151 Results Found

This study reports unexpected strong longitudinal structures from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived total electron content (TEC) observations in the low-latitude ionosphere over Asia. The observations during 2019–2020 show diver...

In this study, 117,718 ionospheric perturbations, with a space size (t) of 20–300 s but no amplitude (A) limit, were automatically globally searched via software utilizing ion density data measured by the DEMETER satellite for over 6 years. The...

Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere modify the phase and amplitude of trans-ionospheric radio signals. We aim to characterize the spectral and morphological features of E- and F-region ionospheric irregularities likely to produce these...

The 2019 Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is well captured by the specified dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X). This SSW is dominated by a strong quasi-stationary plan...

A large near-surface perturbation such as the eruption of the Tonga underwater volcano on 15 January 2022 can generate disturbances in the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere. It is quite challenging to detect and investigate the disturbances in...

The sporadic E (Es) layer is a thin layer of ion plasma enhancement in the E-region ionosphere, typically at altitudes of 90–120 km with vertical and horizontal extent of several or several tens of kilometers. As the transition region between t...

The structure of the winter noon ionosphere of the southern hemisphere was studied. This structure includes the dayside cusp, associated high-latitude ionospheric trough (HLT), main ionospheric trough (MIT), electron density (Ne) peak at latitudes ab...

The solar terminator, due to its unique characteristics, is a remarkable source of atmospheric disturbances. Due to its regularity and constancy, dependent solely on geometric factors, it can serve as a test source of disturbances, which can be used...

This paper presents climatological features of the longitudinal structures WN4, WN3, and WN2 and their drivers observed in the lower thermospheric temperatures and in the ionospheric TEC. For this purpose, two long-term data sets are utilized: the sa...

Using dense global navigation satellite system data and brightness temperature data across the New Zealand and Australia regions, we tracked the propagation of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) associated with the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcan...

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) collects data covering latitudes primarily between 40 degrees north and south, providing abundant data for tropical cyclone (TC) research. The radio occultation...

Aurora is caused by the collision of high-energy particles with particles in the Earth’s atmosphere. Recent advances in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have demonstrated significant potential for ionospheric inversion at various scales, offering...

The ionospheric error can significantly affect the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals, particularly in the case of L band and lower frequency SAR systems. The ionospheric distortions are mixed with terrain and ground deformation signals, lowering...

The separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in the winter evening and morning ionospheres of the southern hemisphere were performed using CHAMP satellite data for high solar activity (2000–2002). In the high-latitude ionosphere, th...

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a pivotal role in our modern positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) technologies. GNSS satellites fly at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km or higher. This altitude is above an ionized layer of...

This study introduced a Kalman filtering assimilation model that considers the DCB errors of GPS/LEO satellites and GNSS stations. The assimilation results and reliability were verified by various types of data, such as ionMap, ionosonde, ISR, and th...

During geomagnetic storm events, the highly variable solar wind energy input in the magnetosphere significantly alters the structure of the Earth’s upper atmosphere through the interaction of the ionospheric plasma with atmospheric neutrals. A...

This paper describes a novel sounding system for which the functions of the medium frequency (MF) radar and the ionosonde are integrated on the same hardware platform and antenna structure, namely the middle atmosphere-ionosphere (MAI) system. Unlike...

This paper examines the response of the ionosphere to the impact of two moderate geomagnetic storms observed on January 17 and 26–27, 2013, under conditions of strong sudden stratospheric warming. The study uses data from ground-based ionosonde...

A numerical simulation of Perkins instability in the midlatitude F-region ionosphere is developed in this study. The growth of nighttime plasma density perturbation excited by Perkins instability was successfully reproduced. The simulated results sho...

A high-accuracy Global Ionosphere Model (GIM) is significant for precise positioning and navigating with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), as well as space weather applications. To obtain a precise GIM, it is critical to take both the io...

A robust ionospheric model is indispensable for providing the atmospheric delay corrections for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) navigation and positioning and forecasting the space environment. The accuracy of ionospheric models is limited...

Short-wave communication, operating within the frequency range of 3–30 MHz, is extensively employed for long-distance communication because of its extended propagation range and robustness. The ionosphere undergoes complex transformations when...

Space plasma turbulence plays a relevant role in several plasma environments, such as solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere system, and is essential for describing their complex coupling. This interaction gives rise to vario...

Electron density (or electron concentration) is a critical metric for characterizing the ionosphere’s mobility. Shortwave technologies, remote sensing systems, and satellite communications—all rely on precise estimations of electron densi...

Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) is based on the Gauss–Markov Kalman filter to assimilate the slant total electron content (TEC) observed from ground-based GPS receivers and space-based radio occultation instrumentations in order to recon...

The Martian ionosphere was actively detected by Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) aboard the Mars Express. The detected echo signal of the MARSIS at an epoch is presented as a function of frequency and time delay to...

The sensitivity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers to ionospheric disturbances and their constant growth are nowadays resulting in an increased concern of GNSS users about the impacts of ionospheric disturbances at mid-latitudes....

This article presented a brief review of studies of the Earth’s ionosphere at the heights of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by a method based on the creation of artificial periodic inhomogeneities (APIs) of the ionospheric plasma by high...

GPS radio occultation (RO) technology can fully describe the subtle structure of the ionosphere. This paper discusses the dynamic abnormity observed by the RO data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOS...

The dynamic evolutions of the noon ionospheric Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) owing to the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption were investigated using the ionospheric plasma measurements from the Swarm satellite, the science experiment of the Constella...

Total Electron Content (TEC) is a fundamental parameter characterizing the electron density distribution in the ionosphere. Traditional global TEC modeling approaches predominantly rely on mathematical methods (such as spherical harmonic function fit...

Field-aligned currents (FACs) flowing in the auroral ionosphere are a complex system of upward and downward currents, which play a fundamental role in the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling and in the ionospheric heating. Here, using data from the ESA...

A new ionospheric tomography model is presented in this work. In the new model, the traditional voxel basis function is replaced by the blob basis function. Due to the overlapping nature of their rotational symmetric basis functions, the new model in...

Ground-based oblique incidence sounding (OIS) is an important means to investigate the ionosphere. As the OIS ionogram is a visual representation of the OIS parameters, such as group distance and maximum usable frequency (MUF), it is of great signifi...

It is well known that the Faraday rotation (FR) is obviously embedded in spaceborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data at L-band and lower frequencies. By model inversion, some widely used FR angle estimators have been proposed for c...

An important problem that arises when planning experiments on remote sensing from space in the P-band is taking into account the influence of the Earth’s ionosphere. We investigated the influence of ionospheric inhomogeneities on the results of...

Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) are distinct radar echoes from the Earth’s upper atmosphere between 80 to 90 km altitude that form in layers typically extending only a few km in altitude and often with a wavy structure. The structure is linked...

The recent Chinese Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) provides a good opportunity to investigate some features of plasma properties and its motion in the topside ionosphere. Using simultaneous measurements from the electric field detector and...

Phase stability at low radio frequencies is severely impacted by ionospheric propagation delays. Radio interferometers such as the giant metrewave radio telescope (GMRT) are capable of detecting changes in the ionosphere’s total electron conten...

The Earth’s ionosphere is a highly variable medium on a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. The responsiveness of plasma to the geomagnetic field and its changes gives rise to anisotropy, which may introduce wave-like characteristics while sc...

With the accumulation of the ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) data observed by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) occultation sounder (GNOS) onboard FengYun-3C (FY3C) satellite, it is possible to use GNOS IRO data for ionospheric climatolog...

The 25–26 August 2018 space weather event occurred during the solar minimum period and surprisingly became the third largest geomagnetic storm of the entire 24th solar cycle. We analyzed the ionospheric response at high latitudes of both hemispheres...

By using multi-satellite observations of the L1 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) taken in 2017, we present the occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities in low-latitude and equa...

Ionospheric structure usually changes dramatically during a strong geomagnetic storm period, which will significantly affect the short-wave communication and satellite navigation systems. It is critically important to make accurate ionospheric predic...

Fully coupled lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere theory has demonstrated that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EM) fields present a broad application prospect in deep resource exploration, but previous studies have ignored the contri...

A newly developed three-dimensional electrostatic fluid model solving continuity and current closure equations aims to study phenomena that generate ionospheric turbulence. The model is spatially discretized using a pseudo-spectral method with full F...

A hybrid model for the time series of complex structure (HMTS) was proposed. It is based on the combination of function expansions in a wavelet series with ARIMA models. HMTS has regular and anomalous components. The time series components, obtained...

A double-adaptive adjustment algorithm (DAAA) is proposed to reconstruct three-dimensional ionospheric electron density (IED) distribution. In the DAAA method, the relaxation factor of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) is f...

Tomographic inversion of the ionosphere is a rank-deficient problem. To overcome the above problem, an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) based on adaptive horizontal constraint and empirical orthogonal function (ARTHCEOF) is proposed. The new...