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1,033 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,935 Views
15 Pages

The spatial association network of PM2.5 is constructed using a modified gravity model, with the data of 31 provinces in China from 2009–2020. On this basis, the spatial correlation structure of PM2.5 and its influencing factors were investigat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,190 Views
49 Pages

27 April 2025

The digital economy has become an important engine for global economic development by promoting optimal resource allocation and advancing industrial restructuring. Based on the panel data from 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2021, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,778 Views
25 Pages

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Spatial Association Network of Food Security Level in China

  • Chuansong Zhao,
  • Chunxia Li,
  • Jianxu Liu,
  • Haixia Lian and
  • Woraphon Yamaka

26 October 2024

Food security serves as the cornerstone of national security, intricately linked to social stability and economic progress. Currently, with the swift evolutions in social economy, logistics and transport, information dissemination, and technological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,269 Views
19 Pages

18 December 2024

Global urbanization has caused enormous challenges that seriously threaten ecological security and the food system. Thus, there is a need for finding an optimal solution for the eco-efficiency of cultivated land use (ECLU) that can promote the develo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
1,938 Views
27 Pages

Against the backdrop of global environmental challenges and sustainable development goals, this paper pioneers the application of social network analysis to the study of spatial associations in China’s agricultural green development. It not onl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,605 Views
20 Pages

City size expansion in China creates substantial economic circulation, which impacts CO2 emissions. Since CO2 production primarily comes from human activities, CO2 emissions are mainly in cities. To achieve China’s carbon neutrality and provide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
136 Citations
8,973 Views
19 Pages

20 December 2018

Urban agglomeration, an established urban spatial pattern, contributes to the spatial association and dependence of city-level CO2 emission distribution while boosting regional economic growth. Exploring this spatial association and dependence is con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
391 Views
25 Pages

16 December 2025

Against the backdrop of China’s “dual carbon” strategy and regional integration, enhancing green innovation efficiency (GIE) has become a core issue for the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) in achieving sustainable an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,153 Views
22 Pages

27 February 2025

As a national strategic development area, the Yellow River Basin (YRB) has seen progress in research on the synergy efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction (SEPCR). However, there are still notable gaps. The theoretical framework for t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
4,118 Views
23 Pages

The association effect between provincial transportation carbon emissions has become an important issue in regional carbon emission management. This study explored the relationship and development trends associated with regional transportation carbon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,300 Views
31 Pages

23 June 2025

Understanding the spatial association network structure and carbon balance zoning of land-use carbon emissions (LUCEs) is essential for guiding regional environmental management. This study constructs a LUCE spatial association network for Hubei Prov...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,138 Views
22 Pages

The economy’s sustainable development has become a national strategic deployment in China. Research on the difference between the economic sustainable development efficiency (ESDE) and the spatial network will assist the government with the dep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,212 Views
21 Pages

25 September 2024

Resource-based regions are built upon the endowment of abundant natural resources; however, they often fall into development dilemmas due to the depletion of natural resources and ecological environmental regulations. How to achieve transformative de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,927 Views
23 Pages

24 December 2022

In recent years, China’s express delivery industry has experienced significant regional differences in income, which may endanger the sustainable development of the economy and affect the sustainable development of society. To study the develop...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,278 Views
27 Pages

14 November 2022

Based on the associated network of passenger and freight transport in the New Western Land-Sea Corridor, the structure and characteristics of passenger and freight transport network in different years are analyzed using passenger volume and freight v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,481 Views
20 Pages

2 October 2021

Energy efficiency has proved to be effective in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and is significant to carbon neutrality targets. Urban agglomeration is the major engine of urbanization supporting economic growth. To optimizing the spatial exchang...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,311 Views
19 Pages

22 September 2019

The format of different industries within a city is an essential part of a megacity’s development and reflects its central districts’ economic characteristics and development trends. This study takes two central districts in the megacity...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,073 Views
13 Pages

Natural microbial communities in soils are highly diverse, allowing for rich networks of microbial interactions to unfold. Identifying key players in these networks is difficult as the distribution of microbial diversity at the local scale is typical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
959 Views
33 Pages

12 August 2025

Collaborative carbon regulation in Karst mountains critically reconciles socio-ecological conflicts. While intercity linkages drive spatial carbon heterogeneity, prior studies have focused on administrative-scale accounting, neglecting systematic spa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,218 Views
14 Pages

13 December 2022

It is vitally important to understand the ecological roles of medium and small carnivores in the context of the massive decline in the number of large carnivores around the world. Based on a spatial association network of terrestrial birds and mammal...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,228 Views
25 Pages

