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932 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,887 Views
12 Pages

4 February 2023

A transformer is an important part of the power system. Existing transformer fault diagnosis methods are still limited by the accuracy and efficiency of the solution and excessively rely on manpower. In this paper, a novel neural network is designed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,043 Views
22 Pages

A Siamese Vision Transformer for Bearings Fault Diagnosis

  • Qiuchen He,
  • Shaobo Li,
  • Qiang Bai,
  • Ansi Zhang,
  • Jing Yang and
  • Mingming Shen

30 September 2022

Fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have progressed greatly in recent years. However, the limited training data and complex work conditions still restrict the application of these intelligent methods. This paper proposes an intelligent bea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,763 Views
16 Pages

RETRACTED: Fault Diagnosis of Traction Transformer Based on Bayesian Network

  • Yong Xiao,
  • Weiguo Pan,
  • Xiaomin Guo,
  • Sheng Bi,
  • Ding Feng and
  • Sheng Lin

22 September 2020

As the core equipment of a traction power supply system, the traction transformer is very important to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system. At present, the three-ratio method is mainly used to distinguish transformer faults, whereas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,037 Views
19 Pages

14 February 2024

Since the traditional transformer fault diagnosis method based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is challenging to meet today’s engineering needs, this paper proposes a multi-model fusion transformer fault diagnosis method based on TimesNet and I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
5,294 Views
26 Pages

Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved BP Neural Network

  • Yongshuang Jin,
  • Hang Wu,
  • Jianfeng Zheng,
  • Ji Zhang and
  • Zhi Liu

21 August 2023

Power transformers are complex and extremely important piece of electrical equipment in a power system, playing an important role in changing voltage and transmitting electricity. Its operational status directly affects the stability and safety of po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,951 Views
23 Pages

26 December 2024

In view of the rolling bearing fault signal non-stationarity, strong noise can lead to low fault diagnosis accuracy. A Swin Transformer and generalized S Transform fault diagnosis method is proposed to solve the problems of difficult signal feature e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
6,906 Views
15 Pages

Convolutional Neural Network-Based Transformer Fault Diagnosis Using Vibration Signals

  • Chao Li,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Cheng Yang,
  • Jingjian Yang,
  • Zhigang Liu and
  • Pooya Davari

16 May 2023

Fast and accurate fault diagnosis is crucial to transformer safety and cost-effectiveness. Recently, vibration analysis for transformer fault diagnosis is attracting increasing attention due to its ease of implementation and low cost, while the compl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,531 Views
21 Pages

TSViT: A Time Series Vision Transformer for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

  • Shouhua Zhang,
  • Jiehan Zhou,
  • Xue Ma,
  • Susanna Pirttikangas and
  • Chunsheng Yang

21 November 2024

Efficient and accurate fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is extremely important. Fault diagnosis methods using vibration signals based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become increasingly mature. They often struggle with capturing the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,236 Views
18 Pages

22 November 2022

Transformers and circuit breakers are essential equipment in traction power supply systems. Once a fault occurs, it will affect the train’s regular operation and even threaten passengers’ personal safety. Therefore, it is essential to dia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,407 Views
20 Pages

16 August 2024

As an indispensable part of the power system, transformers need to be continuously monitored to detect anomalies or faults in a timely manner to avoid serious damage to the power grid and society. This article proposes a combined model for transforme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,368 Views
16 Pages

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on SVD-GST Combined with Vision Transformer

  • Fengyun Xie,
  • Gan Wang,
  • Haiyan Zhu,
  • Enguang Sun,
  • Qiuyang Fan and
  • Yang Wang

19 August 2023

Aiming at rolling bearing fault diagnosis, the collected vibration signal contains complex noise interference, and one-dimensional information cannot be used to fully mine the data features of the problem. This paper proposes a rolling bearing fault...

