The escalating prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention. AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibr...
Amyloid plaques and tau tangles are the hallmark pathologic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Traditionally, these changes are identified in vivo via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or positron emission tomography (PET) scans. However, t...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the primary dementia causes worldwide. For this reason, there is a need for plasma-based diagnostic biomarkers to facilitate the timely diagnosis of AD. This work synthesizes the current evidence concerning th...
Background/Objectives: Amyloid-PET is accurate but costly and capacity-limited. Blood-based biomarkers (BBMs), particularly plasma p-tau217, offer a scalable alternative for triaging patients. Objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic acc...
(1) Background/Objectives: Blood-based biomarkers have emerged as practical tools for identifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Among them, plasma phosphorylated Tau217 (p-Tau217) demonstra...
Clinical differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from Parkinson’s disease (PD) is challenging due to overlapping phenotypes and the late onset of specific atypical signs. Therefore, easily assessable diagnostic biomarkers are hi...
Early detection of cis phosphorylated tau (cis P-tau) may help as an effective treatment to control the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we introduced for the first time a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high affinity against cis P-t...
Blood-based biomarkers are minimally invasive tools to detect the pathological changes of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This meta-analysis aims to investigate the use of blood-derived p-tau isoforms (181, 217, 231) to predict conversion from mild c...
The levels of p-tau217 and p-tau231 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with early amyloid beta (Aß) changes in the brain, while the CSF levels of p-tau205 are foremost related to tau pathology in the later stages of the disease. To inv...
Tauopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of neurological and systemic disorders characterized by pathological tau dysregulation, traditionally including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopa...
Background: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a target in current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The human prion protein (PrPC) has an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. We hypothesized that PrPC modulates NMDA si...
Recent studies have demonstrated the high analytical and diagnostic performance of plasma p-tau217 using well-defined cohorts. We aimed to assess the analytical, diagnostic, and prognostic utility of plasma p-tau217 as a routine biomarker in symptoma...
Neuropsychological interviews and neuroimaging techniques are traditional diagnostic methods for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the development of blood-based biomarkers, such as Amyloid beta (Aβ), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), and their...
Background/Objectives: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a tauopathy showing a marked symptoms overlap with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). PSP pathology suggests that tau protein might represent a valuable biomarker to distinguish between the...
The purpose of our study is to identify phosphorylated tau (p-tau) inhibitors. P-tau has recently received great interest as a potential drug target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The continuous failure of Aβ-targeted therapeutics recommends...
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether plasma biomarkers can help to diagnose, differentiate from Alzheimer disease (AD), and stage cognitive performance in patients with positron emission tomography (PET)-confirmed primary age-related...
Background: The levels of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), tau protein, and phosphorylation of tau (p-tau) protein were examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry in the spinal cord sections of mice suffering from experimental autoim...
How sleep disturbances link to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via tau pathology is unclear. We explored whether sleep dysfunction worsens cognitive deficits by elevating plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-Tau217). We combined Alzhei...
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains challenging due to the extremely low concentration of relevant biomarkers and the limited sensitivity of conventional detection techniques. In this study, we present a carbon nanotube field-ef...
Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit an almost complete penetrance of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology but are underrepresented in clinical trials for AD. The Tau protein is associated with microtubule function in the neuro...
Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a clinic-radiological neurological syndrome presenting with cognitive deficits, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence. It often coexists with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to the reversibl...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide, and the genetic mechanism of which is not yet fully understood. Much evidence has accumulated over the past decade to suggest that after the first large-scale genome-wide associa...
The delineation of biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms across normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia stages holds significant promise for early diagnosis and intervention strategies. This research investigates the associ...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition representing the most common cause of dementia and currently affects millions of people worldwide. The clinical presentation includes memory impairment, cognitive decline, an...
Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, which is an inevitable consequence of aging. Early detection of AD, or detection during the pre-AD stage, is beneficial, as it enables timely intervention to redu...
