Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that affects 9.3% of the worldwide population and is associated with a series of comorbidities such as heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diabetic patients, especially those with associat...
Under normal conditions, potassium is predominantly found within cells. The concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular spaces enables signal transmission through membrane depolarization. The disruption...
Brugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome involving susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with no obvious structural heart disease. Brugada syndrome is characte...
Background: Insufficient kidney function increases the risk of hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia, particularly in hemodialysis-dependent patients. Hypoglycemia is a common complication of insulin-based hyperkalemia treatment. This study aims to evaluate...
Liver disease is often associated with dysfunctional potassium homeostasis but is not a well-established risk factor for hyperkalemia. This retrospective cohort study examined the potential relationship between liver disease and recurrent hyperkalemi...
(1) Background: Hyperkalemia is a common finding in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), though its prognostic significance is controversial. There is no consensus on optimal potassium levels in these patients. The prima...
Background: Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte disorder frequently encountered in the emergency department. There are few studies on seasonal variation in the prevalence of hyperkalemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in th...
Hyperkalemia may cause life-threatening cardiac and neuromuscular alterations, and it is associated with high mortality rates. Its treatment includes a multifaceted approach, guided by potassium levels and clinical presentation. In general, treatment...
2 December 2022
Hyperkalemia is one of the more common acute life-threatening metabolic emergencies. The aim of our study is to determine the correlation and accuracy of abnormal ECG parameters as a function of serum potassium concentration in the end-stage renal di...
Background: Sodium zircon`ium cyclosilicate (SZC), a recently introduced potassium binder, is indicated to treat hyperkalemia. SZC is often terminated soon after the normalization of hyperkalemia in real-world clinical practice. We aimed to investiga...
Background: Restriction of oral potassium intake is a necessary dietary intervention for managing chronic hyperkalemia. These dietary changes may have negative impacts on nutrition status, particularly in geriatric cohorts with multiple comorbidities...
Hyperkalemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the prevalence of hyperkalemia, current real-world data suggest that serum potassium levels are not eff...
Background/Objectives: Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disorder in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) have been shown to improve survival and decrease hospit...
Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is a mainstay of treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with kidney failure in order to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVE), increase overall survival and improve quality of life. Perioperati...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of the world’s population. Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication in patients with CKD, as it is associated with adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. There are still many challenges...
Hyperkalemia is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, owing to the absence of specific symptoms in its early stages, hyperkalemia frequently remains undiagnosed. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predic...
Background: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), a newly introduced specific potassium binder, is introduced to treat hyperkalemia. However, the implications of SZC in up-titrating renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in patie...
This study aimed to examine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of Japanese hemodialysis patients with dyskalemia. A retrospective study was conducted using a large Japanese hospital group database. Outpatients undergoing thrice-a-week maintena...
(1) Background: This observational study aimed to verify the association between serum potassium levels and hospitalization days in patients with chronic kidney disease in a follow up of nine months. (2) Methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease...
Severe hyperkalemia is a potentially life threatening cardiac emergency, especially in patients with renal failure, and can lead to fatal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or asystole, leading to cardiac arrest. We report a case of a 39-ye...
Background: Adverse drug reactions have been reported as leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Unfractionated heparin- and low-molecular-weight heparin-induced hyperkalemia are side effects that have been reported in approximately 7 to 8% of hep...
Background/Objectives: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains a major global health burden. Sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), improves outcomes in HFrEF but may cause hyperkalemia. Method...
(1) Background: The objective of this rapid review is to assess whether new potassium binders (NPBs) could enable the optimization of RAASi therapy more than usual care or placebo in patients with or at risk of heart failure and hyperkalemia. (2) Met...
Hyperkalemia is associated with increased risks of mortality and adverse clinical outcomes. The treatment of hyperkalemia often leads to the discontinuation or restriction of beneficial but potassium-increasing therapy such as renin-angiotensin-aldos...
Background: Whether to continue renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy in patients with hyperkalemia remains a clinical challenge, particularly in patients with heart failure (HF), where RAASis remain the cornersto...
The management of hyperkalemia with insulin–glucose/dextrose treatment (IDT) may be influenced by patient factors and cotreatments. We aimed to determine the magnitude of potassium lowering by IDT while considering patient factors and cotreatme...
