Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are poten...
Nucleotide sugars (NSs) serve as substrates for glycosylation reactions. The majority of these compounds are synthesized in the cytoplasm, whereas glycosylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi lumens, where catalytic domains of gly...
Traditional glycosyltransferase (GT) activity assays are not easily configured for rapid detection nor for high throughput screening because they rely on radioactive product isolation, the use of heterogeneous immunoassays or mass spectrometry. In a...
Solute carrier family 35 member A5 (SLC35A5) is a member of the SLC35A protein subfamily comprising nucleotide sugar transporters. However, the function of SLC35A5 is yet to be experimentally determined. In this study, we inactivated the SLC35A5 gene...
Metabolism not only produces energy necessary for the cell but is also a key regulator of several cellular functions, including pluripotency and self-renewal. Nucleotide sugars (NSs) are activated sugars that link glucose metabolism with cellular fun...
Background: Functional alleles of host plant susceptibility genes (S genes) can exacerbate the severity of diseases by enhancing pathogen compatibility. Genetic editing of the targeted host S genes has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in conferring b...
The SLC35 (Solute Carrier 35) family members acting as nucleotide sugar transporters are typically localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. It is, therefore, intriguing that some reports document the presence of orphan transporters...
Plants possess an innate ability to generate vast amounts of sugar and produce a range of sugar-derived compounds that can be utilized for applications in industry, health, and agriculture. Nucleotide sugars lie at the unique intersection of primary...
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and extensins influence cell wall assembly and regulate plant cell mechanical properties through interactions with extracellular matrix polymers. These proteins may play a key role in the biochemical events underlying...
Submergence during germination is a major barrier to the adoption of direct-seeded rice (DSR). Despite its importance in overcoming this barrier, the genetic architecture underlying the rapid coleoptile elongation under submergence remains largely el...
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require exten...
Peonies are globally renowned ornamental plants, and distant hybridization is a key method for breeding new varieties, though it often faces cross-incompatibility challenges. The metabolic mechanisms underlying the crossing barrier between tree peony...
The stem and leaves of fresh corn plants can be used as green silage or can be converted to biofuels, and the stalk sugar content and yield directly determine the application value of fresh corn. To identify the genetic variations and candidate genes...
Euglena gracilis is an alga of great biotechnological interest and extensive metabolic capacity, able to make high levels of bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and β-glucan. Previous work has shown that Euglena express...
Chloroviruses are large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect certain isolates of chlorella-like green algae. They contain up to approximately 400 protein-encoding genes and 16 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. This review summarizes the unexpecte...
Resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were searched bioinformatically in the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genome as potential candidates for improving resistance against different diseases. In the present study, Ion Torrent sequencing technology was used t...
The solute carrier family 35 (SLC35) comprises multiple members of transporters, including a group of proteins known as nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transporter, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfa...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects hundreds of millions worldwide, with recent estimates indicating approximately 589 million adults living with diabetes, most with type 2 disease. Beyond classical insulin signaling pathways, increasing evidence...
Glycoproteins represent the largest group of the growing number of biologically-derived medicines. The associated glycan structures and their distribution are known to have a large impact on pharmacokinetics. A modelling framework was developed to pr...
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an increasing threat to the developing world, with fungal spores being ubiquitous and inhaled every day. Some fungal species are commensal organisms that are part of the normal human microbiota, and, as such, do n...
Several health benefits, associated with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), have been revealed in the last decades. Further progress, however, requires not only the establishment of a simple “routine” method for absolute quantification o...
Obesity’s variability is significantly influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to integrate the combined impact of genetic risk score (GRSBMI) with physical activity (PA), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB),...
N-glycosylation has remained mostly unexplored in Piroplasmida, an order of tick-transmitted pathogens of veterinary and medical relevance. Analysis of 11 piroplasmid genomes revealed three distinct scenarios regarding N-glycosylation: Babesia sensu...
Hereditary mechanisms are partially responsible for individual differences in sensitivity to and the preference for sweet taste. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between 10 genetic variants and the intake of total sugar,...
The FDA has approved several drugs based on the fluorinated nucleoside pharmacophore, and numerous drugs are currently in clinical trials. Fluorine-containing nucleos(t)ides offer significant antiviral and anticancer activity. The insertion of a fluo...
Uridine-5’-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose is reported as one of the most versatile building blocks within the metabolism of pro- and eukaryotes. The activated sugar moiety is formed by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GalU). Two homologous...
Diatoms are marine organisms that represent one of the most important sources of biomass in the ocean, accounting for about 40% of marine primary production, and in the biosphere, contributing up to 20% of global CO2 fixation. There has been a recent...