8 March 2022

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are the structural and functional units of the genome. However, the functions of protein-coding genes existing in the same or different TADs have not been fully investigated. We compared the functional similar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
3,507 Views
26 Pages

8 July 2022

As China’s second largest energy-use sector, residential consumption has a great potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction and energy saving or transition. Thus, here, using the methods of social network analysis (SNA) and geographically wei...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,151 Views
21 Pages

A Network Approach for Discovering Spatially Associated Objects

  • Changfeng Jing,
  • Tao Liang,
  • Yunlong Feng,
  • Jianing Li,
  • Sensen Wu,
  • Jiale Ding,
  • Gaoran Xu and
  • Yang Hu

Discovering spatially associated objects involves measuring objects’ similarities and retrieving associated objects. The integration of spatial topology and network models for discovering associated objects remains largely unexplored. Here, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
1,975 Views
16 Pages

Reducing agricultural emissions and promoting carbon sequestration are vital for China to achieve its dual carbon goals. Achieving the green transformation of agricultural watersheds requires a thorough understanding of the internal transmission rela...

  • Article
  • Open Access
249 Views
20 Pages

Spatial Associations and Co-Occurrence Networks of Sympatric Species in an Asian Elephant Community

  • Jingshan Wang,
  • Xu Li,
  • Yuan Tian,
  • Wenguan Duan,
  • Yuhui Si,
  • Dusu Wen,
  • Weibin Wang and
  • Dehuai Meng

22 January 2026

Understanding how species share resources (niche dynamics) and associate with each other is crucial for maintaining stable ecological communities. Using infrared camera traps, we constructed spatial association networks for an isolated Asian elephant...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,944 Views
23 Pages

Dengue is the most widespread mosquito-borne viral disease of man and spreading at an alarming rate. Socio-economic inequality has long been thought to contribute to providing an environment for viral propagation. However, identifying socio-economic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,214 Views
16 Pages

A New Remote Sensing Index for Assessing Spatial Heterogeneity in Urban Ecoenvironmental-Quality-Associated Road Networks

  • Xincheng Zheng,
  • Zeyao Zou,
  • Chongmin Xu,
  • Sen Lin,
  • Zhilong Wu,
  • Rongzu Qiu,
  • Xisheng Hu and
  • Jian Li

29 December 2021

Although many prior efforts found that road networks significantly affect landscape fragmentation, the spatially heterogeneous effects of road networks on urban ecoenvironments remain poorly understood. A new remote-sensing-based ecological index (RS...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,485 Views
21 Pages

The Role of Cultural Landscape in Shaping the Urban Spatial Context of Changzhou (1843–2021) from a Spatial Syntax Perspective

  • Jie Bai,
  • Wenzheng Zhang,
  • Roland Chih-Hung Lin,
  • Chunyan Zhang,
  • Tao Xu and
  • Padma Sundar Maharjan

23 June 2024

Changzhou is a city situated in the eastern region of China and serves as a pivotal juncture of the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site, the Grand Canal of China. The study employed spatial syntax foreground and background network analysis to examine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,665 Views
23 Pages

12 May 2023

Exploring the spatial correlation network and its structural characteristics of China’s industrial green technology innovation efficiency is significant for promoting the coordinated development of inter-regional industrial green transformation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
10,936 Views
18 Pages

16 August 2022

Cities have exhibited spatial patterns of expansion or compacting in the process of economic and population growth. South Korea is a well-known example of a country that has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization. This study’s targe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
660 Views
29 Pages

24 October 2025

Urban agglomerations are key to balancing carbon emissions (CEs) and ecosystem services (ESs), yet structural imbalances exist between LUCE and ESs due to the lack of standardized frameworks and clear governance strategies. This study investigates th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
2,749 Views
22 Pages

24 February 2022

The exploration of the spatial network structure of agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) and its influencing factors for promoting water saving and improving water use efficiency in regional agricultural production is of great importance. In this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
773 Views
19 Pages

6 June 2025

This paper uses a coupling model and social network analysis to analyze the evolution and spatial correlation network characteristics of the coupling coordination level between urban intelligent industry and green industry in the Yellow River Basin f...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,640 Views
15 Pages

28 September 2023

There are some problems in Northwest China, such as the fragile ecological environment, poor basic conditions of agricultural production, low efficiency of agricultural water use, and difficulty in clarifying the path of agricultural water use effici...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
9,554 Views
16 Pages

Accessibility of urban residents to different services and amenities is a growing concern for policy makers. Urban green spaces (UGS) provide services and benefits that are particularly important for people having less mobility, such as children, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,952 Views
13 Pages