Hypokalemic paralysis is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute flaccid paralysis with concomitant hypokalemia. Complications, such as acute respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias, can be fatal. If treated appropriately, the patient can reco...
Background: No study has explored the limitations of current long-term management of hyperkalemia (HK) in outpatient CKD clinics. Methods: We evaluated the association between current therapeutic options and control of serum K (sK) during 12-month fo...
Background: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) can cause irreversible brain damage and autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiology. Increasing serum potassium (K+) levels reduces CIRI, but the relationship between its protective mec...
(1) Background: Constipation is one of the most serious adverse effects of potassium-lowering agents and decreases patients’ quality of life. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a recently innovated potassium binder intended for patients wi...
Background: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), a newly introduced potassium binder, is indicated for treating hyperkalemia. SZC-incorporated up-titration of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists has been re...
Background: Spironolactone, a non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, can protect against cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction, and improve endothelial dysfunction and proteinuria. However, the safety and effects of spironol...
Potassium binders are essential tools to treat hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease. One of the drug-related complications is constipation, which further worsens heart failure by increasing afterload an...
Potassium homeostasis is impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to alterations in physiological mechanisms and use of agents that modulate the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) to slow CKD progression and reduce cardiova...
Background: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a novel potassium-binding agent with strong evidence supporting its efficacy in normalizing hyperkalemia. However, the long-term prognostic impact of SZC-integrated medical therapy in patients with...
BRASH syndrome is characterized by bradycardia, renal failure, AV nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia. The proposed mechanism involves a vicious cycle between AV nodal blockers, hyperkalemia, and renal failure and was first described in 2016. We...
Potassium overdose usually occurs accidentally, but potassium is also used for judicial executions, assisted death, and, rarely, suicides. In addition to exogenous overdose, various drugs, and renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis can cause hyperkalem...
Background/Objectives: Whole-food plant-based diets (WFPBDs) are beneficial in managing hypertension in the general population but have not been well studied in chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially due to concerns about hyperkalemia. We hypothes...
Background/Objectives: Hypoaldosteronism is classified into “aldosterone deficit” (Aldo-D) and “aldosterone/mineralocorticoid resistance” (Aldo-R) based on etiopathogenic mechanisms. This distinction could be useful for guidin...
Background & Objectives: Data on the efficacy and adverse effects of finerenone in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited, particularly regarding ethnic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of finerenon...
A 3-year-old spayed male mixed-breed Labrador presented to the Emergency and Critical Care Unit with lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, a recent history of presyncopal episodes, and severe exercise intolerance. On admission, the patient had bradyc...
Background: In patients with end-stage heart failure, durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) can be used as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy. LVADs have been shown to improve survival for patients with heart failure (HF). HF is...
Hyperkalemia is a major concern in chronic kidney disease and in end-stage renal disease, representing a predictor of hospitalization and mortality. To prevent and treat hyperkalemia, dietary management is of great clinical interest. Currently, the g...
Background/Objectives: Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1) is a rare disorder characterized by aldosterone resistance, leading to hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and elevated renin and aldosterone levels in neonates and infants. While genetic mutation...
We have studied the effects of add-on spironolactone treatment (100 mg/day) in 11 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and > 3 gm proteinuria/day despite angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy titrated to a systolic/di...
Dehydration with hyponatremia can occur from a variety of causes and can be potentially fatal to infants. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare disease that can cause severe dehydration along with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia because of re...
Hyponatremia associated with low-dose trimethoprim in patients on concomitant systemic corticosteroid therapy has rarely been reported. Here, we describe a 57-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension treated with telmisarta...
Traditional dietary recommendations to renal patients limited the intake of fruits and vegetables because of their high potassium content. However, this paradigm is rapidly changing due to the multiple benefits derived from a fundamentally vegetarian...
In the general population, an increased potassium (K) intake lowers blood pressure (BP). The effects of K have not been well-studied in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This randomized feeding trial with a 2-period crossover design comp...
The incidence of hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) or high blood potassium (5–5.5 mEq/L) during living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is reported to be more than 10%. It occurs more frequently in the early post-reperfusion period and is a major...
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