Studies have shown that genetic variations can influence metabolic response to nutrient intake, and that diets rich in fructose contribute to hyperuricemia. In this pilot study, our aim was to determine the variability of serum urate in response to a...
The reconfiguration of the primary metabolism is essential in plant–pathogen interactions. We compared the local metabolic responses of cucumber leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl) with those in non-inoculated system...
Protein and sugar content are important seed quality traits in soybean because they improve the value and sustainability of soy food and feed products. Thus, identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for soybean seed protein and sugar content can ben...
Glycosyltransferases are important enzymes which are often used as tools to generate novel natural products. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of an inverting N- and O-glycosyltransferase from Saccharopolyspora erythr...
Recently, KOD and its related DNA polymerases have been used for preparing various modified nucleic acids, including not only base-modified nucleic acids, but also sugar-modified ones, such as bridged/locked nucleic acid (BNA/LNA) which would be prom...
Many strategies have been developed to modulate the biological or biotechnical properties of oligonucleotides by introducing new chemical functionalities or by enhancing their affinity and specificity while restricting their conformational space. Amo...
To understand the flavor and metabolite differences between the three commercial dried jujube cultivars Huizao (HZ), Hamazao 1 (HMZ), and Qiyuexian (QYX), their soluble sugars, organic acids, volatiles, and metabolites were systematically investigate...
Comets are chemically rich and thermally extreme, spanning surface temperatures from ~50 K in the Oort Cloud to >1000 K for sungrazing bodies. These conditions may support key steps of prebiotic chemistry, including the synthesis of nucleic acid p...
Seed sugar composition, mainly including fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose, is an important indicator of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed quality. However, research on soybean sugar composition is limited. To better understand...
Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) are a spectrum of diseases that arise from mutations in genes responsible for maintaining telomere integrity. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) adds nucleotides to chromosome ends and is frequently mutat...
Root morphology, an important determinant of nutrient absorption and plant growth, can adapt to various growth environments to promote survival. Solution flow under hydroponic conditions provides a mechanical stimulus, triggering adaptive biological...
Aluminum (Al) at high concentrations inhibits root growth, damage root systems, and causes significant reductions in rice yields. Indica and Japonica rice have been cultivated in distinctly different ecological environments with different soil acidit...
Biological RNA is a uniform polymer in three senses: it uses nucleotides of a single chirality; it uses only ribose sugars and four nucleobases rather than a mixture of other sugars and bases; and it uses only 3′-5′ bonds rather than a mixture of dif...
The Sabin I poliovirus live, attenuated vaccine strain encodes for four amino acid changes (i.e., D53N, Y73H, K250E, and T362I) in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We have previously shown that the T362I substitution leads to a lower fidelity...
Microorganism employs sophisticated strategies to adapt to acidic environments, with transcription factors occupying pivotal nodes within their hierarchical regulatory networks. In this study, we performed functional characterization of the AraR tran...
The median lethal concentration value of alkalinity tolerance for Macrobrachium nipponense over 96 h is only 14.42 mmol/L with a safety value of 4.71 mmol/L, which is insufficient to perform the aquaculture program in a water environment with high al...
Macrobrachium nipponense is an important economic freshwater species in China. Previous research has found that M. nipponense can reproduce under salinity conditions of 10 parts per thousand (ppt) and exhibits a strong ability to adapt to salinity ch...
Chinese water chestnut (CWC) is popular among consumers due to its unique flavor and crisp and sweet taste. Thus far, the key substances affecting the taste compound of CWC are still unclear. In this study, we used UPLC-MS/MS and an electronic tongue...
Spinach is a significant source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These nutrients make it delicious and beneficial for human health. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the accumulation of nutrients in spinach remains unclear. In this st...
Coconut is an important tropical and subtropical fruit and oil crop severely affected by cold temperature, limiting its distribution and application. Thus, studying its low-temperature reaction mechanism is required to expand its cultivation range. W...
Polygonati Rhizoma, widely used as a traditional functional food and herbal medicine, is well known for its health-promoting activities after the process of “nine cycles of steaming-drying”. Based on UPLC-MS/MS, 1369 secondary metabolites...
Ubiquitous on Earth, DNA and other nucleic acids are being increasingly considered as promising biomass resources. Due to their unique chemical structure, which is different from that of more common carbohydrate biomass polymers, materials based on n...
Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) is a key enzyme for the regulation of energy metabolism from glycogen and glycolysis, as it catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. PGM1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder c...
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