282 Results Found

B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is one of the most common pediatric cancers, wherein regulatory T cells (Treg) and exhausted CD8+ T cells may be important in its development and maintenance. In this bioinformatics study, we evaluated the expre...

T cells play diverse roles in cancer immunology, acting as tumor suppressors, cytotoxic effectors, enhancers of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and immune suppressors; providing memory and surveillance; modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME); o...

Parentage assignment is a genetic test that utilizes genetic characteristics, such as molecular markers, to identify the parental relationships within populations, which, in commercial fish farming, are almost always large and where full information...

This paper investigates the acceptability of focused Objects with [+corrective, +exhaustive] features in Italian and French, considering the role of syntactic rigidity, Exhaustivity Markers (EMs), and argument structure. We conducted two parallel acc...

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the systemic and local inflammatory responses in patients with periimplantitis, focusing on key immune markers and clinical parameters. The study further explores the relationship between inflammatory markers, c...

γδ T cells are innate cells able to quickly eliminate pathogens or infected/tumoral cells by their antiviral and adjuvancy activities. The role of γδ T cells during Dengue Viral Infection (DENV) infection is not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, human...

Introduction: Serum biomarkers such as CA-125 and HE4, along with the ROMA score, (which integrates both markers) are widely used to distinguish between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. In ovarian cancer, chronic exposure to tumor-associated anti...

Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting...

HCC is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Curative treatments are available for a minority of patients diagnosed at early stages; however, only a few multikinase inhibitors are available and are marginally effective in advance...

Recent studies have shown that shì ‘be’… (de) focus sentences in Mandarin Chinese are not structurally uniform. One of the criteria to make distinctions among them is the Adjacency Condition, that is, only the right adjacent...

This study investigates T cell subsets in pericardial fluid samples obtained from heart transplantation donors, heart transplantation recipients, and coronary artery bypass graft patients. Using flow cytometry, we characterized regulatory T cells (Tr...

Recurrent infection with human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) may be associated with immune exhaustion that impairs virus elimination. Thymic peptides enhance immune function and thus could overcome immune exhaustion. In this study, we investigated wheth...

Both acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are characterized by inflammation. HCV and reduced liver blood filtration contribute to inflammation; however, the mechanisms of systemic immune activation and dysfunction as a result of HCV i...

We evaluated the role of allicin in periodontitis using an in silico and in vitro design. An in silico docking analysis was performed to assess the plausible interactions between allicin and PD-L1. The cytokine profile of gingival crevicular fluid (G...

Background: the association between ovarian endometriosis (OE) and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is extensively documented, and misfunction of the immune system might be involved. The primary objective of this study was to identify a...

Cytolytic activity score (CYT), defined by granzyme A and perforin expression, is a useful marker for underlying immunity. We hypothesized that CYT-high hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) have stronger immunogenicity and favorable tumor microenvironmen...

Regular physical activity confers health benefits and improves the general quality of life. Recently, alkaline-reduced water (ARW) consumption has garnered increasing attention in the field of sports. ARW effectively inhibits the oxidative stress gen...

The use of saliva to monitor immune and hormonal responses in training, competitions, and during recovery is an easy and non-invasive alternative means of collecting samples compared to serum collection. Saliva can provide insight into a number of in...

A low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach ensuring that the body utilizes lipids. In our previous study, we found that an eight-week ketogenic high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet increased the capacity of endurance exerci...

The phenomenon of accumulation of senescent adaptive immunity cells in the elderly is attracting attention due to the increasing risk of global epidemics and aging of the global population. Elderly people are predisposed to various infectious and age...

Natural Killer (NK) cells have been found to be anergic, exhausted and pro-angiogenic in cancers. NK cell from healthy donors, exposed to TGFβ, acquire the CD56brightCD9+CD49a+ decidual-like-phenotype, together with decreased levels of NKG2D activati...

The yellow fever (YF) vaccine is one of the safest and most effective vaccines currently available. Still, its administration in people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited due to safety concerns and a lack of consensus regarding decreased immunogenicit...

Background: Chronic inflammation is a significant factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, especially in colitis-associated CRC (CAC). T-cell exhaustion is known to influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression and antitumor immunity i...

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer (PACA) is one of the most fatal malignancies worldwide. Immunotherapy is largely ineffective in patients with PACA. T-cell exhaustion contributes to immunotherapy resistance. We investigated the prognostic potential of T-ce...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and malignancies, despite their distinct nature, are characterized by similar immune responses, including the development of local and systemic inflammation and T-cell exhaustion. This article compares the role of immune...

