This paper reports the findings from a study that explored the effects of task complexity on linguistic complexity in EFL writing with a within-and-between-subject design for the sustainability of EFL writing skills. A total of 178 English majors and...
Complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) are a suitable tool to manage spatial directional information which includes distance and direction. However, spatial directional information is given by linguistic values. It is very awkward for the CFS to describe this typ...
This study applies relative entropy in naturalistic large-scale corpus to calculate the difference among L2 (second language) learners at different levels. We chose lemma, token, POS-trigram, conjunction to represent lexicon and grammar to detect the...
In this paper, complex q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic sets (CQROULSs) for handling multi-attribute decision making (MADM) issues are proposed so that the assessed estimation of each trait can be presented by CQROULS. Another aggregation operat...
Identifying which words present in a text may be difficult to understand by common readers is a well-known subtask in text complexity analysis. The advent of deep language models has also established the new state-of-the-art in this task by means of...
In this manuscript, we combine the notion of linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LDFS), uncertain linguistic set (ULS), and complex fuzzy set (CFS) to elaborate the notion of complex linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic set (CLDULS). CLDULS refers to tr...
In this research, we provide tools to overcome the information loss limitation resulting from the requirement to estimate the results in the discrete initial expression domain. Through the use of 2-tuples, which are made up of a linguistic term and a...
Against the background of a major change in the world unseen in a century, emergencies with high complexity and uncertainty have had serious impacts on economic security and sustainable social development, making emergency management an important iss...
Aggregation operators perform a valuable and significant role in various decision-making processes. Averaging and geometric aggregation operators are both used for capturing the interrelationships of the aggregated preferences, even if the preference...
Information asymmetry between complex source texts and general-audience comprehension remains a critical challenge in Artificial Intelligence. However, existing supervised simplification methods suffer from the scarcity of parallel training data, whi...
The paper focuses on linguistic complexity and language universals, which are two important and controversial issues in language research. A Fuzzy Property Grammar for determining the degree of universality and complexity of a natural language is int...
This study examines the relationship between morphological complexity and word order rigidity, addressing a gap in the literature regarding causality in linguistic changes. While prior research suggests that the loss of inflectional morphology correl...
The new product development process (NPD) is considered to be the key factor of competition among different markets. The identification of a suitable material is an important issue in the conception and improvement of new products. Material selection...
A novel method of exploring linguistic networks is introduced by mapping word-adjacency networks to time series and applying multifractal analysis techniques. This approach captures the complex structural patterns of language by encoding network prop...
Benefitting from the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, the machine translation task based on neural networks has achieved impressive performance in many high-resource language pairs. However, the neural machine tran...
This paper deals with word order in complex verb phrases consisting of auxiliaries and infinitive complements in heritage Polish. In Polish, infinitive complements normally follow auxiliaries, but discontinuous structures occur if required by the inf...
This study aims to address the limitations of traditional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in managing safety and reliability within complex systems characterized by interdependent critical factors. We propose an integrated framework that comb...
Text simplification is crucial in bridging the comprehension gap in today’s information-rich environment. Despite advancements in English text simplification, languages with intricate grammatical structures, such as Greek, often remain under-ex...
Pan-Homophonic events denote fluctuations in stock prices that are triggered by phonetic similarities between event keywords and stock tickers. As a relatively novel and under-researched phenomenon, they mirror a subtle yet influential behavioral dev...
The recent use of large language models (LLMs) in code generation and code summarization tasks has been widely adopted by the software engineering community. New LLMs are emerging regularly with improved functionalities, efficiency, and expanding dat...
Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 are increasingly integrated into research, industry, and enterprise workflows, yet little is known about how input file formats shape their outputs. While prior work has shown that formats can influence resp...
In recent years, different types of emergency events have taken place frequently around the world. Emergencies need to be addressed in the shortest possible time since inappropriate or delayed decisions may result in severe secondary disasters and ec...
In a recent study, I demonstrated that large numbers of L2 (second language) speakers do not appear to influence the morphological or information-theoretic complexity of natural languages. This paper has three primary aims: First, I address recent cr...
This paper assesses the role of socio-demographic triggers on Kolmogorov-based complexity in spoken English varieties. It thus contributes to the ongoing debate on contact and complexity in the sociolinguistic typological research community. Currentl...
In this paper, I analyze, from a compositional perspective, the relevant features to construct the interpretation of immediate succession between a subordinate event and the event that takes place in the main sentence. Among all the components involv...