  • Article
  • Open Access
Energies2026, 19(3), 599;https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030599 
(registering DOI)

23 January 2026

Power transformers are critical assets in power systems, and their reliable operation is essential for grid stability. Conventional fault diagnosis methods suffer from delayed response and limited adaptability, while existing artificial intelligence-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
2,983 Views
15 Pages

Transformer Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Incomplete Data and TPE-XGBoost

  • Tonglei Wang,
  • Qun Li,
  • Jinggang Yang,
  • Tianxi Xie,
  • Peng Wu and
  • Jiabi Liang

26 June 2023

Dissolved gas analysis is an important method for diagnosing the operating condition of power transformers. Traditional methods such as IEC Ratios and Duval Triangles and Pentagon methods are not applicable in the case of abnormal or missing values o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,294 Views
21 Pages

Low-Power Chemiresistive Gas Sensors for Transformer Fault Diagnosis

  • Haixia Mei,
  • Jingyi Peng,
  • Dongdong Xu and
  • Tao Wang

29 September 2024

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is considered to be the most convenient and effective approach for transformer fault diagnosis. Due to their excellent performance and development potential, chemiresistive gas sensors are anticipated to supersede the tra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
80 Citations
4,822 Views
19 Pages

20 May 2022

In order to improve the diagnosis accuracy and generalization of bearing faults, an integrated vision transformer (ViT) model based on wavelet transform and the soft voting method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the discrete wavelet transform (DW...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
5,690 Views
19 Pages

27 June 2020

The transformers work in a complex environment, which makes them prone to failure. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is one of the most important methods for oil-immersed transformers’ internal insulation fault diagnosis. In view of the high correla...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,155 Views
19 Pages

A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearings Combining Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer

  • Wenkai Liu,
  • Zhigang Zhang,
  • Jiarui Zhang,
  • Haixiang Huang,
  • Guocheng Zhang and
  • Mingda Peng

Efficient and accurate fault diagnosis plays an essential role in the safe operation of machinery. In respect of fault diagnosis, various data-driven methods based on deep learning have attracted widespread attention for research in recent years. Con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
805 Views
19 Pages

23 November 2025

Reliable bearing fault diagnosis plays an important role in maintaining the safety and performance of rotating machinery in industrial systems. Although deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in this field, their dependence on a single...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,019 Views
23 Pages

Intelligent Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Multivariate Symmetrized Dot Pattern and LEG Transformer

  • Bin Pang,
  • Jiaxun Liang,
  • Han Liu,
  • Jiahao Dong,
  • Zhenli Xu and
  • Xin Zhao

Deep learning based on vibration signal image representation has proven to be effective for the intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings. However, previous studies have focused primarily on dealing with single-channel vibration signal processing, whic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,141 Views
33 Pages

Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Using Neural Network Optimization Techniques

  • Vasiliki Rokani,
  • Stavros D. Kaminaris,
  • Petros Karaisas and
  • Dimitrios Kaminaris

19 November 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are considered the most advanced approaches for diagnosing faults in power transformers. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is the conventional approach widely adopted for diagnosing incipient faults in power transfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,735 Views
19 Pages

27 March 2025

To address the challenge of low diagnostic accuracy in rolling bearing fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions, this paper proposes a novel method integrating the synchronized wavelet transform (SWT) with an enhanced Vision Transformer arc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,223 Views
13 Pages

Improved RAkEL’s Fault Diagnosis Method for High-Speed Train Traction Transformer

  • Man Li,
  • Xinyi Zhou,
  • Siyao Qin,
  • Ziyan Bin and
  • Yanhui Wang

25 September 2023

The traction system is very important to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains, and the failure of the traction transformer is the most likely fault in the traction system. Fault diagnosis in actual work relies largely on manual experience....

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,508 Views
18 Pages

Transformer Core Fault Diagnosis via Current Signal Analysis with Pearson Correlation Feature Selection

  • Daryl Domingo,
  • Akeem Bayo Kareem,
  • Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa,
  • Paul Michael Custodio and
  • Jang-Wook Hur

29 February 2024

The role of transformers in power distribution is crucial, as their reliable operation is essential for maintaining the electrical grid’s stability. Single-phase transformers are highly versatile, making them suitable for various applications r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,175 Views
13 Pages

1 September 2025

Bearings are vital to rotating machinery, where undetected faults can cause severe failures. Conventional fault diagnosis methods depend on manual feature engineering and labeled data, struggling with complex industrial conditions. This study introdu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,130 Views
22 Pages

20 April 2022

To improve the reliability and accuracy of a transformer fault diagnosis model based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network, this study proposed an enhanced distributed parallel firefly algorithm based on the Taguchi method (EDPFA). First, a distri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,152 Views
25 Pages

Research on Transformer Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Strategy Generation Based on TransQwen Model

  • Zichun Xue,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Hengrui Ma,
  • Jiaxin Zhang,
  • Hanqi Zhang and
  • Jinhui Zhou

