2026 September-2 - 94 articles
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the deposition of Lewy bodies (LBs). The gut–brain axis has emerged as a potential route for the bidirectional diss...
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains a cornerstone of treatment for advanced multivessel coronary artery disease. During the ischemic period, myocardial cells become injured and increasingly depend on...
Sleep disturbance is a prevalent public health concern associated with cognitive deficits and emotional dysregulation, yet the mechanisms underlying SD-induced hypothalamic dysfunction remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that two weeks of...
Bladder sensory neurons are essential components of lower urinary tract sensory encoding and micturition reflex control. They detect bladder filling, stretch, inflammatory mediators, and pathogen-associated stimuli, and they communicate with urotheli...
Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly discussed in relation to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet its effects on cellular lipid profiles remain poorly understood. Using targeted lipidomics, we investigated whether...
p53-dependent signaling and the integrated stress response (ISR) are major stress response programs that coordinate cellular metabolism and cell fate decisions. While p53 activation often promotes cell cycle arrest and cell death, the ISR can support...
Aging and glycative stress are major, interrelated drivers of skeletal fragility, yet the extent to which they act through shared versus distinct biological pathways remains poorly defined, limiting integrated therapeutic strategies. This review comp...
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is the central neuroendocrine system that controls physiological stress responses and maintains homeostasis through the coordinated interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ad...
The term virtual cell now covers objects ranging from curated biochemical simulators to atlas-trained neural representations, yet the decisive empirical question is narrower: whether a model built to obey known biochemical rules predicts the effects...
Imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism found in many diploid organisms that enables discrimination between genetic material inherited from one or the other parent. It has been predominantly studied in mammals, where, in the adult, it affects the expre...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as fundamental mediators of intercellular communication during infectious diseases, acting as vehicles for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that profoundly influence host–pathogen interactions. In re...
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a pivotal event during early mammalian embryonic development and is regulated by multiple molecular factors. In mice, previous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transposable elements...
Cell-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to promote regeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) plays a key role in neuroprotection and brain regeneration, providing a strong rationale for its exogenous delivery. Olfa...
Neuroinflammation is a coordinated response to central nervous system injury and disease involving resident glia, neurons, the neurovascular unit, and infiltrating immune cells. Although transient inflammatory signaling supports host defense, debris...
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of membrane-anchored C-peptides against HIV and have shown that the surface expression level of these peptides is critical for effective protective activity. Methods: Bicistronic genetic con...
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions that may present with developmental delay, intellectual disability, language impairment, epilepsy, autism-like features, motor abnormalities, or syndromic manifestations...
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pain and infertility. While research has mainly focused on local lesions, systemic immune dysfunction is increasingly i...
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Bidirectional transcription of the repeat expansion generates sense and antisense RNAs that are tr...
Background and Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects over 30% of adults globally; its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), has limited pharmacological options beyond the r...
Extreme heat events are increasing in frequency, duration, and severity, often with higher air pollution (AP) levels. The biological mechanisms underlying combined heat and AP exposures and the role of NLRX1 in pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction remai...
Mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate inward (Ca2+-exit) or outward (Ca2+-entry) currents (INCX), with the peak current (Ipeak) declining to the steady-state current (Iss). The Ca2+-, ATP-, and PIP2-dependent activation of cardiac (NCX1.1) inw...
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Platinum-based drugs are one of the major therapies; however, resistance remains a major therapeutic chall...
Protein function is closely tied to subcellular localization. Tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27), a member of the tripartite motif family, has been implicated in lupus nephritis (LN), yet the mechanistic basis of its pathogenic role remains inco...
The mechanisms by which alveoli form during lung development remain under investigation. The classical model proposes formation through secondary septation, whereas an alternative proposed model suggests that alveoli arise through epithelial budding...
T-cells are major therapeutic targets in cancer and immune-mediated diseases. Their development and differentiation require highly dynamic receptor turnover. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (PTPN23) encodes a ubiquitously expressed...
Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy, essential to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Several lines of evidence suggest that defective mitophagy is associated with various diseases, including breas...
Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder in which amyloid-β accumulation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, vascular injury, and neuronal loss interact across multiple cellular compartments....
Cytotoxic lymphocytes contribute to immune regulation at the maternal–fetal interface, yet their regulating mechanisms during early pregnancy remain elusive. We investigated compartment-specific NK- and γδT-cell degranulation toward...
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a major complication in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, driven by interconnected neutrophil activation, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and d...
Formerly recognized as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a multifunctional chaperone protein that plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity. Increasing evidence highlights a...
DLG4-related synaptopathy (SHINE syndrome) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in DLG4, which encodes the postsynaptic scaffolding protein (PSD)-95, a central organizer of excitatory synapses. However, the cellular and...
Hyaluronan (HA), a major extracellular matrix (ECM) glycosaminoglycan, plays a key role in breast cancer progression. Although native HA lacks sulfate groups, chemically modified sulfated hyaluronan (sHA) has demonstrated promising antitumor activity...
Bioprinting has been proposed for nearly every structure of the anterior eye, but the effort is unevenly spent. We systematically reviewed 71 experimental studies of bioprinting across the anterior segment: cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, lens, lacrimal...
High-grade canine B-cell lymphoma (cBCL) is a spontaneous cancer in dogs with similar pathologic features as human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The value of comparative oncology to both dogs and humans has long been recognized, but the prog...
Villous morphology is routinely used to stratify risk in conventional colorectal adenomas, yet it remains largely interpreted as a visual histological descriptor. This review proposes a different view: villous architecture is a graded, spatially orga...
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recurrent but context-dependent feature of neurodegenerative disease, and its position in the pathogenic cascade differs fundamentally between disorders. This narrative review argues that this heterogeneity, rather than...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory RNA molecules involved in numerous biological processes, including immune response. Although their functions remain difficult to characterize, lncRNAs have been associated with both productive and immune...
In addition to its contractile role, skeletal muscle has important secretory functions and communicates with local and distant tissues through myokines, a heterogeneous group of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, peptides, and extracellular-matri...
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolically active adipose depot surrounding most blood vessels and contributes to vascular homeostasis through local regulation of vascular tone, inflammation, and metabolic signaling. In prediabetes and dia...
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Among its defining hallmarks, metabolic reprogramming, particularly aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), emerged as a central driver of tumor progression...
Legumain, an asparaginyl endopeptidase, has emerged as a critical cysteine protease with diverse and complex roles in human health and disease. While traditionally known for its function in endolysosomal protein degradation, a growing body of evidenc...
Spatial heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a major determinant of molecular responses in inflammatory bowel disease, yet molecular analyses in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis commonly rely on whole-colon measurements that may ob...
Gastric cancer metastasis and poor treatment responses are spatially heterogeneous; however, single-marker positivity, cellular enrichment, or simple colocalization alone is insufficient to establish a functionally meaningful spatial niche. Within th...
Understanding neuroimmune responses during brain infections remains challenging because the site of disease (i.e., the brain) is difficult to access, immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS) are spatially and temporally compartmentali...
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by S100A9-mediated constitutive innate immune activation that leads to the inflammatory death of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). This suppressive microenvironment includes the secretion of...
Messenger RNA vaccines have moved rapidly from the infectious-disease area into oncology. They now represent an attractive therapeutic option for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Personalised constructs, designed to elicit tumour-specific T-cell immuni...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves not only the neural parenchyma but also brain-border interfaces in which border-associated macrophages (BAMs) regulate amyloid-β (Aβ) handling, vascular function, and immune surveillance. This review...
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of systemic energy balance and glucose homeostasis, yet how type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters its cellular and regulatory landscape remains incompletely understood. Here, we integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing...
Tumor microenvironments (TME) play a crucial role in the formation, progression, and drug resistance of many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system and are associated with b...
The progressive loss of native gastric glands in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) represents a critical step toward gastric carcinogenesis, yet the underlying cellular structural mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we formulate...
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