The acquisition of a second language requires the construction or reconstruction of linguistic knowledge about the new language system. Learners of a second language have to acquire the linguistic structures of the second language by constructing or...
A double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (DHHFLT) is deemed as an effective and powerful linguistic expression which models complex linguistic decision information more accurately by using two different hierarchy linguistic term sets. Th...
Linguistic q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set is a new extension of the linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy set, which effectively represents the fuzzy and uncertain decision-making information based on qualitative modeling. However, its operational rules are unabl...
Decision making is the key component of people’s daily life, from choosing a mobile phone to engaging in a war. To model the real world more accurately, probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) were proposed to manage a situation in which sev...
Multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) is widely applied to various areas for solving real-life problems, including technology selection, credit assessment, strategic planning evaluation, supplier selection, etc. To describe the complex and im...
Knowledge reduction is a crucial topic in formal concept analysis. There always exists uncertain, symmetric linguistic-evaluation information in social life, which leads to high complexity in the process of knowledge representation. In order to overc...
The aggregation operator is a potential tool to fuse the information derived from multisources, which has been applied in group decision, combination classification and scheduling clusters successfully. To better characterize complex decision situati...
This work introduces an automatic classification system for measuring the complexity level of a given Italian text under a linguistic point-of-view. The task of measuring the complexity of a text is cast to a supervised classification problem by expl...
The mechanisms driving the development of eye movement patterns is an unresolved debate in children during reading, with three competing hypotheses: the oculomotor-tuning hypothesis, the linguistic-proficiency hypothesis, and the combined hypothesis...
Linguistic terms have proven to be more effective for DMs when defining complex and imprecise cognition. Consequently, a variety of novel linguistic models such as fuzzy linguistic approach, hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs), and hesitant...
Ambiguous and uncertain facts can be handled using a hesitant 2-tuple linguistic set (H2TLS), an important expansion of the 2-tuple linguistic set. The vagueness and uncertainty of data can be grabbed by using aggregation operators. Therefore, aggreg...
This study proposes a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based evaluation framework to examine the linguistic consistency of large language model (LLM)-generated personalized texts over time. NLP metrics were used to quantify and compare linguistic pa...
Intellectual preferences often align with the broader concept of standardization. The centralizing tendency observed in the sciences mirrors the patterns seen in linguistic standardization, such as the establishment of standard dialects in diverse sp...
Nowadays, decision making problems have increased their complexity and a single decision maker cannot handle these problems, with a more diverse and comprehensive view of them being necessary, which results in group decision making (GDM) schemes. The...
Automatic term extraction aims at extracting terminological units from specialized corpora to assist terminographers in developing glossaries, thesauri, and termbases. Unfortunately, traditional methods often overlook the complex relation between ter...
This article explores linguistic and cultural identities as they emerge in ethnographic data from plurilingual children with transnational and ethnic minority backgrounds in Catalonia, Spain. The particular sociolinguistic and multicultural context w...
In this article, we proposed new Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy aggregation information—namely, the Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (PTULFEWA) operator, the Pythagorean trapezoi...
In the realm of linguistics, the concept of “semanticity” was recently introduced as a novel measure designed to study linguistic networks. In a given text, semanticity is defined as the ratio of the potential number of meanings associate...
Group decision-making is an inherently collaborative process that can become increasingly complex when addressing the uncertainty associated with linguistic assessments from experts. A crucial principle for achieving a solution of superior quality li...
Handwriting is a complex skill involving perceptual, motor, linguistic, and cognitive processes [...]
Linguistically and culturally responsive pedagogies (LCRPs) recognize students’ multilingual and cultural resources as central to inclusive and equitable learning. While such approaches are increasingly promoted in English language education (E...
Changes to the global infrastructure have contributed to the growing (linguistic) diversity of large metropolises. However, there have been calls from scholars to explore “emerging superdiversity” (DePalma and Pérez-Caramés 2018) in peripheral region...
When solving multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems, the 2-tuple linguistic variable is an effective tool that can not only express complex cognitive information but also prevent loss of information in calculation. The picture fuzzy set (...
In this paper, we apply the neural architecture search (NAS) method to Korean grammaticality judgment tasks. Since the word order of a language is the final result of complex syntactic operations, a successful neural architecture search in linguistic...
Linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, as an extension of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, have strong practical value in the management of complex uncertainty system with qualitative evaluation information. This study focuse...
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