23 June 2025

Currently, transformer fault diagnosis primarily relies on the subjective judgment of maintenance personnel, which entails significant human effort and expertise. Moreover, unstructured text data—such as historical defect logs and maintenance r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
1,421 Views
15 Pages

13 December 2024

Accurate fault diagnosis of transformers is crucial for preventing power system failures and ensuring the continued reliability of electrical grids. To address the challenge of low accuracy in transformer fault diagnosis using support vector machines...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
5,130 Views
18 Pages

A Transformer Fault Diagnosis Model Based On Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer and LS-SVM

  • Bing Zeng,
  • Jiang Guo,
  • Wenqiang Zhu,
  • Zhihuai Xiao,
  • Fang Yuan and
  • Sixu Huang

1 November 2019

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is a widely used method for transformer internal fault diagnosis. However, the traditional DGA technology, including Key Gas method, Dornenburg ratio method, Rogers ratio method, International Electrotechnical Commission...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
5,059 Views
18 Pages

A Transformer Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Chemical Reaction Optimization and Twin Support Vector Machine

  • Fang Yuan,
  • Jiang Guo,
  • Zhihuai Xiao,
  • Bing Zeng,
  • Wenqiang Zhu and
  • Sixu Huang

12 March 2019

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformers plays a significant role in the safe, stable and reliable operation of the whole power system. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) methods are widely used for fault diagnosis, however, their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,535 Views
25 Pages

11 November 2023

As a pivotal integral component within electronic systems, analog circuits are of paramount importance for the timely detection and precise diagnosis of their faults. However, the objective reality of limited fault samples in operational devices with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,530 Views
23 Pages

17 July 2023

Fault diagnosis of bearings in rotating machinery is a critical task. Vibration signals are a valuable source of information, but they can be complex and noisy. A transformer model can capture distant relationships, which makes it a promising solutio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
3,533 Views
21 Pages

24 May 2021

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) based in insulating oil has become a more mature method in the field of transformer fault diagnosis. However, due to the complexity and diversity of fault types, the traditional modeling method based on oil sample analysi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
826 Views
20 Pages

In order to solve the problems of difficulty in extracting effective features from dissolved gases in transformer oil and limited recognition accuracy of the fault diagnosis model, a feature selection and improved black-winged kite algorithm (IBKA) o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
715 Views
21 Pages

DFed-LT: A Decentralized Federated Learning with Lightweight Transformer Network for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis

  • Keqiang Xie,
  • Cheng Cheng,
  • Yiwei Cheng,
  • Yuanhang Wang,
  • Liping Chen,
  • Wen Wen and
  • Wei Shang

27 October 2025

In recent years, deep learning has been increasingly applied in the field of fault diagnosis, but it currently faces two challenges: (1) data privacy issues prevent the aggregation of data from different users to form a large training dataset; (2) th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,040 Views
18 Pages

23 March 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis under a small sample, variable load, and noise conditions, a new fault diagnosis method based on an image information fusion and Vision Transformer (ViT) transfer learning model is proposed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,699 Views
20 Pages

11 January 2023

There have been some successful attempts to develop data-driven fault diagnostic methods in recent years. A common assumption in most studies is that the data of the source and target domains are obtained from the same sensor. Nevertheless, because e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,064 Views
22 Pages

23 August 2024

A mechanical vibration fault diagnosis is a key means of ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers. To achieve an accurate diagnosis of transformer vibration faults, this paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis method based on time-shift...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
938 Views
20 Pages

A Diffusion Model-Empowered CNN-Transformer for Few-Shot Fault Diagnosis in Natural Gas Wells

  • Chuanping Wang,
  • Yudong Li,
  • Jiajia Wang,
  • Yuzhe Wang,
  • Yufeng Liu,
  • Ling Han,
  • Fan Yang and
  • Xiaoyong Gao

18 August 2025

Natural gas wells operate under complex conditions with frequent environmental disturbances. Fault types vary significantly and often present weak signals, affecting both safety and efficiency. This paper proposes an intelligent fault-diagnosis metho...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,795 Views
25 Pages

Sequence-Aware Vision Transformer with Feature Fusion for Fault Diagnosis in Complex Industrial Processes

  • Zhong Zhang,
  • Ming Xu,
  • Song Wang,
  • Xin Guo,
  • Jinfeng Gao and
  • Aiguo Patrick Hu

