Strain sensors can indicate the conditions of concrete structures, but these sensors are only capable of measuring local behaviors of materials. To solve this problem, researchers have introduced conductive materials that can monitor the overall beha...
During the converter steelmaking process, gas-slag-metal three-phase emulsification is realized by injecting gas to complete metallurgical tasks such as slagging, dephosphorization, decarburization, and heating. As green and intelligent development o...
Pursuing the intellectualization of a steelmaking plant and developing a charge plan of the steelmaking-continuous casting section are critical in metallurgy engineering. Herein, we aim to develop a charge plan model based on the operation of the ste...
This work aimed to establish a relationship between the parameters affecting the steelmaking process and the quality of the quarto plates. We knew that the main causes of product defects in the plates were in the steelmaking process, so we sought to...
The BOF steelmaking process involves complex physical and chemical reactions, making precise control challenging when relying solely on human experience. Therefore, understanding the reaction mechanisms and developing simulation models for the BOF pr...
Separating P2O5 from steelmaking slag is the key to achieving optimum resource utilization of slag. If the P-concentrating 2CaO∙SiO2–3CaO∙P2O5 solid solution was effectively separated, it can be a potential phosphate resource and the remaining slag r...
Steelmaking slags are a promising resource as artificial seaweed beds for the reconstitution of marine environments. To grow seaweed well, the formation of biofilms is an essential process in biofouling. This study focused on the formation of initial...
This research is motivated by the practical pre-steelmaking stage in large iron and steel companies, which have steady and heavy demands for the steelmaking production process. Our problem studied the pre-steelmaking stage, which consists of two step...
Steelmaking slags are prospective base materials for seaweed beds, resulting from a continuous process of biofouling, starting from biofilm formation and leading to growing algae. While focusing on biofilm formation, we investigated specific features...
The electric arc furnace (EAF) has the potential to significantly contribute to the decarbonization of the iron and steel industry. However, during EAF steelmaking, carbon still needs to be injected into the molten slag to initiate slag foaming, whic...
Steelmaking in the electric arc furnace (EAF), either scrap-based or based on hydrogen direct reduced iron, will in future contribute substantially to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry. However, there still will be the nee...
The mechanism of lime dissolution in steelmaking slag and the factors that influence the dissolution rate are highly significant in improving the efficiency of the steelmaking process; however, they are yet to be fully understood. Here, the effects o...
The production process from iron ore to steel can be divided into several stages, among which the processes of vanadium extraction and steelmaking are two key technological sections. The products of vanadium extraction are important strategic resourc...
Electric arc furnace slag is a major by-product of steelmaking, yet its industrial utilization remains limited due to its complex chemical and mineralogical composition. This study presents a hydrogen-based approach to recover metallic components fro...
The basic oxygen steelmaking process is based on the CaO-FeO-SiO2 ternary slag system, characterized by a high melting point and low lime dissolution rate, often becoming one of the key factors limiting the efficiency of the converter. The bulk solid...
Steelmaking processes inevitably generate large amounts of byproducts, including slags, specks of dust, etc., and their treatment has been a critical issue for the steelmaking industry. Kish graphite is a valuable substance existing in steelmaking by...
The continuous improvement of the steelmaking process is a critical issue for steelmakers. In the production of Ca-treated Al-killed steel, the Ca and S contents are controlled for successful inclusion modification treatment. In this study, a machine...
Hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust was investigated on a laboratory scale, using aqueous sodium hydroxide solution as a leaching agent. Special attention was paid to the effect of NaOH concentration, temperature and li...
Herein, a supersonic combustion coherent jet is proposed based on current coherent jet technology to improve the impact capacity of a coherent jet and increase the stirring intensity of the electric arc furnace (EAF) bath. Further, numerical simulati...
Top-bottom combined blowing converter steelmaking involves complex thermodynamic and kinetic processes, and predictive modeling has long been a key focus in steelmaking research. This paper proposes a kinetic process prediction model with on-site app...
The European steel industry is experiencing new challenges related to the market situation and climate policy. Experience from the period of pandemic restrictions and the effects of Russia’s armed invasion of Ukraine has given many countries a...
Mineralogical phases of steelmaking slags have significant influences on the carbonation of the slags. In this paper, the effects of temperature and reaction time on the conversion of calcium-related phases and the carbonation degree of a slag sample...
This article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the possibility of processing steelmaking slags into an artificial granulated filler for concrete by the method of forced carbonization and the stabilization of the obtained fille...
The steelmaking processes are considered extremely energy-intensive and carbon-dependent processes. In 2018, it was estimated that the emissions from global steel production represented 7–9% of direct emissions generated by fossil fuels. It was estim...
The technology of submerged carbon powder injection with CO2 and O2 mixed gas (SCPI-COMG) is a new type of powder injection technology. It can increase the molten bath carbon content and improve the molten steel quality by injecting carbon powder dir...