The aims of our present study were to establish a novel olfactory-based spatial learning test and to examine the effects of exposure to nano-sized diesel exhaust-origin secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a model environmental pollutant, on the learning...

Background/Objectives: Restored CD4 absolute counts (CD4AC) and CD4/CD8 ratio in the setting of continuous antiretroviral treatment (ART) do not exclude a low-level immune activation associated with HIV reservoirs, microbial translocation, or the sid...

Source attribution of airborne particulate matter (PM) relies on a host of different chemical species. Organic molecular markers are a set of particularly useful marker compounds for estimating source contributions to the fine PM fraction (i.e., PM2....

One of the aggressive and lethal cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in the progression...

Historically, reducing aerosol-based transmission of respired viruses in indoor environments has been of importance for controlling influenza viruses and common-cold rhinoviruses. The present public health emergency associated with SARS-CoV-2 makes t...

Despite improvement in the prognosis of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), cryptococcal meningitis (CM) still causes 10–15% mortality among HIV-infected patients...

Vehicle-related particulate matter (PM) emissions may arise from both exhaust and non-exhaust mechanisms, such as brake wear, tire wear, and road pavement abrasion, each of which may be emitted directly and indirectly through resuspension of settled...

Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are highly suitable for regeneration therapies being easily collected and propagated in vitro. The effects of different external factors and culturing conditions are able to affect hADSC proliferation,...

CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are critical for establishing antitumor immunity. Nevertheless, the global landscape of their numbers, functional status, and differentiation trajectories remain...

Background: Intense exercise leads to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, which triggers cell disintegration. NET, as well as other processes of apoptosis, necrosis, and spontaneous secretion, result in increased levels of cell-free DNA...

Background/Objectives: While ART effectively suppresses HIV viremia, many PLWH exhibit persistent immune dysfunction. This study aimed to assess immune recovery and immune exhaustion (PD-1/PD-L1 expression) in newly diagnosed versus long-term ART-tre...

This paper discusses the structural realisation of contrastive focus in the Grassfields Bantu language Bamileke Mǝ̀dʉ́mbà, yet another language with grammatically optional focus fronting. We show that the realisation of con...

The need to regulate the non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles has been discussed worldwide due to the bad environmental impact and the toxicity to the human body. In-depth studies have been precisely conducted on the analysis o...

Stringent regulations have been implemented to address vehicle exhaust emissions and mitigate air pollution. However, the introduction of exhaust gas reduction devices, such as Three-Way Catalytic converters, has raised concerns about the generation...

We proposed a new HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine based on conserved cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes of archived HIV-1 DNA according to their affinity to the dominant HLA-A and -B alleles of the population investigated. Our proposal (Hla Fitted VAC,...

Background: New strategies are needed to improve the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Mice bearing HCC tumors were treated with PBS (control), a PD-1 antibody (PD-1Ab), proglumide, or th...

Background: There is a paucity of information on the contemporary burden, disease patterns, and immunological profile of people living with HIV who are co-infected with C. cayetanensis in the post-antiretroviral therapy era. Methods: For this cross-s...

Recent epidemiological studies have reported significantly increasing hospital admission rates for mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents, indicating more research is needed for evalua...

Cellular senescence is a durable cell cycle arrest as a result of the finite proliferative capacity of cells. Senescence responds to both intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses, such as aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, irradiation, and chemothera...

Intra-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in cases with persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we describe a severely immunosuppressed individual with HIV-1/SARS-CoV...

The immune cell niche associated with oral dysplastic lesion progression to carcinoma is poorly understood. We identified T regulatory cells (Treg), CD8+ effector T cells (Teff) and immune checkpoint molecules across oral dysplastic stages of oral po...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor clinical outcome despite the presence of a rich CD8+ T cell tumor infiltrate in the majority of patients. This may be due to alterations of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Here, we performed a...

We investigated the prognostic role of systemic characteristics for cancer exhaustion and the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. We included 185 patients in this multicenter study with a me...

Lupus nephritis (LN), a chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by the substantial disruption of immune homeostasis. This study examines its effects on the T lymphocyte phenotype and, particularly, its senescence- and exhaustion-related immune...

Background: Desmocollin3, a transmembrane protein, is expressed in the basal/suprabasal layer of normal stratified epithelium. DSC3 gene expression is described in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). DSC3-protein-expressing recurrent non-muscle-in...