8 February 2025

Industrial fault diagnosis faces unique challenges with high-dimensional data, long time-series, and complex couplings, which are characterized by significant information entropy and intricate information dependencies inherent in datasets. Traditiona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,950 Views
18 Pages

Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer Based on Time-Shift Multiscale Bubble Entropy and Stochastic Configuration Network

  • Fei Chen,
  • Wanfu Tian,
  • Liyao Zhang,
  • Jiazheng Li,
  • Chen Ding,
  • Diyi Chen,
  • Weiyu Wang,
  • Fengjiao Wu and
  • Bin Wang

16 August 2022

In order to accurately diagnose the fault type of power transformer, this paper proposes a transformer fault diagnosis method based on the combination of time-shift multiscale bubble entropy (TSMBE) and stochastic configuration network (SCN). Firstly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
796 Views
37 Pages

Rolling bearings, as core components in mechanical systems, directly influence the overall reliability of equipment. However, continuous operation under complex working conditions can easily lead to gradual performance degradation and sudden faults,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,566 Views
21 Pages

19 April 2024

With the introduction of numerous technologies and equipment, the volume of data in smart substations has undergone exponential growth. In order to enhance the intelligent management level of substations and promote their efficient and sustainable de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,428 Views
18 Pages

Bearing Fault Diagnosis for Cross-Condition Scenarios Under Data Scarcity Based on Transformer Transfer Learning Network

  • Miaoling Wu,
  • Jun Zhang,
  • Peidong Xu,
  • Yingjie Liang,
  • Yuxin Dai,
  • Tianlu Gao and
  • Yuyang Bai

Motor-bearing fault diagnosis is critical for industrial equipment reliability, yet traditional data-driven methods require extensive labeled data, which are often scarce in real-world applications. To address this challenge, we propose a Transformer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
298 Views
20 Pages

Fault Diagnosis of Core Drilling Rig Gearbox Based on Transformer and DCA-xLSTM

  • Xiaolong Wu,
  • Yaosen Du,
  • Pengju Gao,
  • Xiaoren Tang,
  • Jianxun Liu and
  • Hanchen Ma

5 December 2025

The gearbox is a core component of drilling rigs, valued for its high efficiency and load capacity. However, prolonged operation under heavy loads makes it prone to wear and failure. Complicating diagnosis, the vibration signals generated are highly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
323 Views
24 Pages

Research on Deformation Fault Diagnosis of Transformer Windings Based on a Highly Sensitive Multimodal Feature System

  • Guochao Qian,
  • Xiao Li,
  • Dexu Zou,
  • Haoruo Sun,
  • Weiju Dai,
  • Shan Wang,
  • Chunxiao He,
  • Zetong Wang,
  • Yuhan Zou and
  • Shoulong Dong
  • + 1 author

22 December 2025

The current mainstream methods for online detection of transformers all have shortcomings such as low sensitivity and susceptibility to interference from the testing environment. Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing online detection methods for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,225 Views
24 Pages

7 May 2025

Fault diagnosis in large-scale systems presents significant challenges due to the complexity and high dimensionality of data, as well as the scarcity of labeled fault data, which are hard to obtain during the practical operation process. This paper p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
274 Views
25 Pages

1 December 2025

Fault diagnosis of railway signal relays is crucial for the operational safety and efficiency of railway systems. With the continuous advancement of deep learning techniques in various applications, voiceprint-based fault diagnosis has emerged as a r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,982 Views
21 Pages

17 August 2023

Using vibration signals for bearing fault diagnosis can generally achieve good diagnostic results. However, it is not suitable for practical industrial applications due to the restricted installation and high cost of vibration sensors. Therefore, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
272 Views
21 Pages

Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox Bearings Based on Multi-Feature Fusion Dual-Channel CNN-Transformer-CAM

  • Lihai Chen,
  • Yonghui He,
  • Ao Tan,
  • Xiaolong Bai,
  • Zhenshui Li and
  • Xiaoqiang Wang

13 January 2026

As a core component of the gearbox, bearings are crucial to the stability and reliability of the transmission system. However, dynamic variations in operating conditions and complex noise interference present limitations for existing fault diagnosis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
8,291 Views
15 Pages

The most frequent faults in rotating electrical machines occur in their rolling element bearings. Thus, an effective health diagnosis mechanism of rolling element bearings is necessary from operational and economical points of view. Recently, convolu...

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