1,331 Results Found

Patients affected by mental disorders smoke more than the general population. The reasons behind this habit are genetic, environmental, etc. This study aims to investigate the correlations between some polymorphisms and the smoking habits and nicotin...

Treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders represent a major clinical challenge, with a significant proportion of patients remaining refractory to conventional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a neuros...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) reduces affected patients’ quality of life and leads to important social health care costs. Pharmacogenomics-guided treatment (PGT) may be effective in the cure of TRD. The main aim of this study was to eval...

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2–3%. It significantly burdens quality of life and is associated with substantial economic and disease burdens. Cognitive-behavioral ther...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental illness with grave social, political, economic, and humanitarian implications. To apply the principles of personalized omics-based medicine to this psychiatric problem, we implemented our previ...

Psychiatric disorders seem to be characterized by premature cell senescence. However, controversial results have also been reported. In addition, the relationship between accelerated aging and treatment-resistance has scarcely been investigated. In t...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been studied as a biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD). Besides diagnostic biomarkers, clinically useful biomarkers can inform response to treatment. We aimed to review all studies that sought to r...

Background/Objectives: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric illness with intrusive obsessions and compulsive behaviors severely impacting daily functioning and quality of life. The purpose of this narrative review is to...

Ketamine is a promising alternative to traditional pharmacotherapies for major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and other psychiatric conditions that heavily contribute to the global disease burden. In contrast to the current stan...

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition associated with treatment resistance, cognitive decline, structural brain changes, and an approximately 13-year reduction in life expectancy compared to the general population. Depression in BD...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge, with a substantial proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) failing to respond to conventional antidepressant therapies. Increasing evidence suggests that dys...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD), connecting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and reduced neuroplasticity. Physical exercise induces speci...

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. While there are several options for antidepressant treatment, only about 40–60% of patients respond to initial...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a substantial burden for psychiatric care, affecting approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Adolescent populations with depression are a particularly challenging demographic t...

Functional neurosurgery has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe, treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Among the most studied in...

Current pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are often only partially effective, with many patients experiencing no significant benefit, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Psilocybin, a classical serotonergic p...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects 20–30% of patients with major depressive disorder and presents a significant clinical challenge due to its biological diversity. This review highlights standard mechanisms that contribute to treatmen...

Changes in serum copper concentration are observed in patients with depressive symptoms. Unmet needs in contemporary antidepressant treatment have increased interest in non-monoaminergic antidepressants, such as ketamine, an anaesthetic drug that has...

Ketamine and its enantiomers represent an innovative glutamatergic agent as a treatment for individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal ideation and behavior. Intranasal (IN) formulations co...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as the failure to achieve adequate response to at least two antidepressant trials, affects 20–30% of patients with major depressive disorder and poses substantial personal and socioeconomic burdens....

Affective (AF) and Schizophrenic (SZ) Spectrum disorders manifest with risk factors, involving inflammatory processes linked to infections and autoimmunity. This study searched for novel biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. A...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the etiology and treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, peripheral BDNF concentrations have not been compared across different MDD stages. Bright light therapy (BLT) o...

The estimated rate of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) remains higher than 30%, even after the discovery of multiple classes of antidepressants in the last 7 decades. Toludesvenlafaxine (ansofaxine, LY03005, or LPM570065) is a firs...

Psychiatric neurosurgery is undergoing a profound transformation, propelled by advances in neurotechnology, connectomics, and personalized medicine. Once controversial, surgical interventions are now guided by detailed functional brain mapping and pr...

Background/Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder, with a significant portion of patients developing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Esketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor indicated as a...

(1) Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide. Although several antidepressant drugs have been developed, up to 30% of patients fail to achieve remission, and acute remission rates decrea...

Background: Concerns over cognitive side effects (CSE) of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) still limit its broader usage for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the CSE of Low Amplitude Seizure Therap...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) that fails to respond to first-line pharmacotherapy. This cross-sectional study compared blood concentrations of folic acid, vitamin B12, and homocysteine between fe...

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects up to 30–40% of patients with major depressive disorder and remains a major therapeutic challenge. Genetic and epigenetic factors are increasingly recognized as key contributors to both v...

Major depressive disorder (MMD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately one-third of patients with MDD fail to achieve response or remission leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). One of the psychopharmacological strategie...

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is considered one of the major clinical challenges in the field of psychiatry. An estimated 44% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to two consecutive antidepressant therapi...

Background and Clinical Significance: Treatment resistant psychiatric disorders affect millions of people across the globe. Ketamine has been employed as a treatment option for those with treatment resistant depression, as well as for chronic pain an...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) was long framed as a single clinical entity arising from a linear stress–monoamine–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis cascade. This view was shaped by forced swim and learned helplessness...

Antidepressant therapies, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are current first-line treatments for Major Depressive Disorder. However, over 50% of treated patients show an inadequate response to initial antidepressant therapy. I...

Background/Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a leading cause of global disability, with approximately one-third of patients exhibiting treatment resistance (TRD) despite adequate pharmacological interventions. This treatment gap...

Background: Insomnia, as one of the most common sleep disorders, is a significant health problem, especially among patients suffering from drug-resistant depression. Problems related to the quality of sleep in that population can significantly affect...

Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who fail to respond to established treatments are at risk for chronic disability and distress. Although treatment-resistant PTSD (TR-PTSD) is a common clinical problem, there is currently no standar...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric condition with limited treatment options for patients who are resistant to conventional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Stem cell (SC)-based therapies have...

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established intervention for severe and treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, yet its use in adolescents remains limited, particularly in Europe. Data on its safety and effectiveness in this...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disorder that causes significant dysfunction in individuals. Currently, there are many approved pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment options for PTSD, but unfortunately, hal...

Objective: This pilot case series investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an eight-week therapy program, combining nasally administered ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) with trauma-focused psychotherapy, for individuals with chronic, treatment-resistant pos...

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We aim to compare the treatment outcomes of a newly developed dual-site cathodal tDCS method o...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 4.4% of the world’s population. One third of MDD patients do not respond to routine psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic treatment and are said to suffer from treatment-resistant depres...

Children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome may suffer from comorbid psychological and behavioral difficulties, primarily Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-related manifestations including impulsive, aggressive, and disruptive behavior, an...

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. It causes individual suffering, loss of productivity, increased health care costs and high suicide risk. Current pharmacologic interventions fail to produce at leas...

Over a third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not have an adequate response to first-line antidepressant treatments, i.e., they have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). These patients tend to have a more severe course of illness...

Background/Objectives: OCD is a chronic psychiatric disorder, often requiring long-term pharmacological treatment. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line agents, 40 to 60% of patients show only partial or n...

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) shows promise as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression in adolescents. Conventional rTMS coil placement strategies includ...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is associated with significant disability, and due to its high prevalence, it results in a substantive socio-economic burden at a global level. TRD is the inability to accomplish and/or achieve remission after an...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critical for neuroplasticity, synaptic transmission, and neuronal survival. Studies have implicated it in the pathophysiology of depression, as its expression is significantly reduced in brain areas such as...