207 Results Found

Background/Objectives: Preterm (<37 weeks) and very preterm (<32 weeks) infants face considerably higher mortality and morbidity rates than full-term infants. We compared clinical outcomes between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate...

Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic hypertension (CHTN) are associated with adverse infant outcomes and disproportionately affect minoritized race/ethnicity groups. We evaluated the relationships between hypertensive disord...

Background. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in infants is related to an increased risk of developing Non-Communicable Diseases later in life. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is related to lower odds of being SGA. The study explored retrospectively th...

Background: Two changes to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) testing were implemented in the Australian Capital Territory in 2015 and 2017. Aims: We aimed to determine the associations between testing regimes and the prevalence of GDM and large-for...

Preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are more susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. To evaluate routine vaccination timeliness in these high-risk groups, a full birth cohort of infants (n = 41,502) born in 2017 and 2018 in Tusca...

Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants are at higher risk for oxidative stress-related complications than appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm infants. It has been proposed that HbF may be higher in SGA than in AGA infan...

Neonatal nutritional supplements may improve early growth for infants born small, but effects on long-term growth are unclear and may differ by sex. We assessed the effects of early macronutrient supplements on later growth. We searched databases and...

Small for gestational age (SGA) birth is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The aim of this preliminary observational study was to investigate the difference in gut microbiota between SGA and appropriate for ges...

Mini-puberty refers to the transient activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis during early infancy, lasting up to six months in boys and 12–24 months in girls. This phase represents the second activation of the HP...

Babies who are born small for their gestational age (SGA) have low iron reserves, thus probably increasing the risk of offspring anemia. We studied two longitudinal birth cohorts to evaluate the association of SGA with the risk of anemia during early...

To quantify the effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the consumption of olive oil (OO), on the risk of having a small for gestational age infants (SGA), a matched case-control study was conducted in Spain. Dietary intake during pregn...

Predicting developmental outcomes with growth measurement would be beneficial for primary healthcare or in developing countries with low medical resources. This study aimed to identify physical growth measures that indicate neurodevelopment in very p...

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are fetuses that have not reached their genetically programmed growth potential. Low birth weight predisposes these infants to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodevelopmental co...

Little is known about the associations of Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (APNCU) index with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and preterm births. This study investigated the association between the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (...

Neonatal nutritional supplements are widely used to improve growth and development but may increase risk of later metabolic disease, and effects may differ by sex. We assessed effects of supplements on later development and metabolism. We searched da...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic respiratory disease linked to preterm births. A scoping review was performed to identify risk factors for moderate and severe BPD to develop an evidence-based, early prognostic, globally recognized...

In this study, we examined early growth characteristics among small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm twins compared to their appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) counterparts. A retrospective study evaluated all consecutive twins born between 2008...

The aim of this study was to evaluate leptin concentration at birth and in early postnatal life in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants and to assess its relationship with infants’ anthropometry at birth and some characteristics of mate...

There are no study reports to clarify the association between gestational age (GA) or anthropometric values at birth, and plasma cortisol levels in the blood of preterm infants at birth and at one month of age. This hospital-based retrospective cohor...

Background: Small for gestational age neonates represent a population at risk of growth failure or deviant growth patterns and long-term metabolic complications. Breastfeeding has been identified as a critical factor in promoting healthier growth and...

Severe small-for-gestational-age (sSGA) infants exhibit increased mortality and morbidity. Oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in intrauterine growth restriction. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress level at birth...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and the baby. Our main goal is to show whether there is an association between OSA during pregnancy and delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants. This syst...

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of a flat oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) pattern and its association with obstetric and perinatal outcomes, focusing on fetal growth. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a ter...

Background: Maternal sleep disturbance is a risk factor for adverse outcomes like preterm birth. However, the association of maternal sleep quality and duration with the risk of the infant being small for gestational age (SGA) remains inconclusive, a...

Perinatal growth vulnerability (e.g., Small for Gestational Age, SGA) poses the goal to not overlook subtle developmental susceptibilities and their impact on the parent–infant relationship. In this case study, we examined the application of a...