Syndecan-3 (SDC3), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell signaling and endocytosis, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. While preclinical studies have demonstrated its role in Alzhe...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive impairments, with an increased risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Among these various impairments, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in TBI patients....
Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) is a multisystemic disease that emerged in Spain in 1981 due to the ingestion of aniline-adulterated rapeseed oil fraudulently sold as olive oil. Although neurological sequelae, including cognitive deficits, have been documen...
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers in tears as well as their association with retinal and choroidal microstructures. In a cross-sectional study, 35 subjects (age 71.7 ± 6.9 years) were include...
Background/Objectives: The ERlangen Score (ERS) and the pTau/Aβ1-42 ratio are dementia risk scores that use only surrogate markers of amyloid and tau pathology, whose performance has taken on added importance with the advent of anti-amyloid anti...
Traumatic brain injury confers a significant and growing public health burden. It is a major environmental risk factor for dementia. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which primary mechanical injury leads to neurodegeneration and an increased risk of dem...
2 November 2026
Background: The clinical adoption of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, including lecanemab and donanemab, has changed Alzheimer’s disease management from primarily symptomatic care toward biologically targeted intervention. This transition su...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia throughout the world. It is characterized by major amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau...
Background and Objectives: Oxygen is essential for all living organisms and plays a critical role in anesthesia and intensive care practices. However, the notion that unlimited oxygen therapy is harmless is a misconception. Our study investigates the...
This narrative review explores the current landscape of blood biomarkers in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) may be useful in the differentiation of behavioral variant FTD from primary psychiatric disorders (PPDs) or dem...
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves ongoing neurodegeneration, with phosphorylated tau (PTAU) intracellular accumulation closely associated with cortical shrinking. However, not everyone with high PTAU levels shows the same degree of...
A reduction in melatonin function contributes to the acceleration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and understanding the molecular processes of melatonin-related signaling is critical for intervention in AD progression. Recently, we synthesized a s...
Background/Objectives: Lecanemab, a humanized anti-amyloid-β protofibril antibody, achieves substantial amyloid clearance and modest slowing of clinical decline in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatments. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein contributes to neurodegeneration in AD. Previous studies have identified pT231-tau in the cis conformation as an early dr...
In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensio...
THC has been used as a promising treatment approach for neurological disorders, but the highly psychoactive effects have largely warned off many scientists from pursuing it further. We conducted an intranasal treatment using low-dose THC on 12-month-...
The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is considered to be mainly driven by two major hallmarks (tau and amyloid beta). It is highly desirable to develop an affordable medicinal diagnostic that can be util...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Given that learning and memory are impaired in this pathology, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) appear as key players in the onset and progression of the disease. NMDARs are glutamate rec...
The contribution of mouse models for basic and translational research at different levels is important to understand neurodegenerative diseases, including tauopathies, by studying the alterations in the corresponding mouse models in detail. Moreover,...
Tau mutations promote the formation of tau oligomers and filaments, which are neuropathological signs of several tau-associated dementias. Types of neurons in the CNS are spared of tau pathology and are surrounded by a specialized form of extracellul...
This study identifies a significant association among blood-based biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the Marshall CT classification of TBI (MCTC) scores, but not with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. We aimed to determine whether GCS and...
Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a promising tool that may help in early diagnosis. However, their levels may be influenced by physiological parameters and comorbidities that should be considered before they can be used at the...
Organotypic slice culture models surpass conventional in vitro methods in many aspects. They retain all tissue-resident cell types and tissue hierarchy. For studying multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases such as tauopathies, it is crucial to main...
The P301L mutation in tau protein is a prevalent pathogenic mutation associated with neurodegenerative frontotemporal dementia, FTD. The mechanism by which P301L triggers or facilitates neurodegeneration at the molecular level remains unclear. In thi...
The greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing age. Understanding the changes that occur in aging that make an aged brain more susceptible to developing AD could result in novel therapeutic targets. In order to better...
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