This re...
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, also known as p62) has emerged as a multifunctional signaling adaptor that bridges autophagy, proteostasis, and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which SQSTM1 regulates selective autophagy an...
Sestrins are an evolutionarily conserved family of stress-responsive proteins that regulate cellular metabolism, redox balance, and survival. Their expression is induced by diverse cellular stresses through activation of transcription factors such as...
Skeletal muscle differentiation is tightly regulated by membrane potential dynamics and voltage-dependent ion channel activity. Potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) currents cooperate to orchestrate the transition of myoblasts into fusion-competent myot...
Human infertility affects approximately 17.5% of the global population, with male factors accounting for nearly half of all cases. Identifying reliable molecular biomarkers is crucial for improving the diagnosis and assessment of male fertility. This...
The C-terminus of the Y14 protein, which is also known as RBM8A and is encoded by the gene responsible for human thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome, contains two serines that undergo phosphorylation inside an intrinsically disordered region (IDR...
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men and remains a major clinical challenge due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Understanding gene expression dynamics at both cellular and spatial levels is essential for improvin...
Embryo and organ shapes emerge from the interplay between genetic programs and physical forces. In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of mechanical forces in morphogenesis. Here, we review how the integration of advanced...
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) has traditionally been defined as the ADP/ATP exchanger of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence reveals a substantially broader functional spectrum that extends beyond nucle...
CRISPR–Cas9 has progressed from an experimental tool to a therapeutic modality, marked by the first regulatory approvals of an ex vivo-edited autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell product that induces fetal hemoglobin (CASGEVY/exa-cel). In t...
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is expressed in retinal Müller glia cells, and its expression increases in response to photoreceptor degeneration. To investigate the physiological relevance of FGF2, we analyzed retinal morphology and cellular...
Utilization of a blood pump to aid in circulating a patient’s blood, otherwise known as mechanical circulatory support, is an effective and often life-saving treatment for cardiac/pulmonary failure patients, yet adverse events remain a common c...
Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is commonly performed to treat chronic rhinosinusitis and selected sinonasal tumors, yet postoperative complications such as neo-osteogenesis and restenosis remain frequent, largely due to impaired mucosal regeneration...
Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability, induces complex cascades of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that exacerbate brain injury. The peroxiredoxin (Prx; Prdx) family, composed of six thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), encoded by the PPARG gene on chromosome 3p25.2 in humans, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor family. In various tissues, PPARγ contro...
Changes in microbial composition during early infancy by various factors (mode of delivery, nutritional practices, antibiotic usage, and environmental influences) have been correlated with observable variances in cognitive abilities, temperament, str...
Elevated levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms in fibrosis are implicated in driving a dysfunctional profibrotic fibroblast phenotype. This study investigated the differential effects of the five PDGF isoforms (AA, AB, BB, CC, and...
Autophagy is a fundamental lysosome-dependent degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis in response to stress. VSP34 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting 34, PIK3C3) is the only class-III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and generates phosphatidylino...
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a rare inherited muscle disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of tubular aggregates (TAs) within skeletal muscle fibers. These aggregates, composed of compacted sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) tubules, ar...
Oligomeric species of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in saliva and phosphorylated α-syn deposits in the skin are established molecular biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, existing research has yet to fully explore the diagnos...
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by profound metabolic reprogramming and limited responsiveness to therapeutic stressors, including epigenetic modulation. How glycolytic enzymes contribute to metabolic stress tolerance in ccRC...
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a five-year survival rate of only 26%, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles released...
Introduction: Extensive thermal injury remains a formidable clinical challenge, primarily due to the profound deficit of autologous donor skin, which necessitates prolonged hospitalization and escalates healthcare expenditures. While human embryonic...
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), including papillary and follicular subtypes, is generally associated with favorable prognosis; however, a subset of patients develops recurrent, metastatic, or radioiodine-refractory diseases with limited therapeu...