Preterm delivery (PTD) complications are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess trends in PTD and small for gestational age (SGA) and whether trends varied between race–ethnic groups in South Carolina (SC). We ut...

Background: Maternal diet quality during pregnancy may significantly influence fetal growth and birth weight. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the dietary quality of pregnant women in Korea and investigate its association with the risk of deliv...

Adiposity rebound (AR), which is defined as a situation in which the body mass index (BMI) starts to increase after infancy, is a predictive marker of future development of type 2 diabetes. The patient was a 20-year-old male. He was born at 28 gestat...

To examine the growth and body composition of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) very low birth weight infants (VLBW) and their outpatient neurodevelopmental outcomes. From 2006–2012, VLBW infants (n = 57...

Background: The etiology of small for gestational age (SGA) is multifactorial and includes maternal/uterine-placental factors, fetal epigenetics, and genetic abnormalities. We evaluated the genetic causes and diagnostic effectiveness of targeted-pane...

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature to evaluate the incidence of cranial ultrasound abnormalities (CUAs) amongst moderate to late preterm (MLPT) and term infants, affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR) or...

Preterm birth and low birth weight remain major contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Maternal microbiota has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes, but key mediators remain...

Background & aims: Iodine is important for thyroid function during pregnancy to support fetal growth, but studies of maternal iodine status and birth outcomes are conflicting. We aimed to quantify the association between iodine status and birth o...

Stunting in children under the age of two is a significant global concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Intervention efforts often come too late as many of the underlying causal factors have already occurred earlie...

The objective of this study was to assess associations between maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in early, mid-, and late pregnancy and birth outcomes and to assess the differences in birth outcomes between subgroups of mothers reportin...

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants who experience a marked postnatal catch-up, mainly in weight, are at risk for developing metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are imprecise. Exosomes and their cargo (including miRNAs) mediat...

There has been a dramatic rise in preterm births in developed countries owing to changes in clinical practices and greater use of assisted reproductive techniques. However, few studies have examined the growth and outcomes of preterm infants accordin...

A fetal growth restriction is related to adverse child outcomes. We investigated risk ratios and population-attributable fractions (PAF) of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in the Japanese population. Among 28,838 infants from five ongoing pro...

Background: Over the years, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects the pulmonary function of infants, resulting in chronic health burdens for infants and their families. The aim of this scoping review was to screen available evidence regarding peri...

Obese women are more likely to have decreased insulin sensitivity and are at increased risk for many adverse pregnancy outcomes. An early lifestyle intervention (LI) may have the potential to reduce the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on perinatal...

This retrospective cohort study evaluated pregnancy outcomes and similarities between pairs of nulliparous sisters with a singleton fetus who delivered between 2013 and 2020. The “Sister-1 group” was defined as the sibling who delivered f...

Background and Objectives: Although considerable research has been devoted to examining the distinctions between fresh and frozen embryo transfer regarding obstetric outcomes and rates of pregnancy success, there is still a scarcity of thorough analy...

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants have been associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). In this work, we assess the predictive ability of the ultrasound-estimated percentile weight (EPW) at 35 weeks of gestational age t...

Background/Objectives: Risk perception of future disease may play a role in supporting lifestyle change to prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unknown how women in the postpartum period with different cardiometaboli...

Supplementation with folic acid (FA) was proven to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) and was recommended worldwide before and during early pregnancy. However, much less is known regarding the role of FA after the 12th gestational week (GW). This stu...

It is unknown whether there are differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the circulating exosomes of appropriate- vs. small-for-gestational-age (AGA vs. SGA) infants, and if so, whether such DEPs relate to measures of endocrine–metabolic hea...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Pregnancy in SLE patients poses unique challenges due to the potential impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. We provide an overv...

Background/Objectives: Increasing popularity, convenience, and access to processed foods are shifting the composition of dietary intake from whole to ultra-processed foods (UPF). This study aimed to assess the association between periconceptional UPF...

The global rise in obesity presents serious concerns, particularly due to its association with pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia. Maternal obesity also contributes to intergene...

(1) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with multiple morbidities including growth restriction and impaired neurodevelopment. Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as a birth weight <10th percentile, regardless of the etiolog...