Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

Gusev, Evgenii; Sarapultsev, Alexey; Hu, Desheng; Chereshnev, Valeriy

doi:10.3390/ijms22147582

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Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

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Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia

School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia

Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 200092, China

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(14), 7582; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147582

Received: 2 June 2021 / Revised: 30 June 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Inflammatory Reactions in Health and Disease)

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and finally the shockogenic phenomenon of “inflammatory systemic microcirculation”. The pathogenetic core of critical situations, including COVID-19, is this phenomenon. Microcirculatory abnormalities, on the other hand, lie at the heart of a specific type of general pathological process known as systemic inflammation (SI). Systemic inflammatory response, cytokine release, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammatory syndrome are all terms that refer to different aspects of SI. As a result, the metabolic syndrome model does not adequately reflect the pathophysiology of persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (ChSLGI). Diseases associated with ChSLGI, on the other hand, are risk factors for a severe COVID-19 course. The review examines the role of hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, scavenger receptors, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the processes of the hemophagocytic syndrome, in the systemic alteration and development of SI in COVID-19. View Full-Text

Keywords: ARDS; cytokine storm; general pathological process; low-grade inflammation; microcirculation; MODS; receptor scavengers; SARS-CoV-2; systemic inflammation

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Gusev, E.; Sarapultsev, A.; Hu, D.; Chereshnev, V. Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147582

AMA Style

Gusev E, Sarapultsev A, Hu D, Chereshnev V. Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(14):7582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147582

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gusev, Evgenii, Alexey Sarapultsev, Desheng Hu, and Valeriy Chereshnev. 2021. "Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14: 7582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147582

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Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

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