8,303 Results Found

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in...

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherog...

This Special Issue aims to address the impact of cellular senescence on human biology, looking at both physiological and pathological processes [...]

Pathology reports represent a primary source of information for cancer registries. University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) is a tertiary hospital responsible for training pathologists; thus narrative reporting becomes important. However, the unstruct...

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in processes of cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, transcription, and replication. Hyperactivity of PARP-1 induced by changes in cell homeostasis promotes development of chronic pat...

Eva-1 homolog A (EVA1A) is regarded as TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) or FAM176A (family with sequence similarity 176) and a lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein involved in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. EVA1A regulates em...

Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle with a diameter of approximately 100 nm that is secreted by all cells, regulate the phenotype and function of recipient cells by carrying molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are importan...

Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a fascinating subject of study due to its diverse roles in various physiological and pathological processes [...]

Autophagy is an important cellular process, involving the transportation of cytoplasmic contents in the double membrane vesicles to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy disorder contributes to many diseases, such as immune dysfunction, cancers and ne...

Antrodia cinnamomea is a traditional plant and a unique fungus native to Taiwan that has been reported to have many biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The compound 4-acetylarylquinolinol B (4-AAQB) is one of...

PIEZO1 is ubiquitously expressed in cells in different kinds of tissues throughout the body, which can sense physical or mechanical stimuli and translate them into intracellular electrochemical signals to regulate organism functions. In particular, P...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, termed here p38) cascade is a central signaling pathway that transmits stress and other signals to various intracellular targets in the cytoplasm and nucleus. More than 150 substrates of p38α/&...

Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases operating in the signaling network of the second messenger diacylglycerol. The three family members, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and...

The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information transduction from extracellular stimuli to the intracellular space. The transduction of...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, inc...

Gouty arthritis (GA) is a debilitating autoinflammatory disorder precipitated by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, leading to intense, recurrent joint inflammation and systemic metabolic dysregulation. While hyperuricemia is a prereq...

RNA-binding protein 3 (RBMS3) plays a significant role in embryonic development and the pathogenesis of many diseases, especially cancer initiation and progression. The multiple roles of RBMS3 are conditioned by its numerous alternative expression pr...

Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated w...

Alternative splicing (AS) of human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase) pre-mRNA strongly regulates telomerase activity. Several proteins can regulate AS in a cell type-specific manner and determine the functio...

A decline in learning and remembering a spatial route often accompanies the normal ageing process. Impairments in spatial orientation manifest from the early stages of disabling cognitive diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In the precli...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and many peripheral organs, such as the digestive tract, endocrine, reproductive and respiratory systems, where it pla...

Recent advancements in data collection technologies, data science, and speech processing have fueled significant interest in the computational analysis of biological sounds. This enhanced analytical capability shows promise for improved understanding...

Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) revolutionized the therapy of chronic hepatitis C infection. However, unexpected high recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after DAA treatment became an issue in patients with advanced cirrhosis and fibro...

Anthracycline’s clinical application is often hampered by severe life-threatening cardiotoxicity, which could result in death in approximately one-third of patients. Previous studies have found that during the anthracycline-induced cardiotoxici...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern. It remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. TBI pathology involves complex secondary injury cascades that are associated with cellular and molecular dysfunction, inc...

From studies on the effects of “high dilutions” on organisms, it was found that their administration induces a delicate physiological (molecular and cellular) response. Occasionally, physiological reactions can become atypical (pathological) individu...

Uterine fibroids represent the most common benign tumors of the uterus. They are considered a typical fibrotic disorder. In fact, the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins—above all, collagen 1A1, fibronectin and versican—are upregulated in this pathol...

Genome polymorphisms are responsible for phenotypic differences between humans and for individual susceptibility to genetic diseases and therapeutic responses. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) lead to protein variants with a ch...

Intercellular communication governs multicellular interactions in complex organisms. A variety of mechanisms exist through which cells can communicate, e.g., cell-cell contact, the release of paracrine/autocrine soluble molecules, or the transfer of...

Background/Objectives: Predicting the behavior of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is challenging using standard-of-care histopathologic examination. Indeed, pathologic RCC tumor grading, based on nuclear morphology, performs poorly in predict...

Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondria...

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are earning increasing attention from research communities due to their critical role in the post-transcriptional modification of various RNAs. These snoRNAs, along with their associated proteins, are crucial in regulat...

Segmenting cell nuclei in histopathological images is an extremely important process for computational pathology, affecting not only the accuracy of a disease diagnosis but also the analysis of biomarkers and the assessment of cells performed on a la...

Background: The prevalence, social consequences and complicated pathogenesis make headaches in children a significant clinical issue. Studies in adults suggest that primary headaches could be the first sign of atherosclerosis and platelet aggregation...

Heme constitutes 95% of functional iron in the human body, as well as two-thirds of the average person’s iron intake in developed countries. Hence, a wide range of epidemiological studies have focused on examining the association of dietary heme int...

Gallibacterium anatis, recognized as a resident and opportunistic pathogen primarily in poultry, underwent investigation in unwell domestic mammals and birds. The study encompassed the mapping and comparison of G. anatis isolates, evaluation of their...

miRNA(miR)-124 is an important regulator of neurogenesis, but its upregulation in SOD1G93A motor neurons (mSOD1 MNs) was shown to associate with neurodegeneration and microglia activation. We used pre-miR-124 in wild-type (WT) MNs and anti-miR-124 in...

The spinous processes act as a lever for attachments of muscles and ligaments. Spinal imaging is commonly performed as a diagnostic test for pain and radiculopathy. A myriad of incidental or unexpected findings, both potentially asymptomatic and symp...

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has gained prominence in diagnostic radiology, offering a promising tool for improving breast imaging triage, diagnosis, lesion characterization, and treatment management in breast cancer and other breast diseases. T...

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are kinds of deep learning models that were created primarily for processing and evaluating visual input, which makes them extremely applicable in the field of medical imaging. CNNs are particularly adept in autom...

The Wnt signalling system is essential for both the developing and adult central nervous system. It regulates numerous cellular functions ranging from neurogenesis to blood brain barrier biology. Dysregulated Wnt signalling can thus have significant...

Background: Research indicates that traumatic events, such as interpersonal violence, can significantly affect how individuals perceive facial characteristics and assess trust. This study aims to explore trustworthiness and emotional perception in wo...

The genus Sobemovirus, unassigned to any family, consists of viruses with single-stranded plus-oriented single-component RNA genomes and small icosahedral particles. Currently, 14 species within the genus have been recognized by the International Com...

Orexins A (OXA) and B (OXB) and their specific receptors, receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) for orexins, are hypothalamic peptides involved in orchestrating several functions in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, including sleep, exciteme...

Severe periodontitis, a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, ranks sixth in terms of global spread, affecting about 11% of the population. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules tha...

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a pivotal role in regulating extracellular proteolysis, cell migration, immune responses, and tissue remodeling across diverse physiological and pathological contexts. This review provide...

This paper presents a pathological voice identification system employing signal processing techniques through cochlear implant models. The fundamentals of the biological process for speech perception are investigated to develop this technique. Two co...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term administration of a new herbal composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts at a dose of 70:500 mg/kg in healthy and pathological mice. After 4 weeks of daily composition administrati...

Due to the success of the first Special Issue on synaptic plasticity, I endeavored to promote a new Special Issue with an emphasis on dynamic changes in neuronal functions and physiological and pathological processes [...]

The endocannabinoid system is a complex communication system involved in maintaining homeostasis in various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, pain modulation, and neuroprotection. Endocannabinoids, mainly anandamide and...