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) gene, leading to excessive systemic deposition of calcium oxalate. This condition is an importa...
Kv4.2 channels are the principal mediators of the fast transient outward K+ current (Itof) in the heart and the A-type current (IA) in the nervous system, both of which play a relevant role in shaping cardiac action potentials and neuronal excitabili...
Embryonic stem cells represent a valuable germplasm resource with significant implications for breed conservation, development, and utilization. However, the scarcity of genetic resources in endangered species poses a fundamental constraint on obtain...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a secondary injury cascade characterized by persistent innate immune activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and progressive tissue loss that limits functional recovery. Here, we evaluated a systemic combination treat...
The conversion of primed pluripotent stem cells to a naive-like state has emerged as a critical strategy for enhancing developmental potential and broadening applications in regenerative medicine. Conditioned media (CM)-based approaches provide a sup...
Gastrointestinal malignancies remain among the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to late diagnosis, aggressive tumor progression, and resistance to conventional therapies. Tumor angiogenesis and the tumor...
In the original publication [...]
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder primarily affecting orbital tissues, but ocular surface and adnexal involvement represent a frequent and clinically significant component of disease burden. Beyond mechanical exposure r...
In the original publication [...]
Tooth development or odontogenesis is a complex morphogenetic process that requires tightly regulated interactions between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme of neural crest origin. In this narrative review, we compile existing knowledge regarding ge...
The gastrointestinal mucus barrier (GIMB) is a gelatinous structure consisting primarily of mucins, water, and cathelicidin. Such a structure is the first line of defense against pathogens in the intestinal cavity and acts an important environment fo...
Microphysiological systems (MPS) that recapitulate human organ functions have gained attention as alternatives to animal experiments in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and toxicity assessments. However, preserving MPS with adherent cells remai...
Skin and hair follicles regenerate through coordinated stem cell niches and cyclic signaling associated with transitions among anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. In alopecia and chronic skin diseases, follicular miniaturization, immune dysregulatio...
Hydra vulgaris, an ancient cnidarian, exhibits remarkable regenerative and neurogenic abilities, mediated by morphogenetic peptides, particularly the head activator peptide. This neuropeptide appears to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, a...
Corneal fibrosis, clinically referred to as corneal scarring, disrupts the normal architecture and transparency of the cornea and remains a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Although corneal transplantation can restore vision, its effective...
Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) are gaining recognition in regenerative medicine for their potential for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, as well as their immunomodulatory properties. Howeve...
Transcription factors that control stem cell programs are central drivers of cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. ARID3B, a DNA-binding protein overexpressed across multiple tumor types, expands the cancer stem cell population by r...
Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which physiologically possess numerous functions and belong to basic cellular components necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis and are essential for extracellular matrix formation and maintenance. In addition, fib...
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the principal limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation (LT). Early molecular alterations within the graft may precede clinically overt functional decline, but their biological signi...
Background: Transgenerational trauma (TT)/Intergenerational trauma (IT) is the transmission of the effects of traumatic experiences of parents to their children, who have not themselves experienced traumatic events. This transmission occurs through n...
The management of multiple sclerosis (MS) is shifting from a phenotype-based framework toward a biologically driven precision medicine model, as conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inadequately captures smoldering inflammation and progressi...
Background/Objectives: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) occur in nearly 5% of children in the United States and have been associated with alterations in neurological functions, neuroanatomical changes, and behavioral deficits encompassing an...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare ciliopathy resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. PCD diagnosis can be achieved by a combination of different diagnostic and adjuvant tools, including high-speed video-microscopy analysis (HSVA). A...
Gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP). Milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor VIII-derived oligopeptide 3 (MOP3) is a nove...
Background: Autologous fat grafting is widely used in reconstructive, aesthetic and regenerative surgery and often requires repeated applications. Cryopreservation of lipoaspirate enables autologous fat banking and off-the-shelf availability; however...
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