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Cells
Volume 15
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10.3390/cells15070617
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review

by
Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
1,2,3,†,
Danyal Reyaz
4,†,
Atharva Anand Mahajan
5,†,
Chae Moon Hong
1,2,6,
Kandasamy Nagarajan ArulJothi
4,*,
Byeong-Cheol Ahn
1,2,6,* and
Prakash Gangadaran
1,2,*
1
Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
2
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
3
BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India
5
Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
6
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2026, 15(7), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070617
Submission received: 23 February 2026 / Revised: 25 March 2026 / Accepted: 27 March 2026 / Published: 30 March 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutaneous Regeneration and Tissue Engineering: From Hair Follicle Regeneration to Skin Restoration)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Skin and hair follicles regenerate through coordinated stem cell niches and cyclic signaling associated with transitions among anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. In alopecia and chronic skin diseases, follicular miniaturization, immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, impaired vascularization, and a compromised stratum corneum barrier limit the effectiveness of conventional topical and systemic therapies. Bio-nanovesicles (BNVs), including natural extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles, as well as engineered artificial or hybrid nanovesicles, offer a targeted, cell-free delivery platform for miRNAs, proteins, and growth factors. By modulating key pathways—Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and TGF-β/BMP—BNVs have the potential to restore regenerative crosstalk, enhance angiogenesis, and help initiate hair and skin repair.
Keywords: bio-nanovesicles; extracellular vesicles; exosomes; artificial nanovesicles; hair regeneration; Wnt/β-catenin signaling; dermal papilla cells; skin regeneration bio-nanovesicles; extracellular vesicles; exosomes; artificial nanovesicles; hair regeneration; Wnt/β-catenin signaling; dermal papilla cells; skin regeneration

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rajendran, R.L.; Reyaz, D.; Mahajan, A.A.; Hong, C.M.; ArulJothi, K.N.; Ahn, B.-C.; Gangadaran, P. Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review. Cells 2026, 15, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070617

AMA Style

Rajendran RL, Reyaz D, Mahajan AA, Hong CM, ArulJothi KN, Ahn B-C, Gangadaran P. Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review. Cells. 2026; 15(7):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070617

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajendran, Ramya Lakshmi, Danyal Reyaz, Atharva Anand Mahajan, Chae Moon Hong, Kandasamy Nagarajan ArulJothi, Byeong-Cheol Ahn, and Prakash Gangadaran. 2026. "Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review" Cells 15, no. 7: 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070617

APA Style

Rajendran, R. L., Reyaz, D., Mahajan, A. A., Hong, C. M., ArulJothi, K. N., Ahn, B.-C., & Gangadaran, P. (2026). Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review. Cells, 15(7), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070617

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