As having an important part of coordination control in steelmaking process, traditional production planning and scheduling technologies are developed with little consideration of the metallurgy mechanism, leading to lower feasibility for actual produ...
Converter blowing limestone powder making slag steelmaking process has the advantages of low carbon and high efficiency, and can realize the resource utilization of CO2 in the metallurgical process, which is in line with the development direction of...
In this paper, we present a novel support vector machine learning method for multi-label classification in the steelmaking process. The steelmaking process involves complicated physicochemical reactions. The end-point temperature is the key to the st...
Decarbonizing the iron and steelmaking industry is critical for China to pursue the net-zero emissions target and advance sustainable industrialization (SDG 9). This paper addresses the urgent need for decarbonization strategies in this sector, aimin...
This paper proposes a human-in-the-loop framework that integrates machine learning models with semantic technologies to aid decision making in the domain of steelmaking. To achieve this, we convert a random forest (RF) into rules in a Semantic Web Ru...
The mechanisms at different pH for the stabilization of arsenic (As) in mine tailings (MTs) using steelmaking slag were investigated using laboratory experiments. Two types of steelmaking slag were used in the experiments. Ca-slag has high pH and hig...
Regulating the process parameters in converter steelmaking is crucial for reducing the phosphorus content in molten steel and enhancing its quality. However, immoderate alteration may result in raised production costs and the occurrence of phosphorus...
In this study, the decarburization behavior in basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking was investigated based on the multi-zone reaction mechanism. The contributions of the main reaction zones to decarburization were clarified, and the effects of key...
The basic oxygen steelmaking process (BOS) faces the issue of the absence of information about the melt temperature and the carbon concentration in the melt. Although deterministic models for predicting steelmaking process variables are being develop...
Promoted by carbon neutrality and solid iste policies, iron- and steelmaking iste slag (ISWS)-based glass-ceramics have drawn attention because of their contribution to achieving the net-zero carbon emissions goal for the iron- and steelmaking indust...
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking is, worldwide, the most frequently applied process. According to the world steel organization statistical report, 2021, it saw a total production share of 73.2%, or 1371.2 million tons per year of the world stee...
The key to endpoint control in basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking lies in accurately predicting the endpoint carbon content and temperature. However, BOF steelmaking data are complex and change distribution due to variations in raw material batch...
The study of co-fusion was one of the essential topics in the history of metallurgy in China. Simulation experiments were an essential concept in the study of the co-fusion steelmaking process. This paper mainly studied the simulation experiments of...
The prospects of processing blast furnace and steelmaking sludge using the Waelz process in a laboratory rotary kiln, is shown. The influence of different processing temperatures, furnace atmosphere and the type of reducing agents on the level of zin...
This paper presents the application of a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, concretely Q-Learning, as the core of a decision support system (DSS) for a steelmaking subprocess, the Composition Adjustment by Sealed Argon-bubbling with Oxygen Blowin...
The performance and quality of steel products are significantly impacted by the alloying element control. The efficiency of alloy utilization in the steelmaking process was directly related to element yield. This study analyses the factors that influ...
Steelmaking and ferrous metal processing companies are suppliers of great importance to a wide array of industries, thus being quintessential for the social and financial growth of regions and countries. Most used processes (i.e., blast furnace, basi...
Several studies have shown an increased mortality rate for different types of tumors, respiratory disease and cardiovascular morbidity associated with foundry work. Airborne particles were investigated in a steelmaking foundry using an electric low-p...
One of the main charging materials of the Linz–Donawitz oxygen steelmaking process (LD) is scrap. Scrap acts as a coolant for the exothermic reactions inside the LD vessel and as an iron source in addition to hot metal. The optimization of the...
The objective of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is to achieve molten steel with final carbon content, temperature, and phosphorus content meeting the requirements. Accurate prediction of the above properties is crucial for end-point control i...
In the iron and steel industry, evaluating the energy utilization efficiency (EUE) and determining the optimal energy matching mode play an important role in addressing increasing energy depletion and environmental problems. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF...
The fine description of multi-process operation behavior in steelmaking-continuous casting process is an important foundation for the improvement of production scheduling in steel plants. With sufficient consideration on non-collision movements among...
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking is an important way for steel production. Correctly recognizing different blowing periods and abnormal refining states is significant to ensure normal production process, while accurately predicting the end-poin...
The steelmaking process is an energy-intensive multi-stage process, and the step involving the conversion of molten iron to steel, commonly performed in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF), makes an important contribution to greenhouse gas generation. The e...
A review of the control laws (models) of alternating current arc steelmaking furnaces’ (ASF) electric modes (EM) is carried out. A phase-symmetric three-component additive fuzzy model of electrode movement control signal formation is proposed. A synt...
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