Blood Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration over Four Decades After Toxic Oil Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethics
4.2. Study Design and Setting
4.3. Participants
4.4. Biomarker Quantification
- -
- Sample Collection and Handling
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- GFAP Quantification (Quanterix SIMOA SR-X)
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- pTau217 and NfL Quantification (Fujirebio Lumipulse G600II CLEIA)
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Overall | Controls | Patients | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 100 | 50 | 50 | |
Sex, n (%) | 0.284 a | |||
Male | 32 (32.0) | 19 (38.0) | 13 (26.0) | |
Female | 68 (68.0) | 31 (62.0) | 37 (74.0) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 59.3 (8.0) | 58.7 (8.2) | 59.9 (7.8) | 0.449 b |
Education, n (%) | 0.161 a | |||
Illiterate | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (6.0) | |
Primary | 40 (40.0) | 19 (38.0) | 21 (42.0) | |
Secondary | 31 (31.0) | 13 (26.0) | 18 (36.0) | |
Higher education | 25 (25.0) | 17 (34.0) | 8 (16.0) | |
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 15 (15.0) | 3 (6.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.025 a |
Arterial hypertension, N (%) | 42 (42.0) | 9 (18.0) | 33 (66.0) | <0.001 a |
Polyneuropathy, N (%) | 35 (35.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (70.0) | <0.001 a |
Cognitive complaints, N (%) | 48 (48.0) | 11 (22.0) | 37 (74.0) | <0.001 a |
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Ruiz-Ortiz, M.; Lapeña-Motilva, J.; Giménez de Bejar, V.; Bartolomé, F.; Alquézar, C.; Martínez-Castillo, M.; Wagner-Reguero, S.; del Ser, T.; Nogales, M.A.; Álvarez-Sesmero, S.; et al. Blood Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration over Four Decades After Toxic Oil Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115122
Ruiz-Ortiz M, Lapeña-Motilva J, Giménez de Bejar V, Bartolomé F, Alquézar C, Martínez-Castillo M, Wagner-Reguero S, del Ser T, Nogales MA, Álvarez-Sesmero S, et al. Blood Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration over Four Decades After Toxic Oil Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(11):5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115122
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuiz-Ortiz, Mariano, José Lapeña-Motilva, Verónica Giménez de Bejar, Fernando Bartolomé, Carolina Alquézar, Minerva Martínez-Castillo, Sonia Wagner-Reguero, Teodoro del Ser, María Antonia Nogales, Sonia Álvarez-Sesmero, and et al. 2025. "Blood Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration over Four Decades After Toxic Oil Syndrome: A Case-Control Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 11: 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115122
APA StyleRuiz-Ortiz, M., Lapeña-Motilva, J., Giménez de Bejar, V., Bartolomé, F., Alquézar, C., Martínez-Castillo, M., Wagner-Reguero, S., del Ser, T., Nogales, M. A., Álvarez-Sesmero, S., Morales, M., García-Cena, C., & Benito-León, J. (2025). Blood Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration over Four Decades After Toxic Oil Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(11), 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115122