Geographically Weighted Flow Cross K-Function for Network-Constrained Flow Data

  • Weijie Zhang,
  • Jun Zhao,
  • Wenkai Liu,
  • Zhangzhi Tan and
  • Hanfa Xing

13 December 2022

Network-constrained spatial flows are usually used to describe movements between two spatial places on a road network. The analysis of the spatial associations between different types of network-constrained spatial flows plays a key role in understan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,215 Views
20 Pages

17 September 2024

China’s agricultural green development exhibits spatial imbalances. To promote the coordinated green development of agriculture across various regions, this paper explores the evolution of spatial association networks and driving factors of agr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
864 Views
27 Pages

Spatial Association Networks and Factors Influencing Ecological Security in the Yellow River Basin

  • Shu Liu,
  • Wenbao Lv,
  • Zhanjun Xu,
  • Qiangqiang Qi,
  • Mingxuan Jia,
  • Jiakang Wang and
  • Tingliang Li

10 June 2025

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important ecological security barrier in China, playing an irreplaceable role in soil and water conservation, climate regulation, and biodiversity maintenance, and it is related to the stability and security of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,126 Views
23 Pages

China–ASEAN Tourism Economic Relationship Network: A Geopolitical Risk Perspective

  • Siyue Chen,
  • Yang Tan,
  • Gengzhi Huang,
  • Hongou Zhang and
  • Hang Li

15 November 2024

Despite extensive research on the network structure of tourism destinations, literature on the spatial network structure of cross-border tourism–economic connections is relatively limited, specifically the complex geopolitical relationship betw...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,112 Views
11 Pages

Demonstration of an SDM Network Testbed for Joint Spatial Circuit and Packet Switching

  • Ruben S. Luis,
  • Hideaki Furukawa,
  • Georg Rademacher,
  • Benjamin J. Puttnam and
  • Naoya Wada

We demonstrate a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) network testbed composed of three nodes connected via 19-core multi-core fibers. Each node is capable of joint spatial circuit switching and joint packet switching to support 10 Tb/s spatial circui...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,446 Views
21 Pages

19 November 2022

Tourism eco-efficiency analysis is an effective tool to solve the problem of sustainable tourism development. The tourism eco-efficiency evaluation index system was constructed in the study, and the undesirable output super-slacks-based measure model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,642 Views
11 Pages

23 June 2021

Using the method of dynamic–mechanical analysis, the structuralisation kinetics of condensed starch solutions, cooled down to the temperature of 20 °C, was investigated. A close correlation of spatial crosslinking with local processes of macromolecul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,578 Views
23 Pages

19 November 2021

The allocation efficiency of China’s agricultural science and technology resources (ASTR) varies in different regions and has a complicated spatial distribution pattern. To visually study whether there are correlations and mutual influences bet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
718 Views
34 Pages

8 December 2025

As a major economic engine of China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is pivotal in driving innovation across the scientific, technological, and digital economies. This study constructs the spatial associative network for digital economy innovati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,560 Views
14 Pages

30 August 2018

Regional innovation is very important for the sustainable development of regional economies. Innovation development between regions is not independent, and there is spatial correlation in innovation spillover. This paper uses the total amount of regi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,313 Views
26 Pages

11 June 2023

Railway carbon emissions reduction is of great significance. In this study, carbon emission efficiency in railway transportation in China’s 31 provinces is measured for 2006–2019 based on an unexpected output slack-based measure (SBM) mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,116 Views
20 Pages

8 November 2023

In this study, the transcendental logarithmic cost function model was used to measure the rate of technological progress in seven major mandarin-producing regions and seven major tangerine-producing regions in China from 2006 to 2021. The modified gr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,408 Views
21 Pages

23 January 2025

The role of high-speed rail (HSR) in facilitating the spatial restructuring of regional and urban networks has long interested scholars and policymakers. This study explored HSR-facilitated city-network evolution in less-developed regions through the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
7,982 Views
17 Pages

Spatial and Temporal Entropies in the Spanish Football League: A Network Science Perspective

  • Johann H. Martínez,
  • David Garrido,
  • José L Herrera-Diestra,
  • Javier Busquets,
  • Ricardo Sevilla-Escoboza and
  • Javier M. Buldú

2 February 2020

We quantified the spatial and temporal entropy related to football teams and their players by means of a pass-based interaction. First, we calculated the spatial entropy associated to the positions of all passes made by a football team during a match...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,578 Views
23 Pages

6 April 2023

The inadequate consideration of livable rural spatial morphology in rural planning has impeded the further advancement of the rural social system, resulting in a challenge for rural residents to establish an appealing living experience that distingui...

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