Organophosphate compounds are one of the leading causes of death due to poisoning worldwide due to their easy accessibility as insectides and pesticides. Ninety-five percent of pesticide poisonings occur in developing countries, especially in the Asi...
The cosmetic industry has flourished in recent years. Accordingly, the safety of cosmetic ingredients is increasing. Bromochlorophene (BCP) is a commonly used cosmetic preservative. To evaluate the effects of BCP exposure, in vitro dermal absorption...
The higher skin surface area to body weight ratio in children and the prematurity of skin in neonates may lead to higher chemical exposure as compared to adults. The objectives of this study were: (i) to provide a comprehensive review of the age-depe...
Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and t...
Arnica tincture is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat blunt injuries, e.g., bruises and squeezes. In addition, a potential new use in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is currently under investigation. Therefore, detailed information...
Effective topical therapy of cutaneous fungal diseases requires the delivery of the active agent to the target site in adequate concentrations to produce a pharmacological effect and inhibit the growth of the pathogen. In addition, it is important to...
Pesticides must not pose unacceptable risks to human health, so risk assessments are conducted before products are authorised. Dermal exposure is often the main route of intake, so estimating realistic and trustworthy dermal absorption values is cruc...
Amaranth (R2) is used as a color additive in cosmetics. In Korea, R2 is permitted only as a cosmetic colorant and is prohibited in products intended for infants and children under 13 years of age; in Europe, it is regulated solely as a cosmetic color...
The chemical 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (4A3NP) is classified as an amino nitrophenol and is primarily utilized as an ingredient in hair dye colorants. In Korea and Europe, it is exclusively used in non-oxidative or oxidative hair dye formulations, with m...
Pyrogallol is an ingredient in hair dye. Its concentration in hair dye is managed at less than 2.0% in Korea. There have been no reports on the dermal absorption rate of pyrogallol. The two purposes of this study were to develop an analytical method...
In risk assessment, deriving dermal absorption values is essential for evaluating plant protection products. Applicants submit study data, which authorities assess during the authorisation process. If no data are provided, default values from the Eur...
4 October 2022
Occupational exposure as a firefighter is a complex activity that continuously exposes subjects to several health hazards including fire emissions during firefighting. Firefighters are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known as toxi...
Firefighter occupational exposures were categorized as a class 1 (known) carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2022. As a result, firefighters have become heavily focused on identifying effective and easy to implement decon...
Firefighters face significant risks of exposure to toxic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), during fire suppression activities. PAHs have been found in the air, on the gear and equipment, and in biological samples such as the...
Background/Objectives: Physiologically based kinetics (PBK) modelling provides (internal) exposure concentrations. We used a PBK model parameterized exclusively with in silico and in vitro data in a bottom-up approach to predict the pharmacokinetics...
Cosmetic products need to have a proven efficacy combined with a comprehensive toxicological assessment. Before the current Cosmetic regulation N°1223/2009, the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive has banned animal testing for cosmetic...
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is classified as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. As the standard drugs for the treatment of this disease suffer from severe unwanted effects, new effective and safe therapeutic options are r...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in a variety of places including cosmetics, rain jackets, dust, and water. PFAS have also been applied to occupational gear to protect against water and oils. However, PFAS have been identified as...
Recently, a global market for anti-aging skin care using botanicals has been noticeably developing. Morin, 3,5,7,2′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone, is a polyphenol with many pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and...
Background: Isoconazole nitrate (ISN), an antifungal agent that inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blocking lanosterol 14α-demethylation, is widely used to treat candidiasis, and improving its skin retention and permeability can enhance its thera...
Background/Objectives: Marine collagen peptides (MCPs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been described as potential wound-healing (WH) agents. Fish cartilage hydrolysate (FCH) is a natural active food ingredient obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis w...
Compliance with the legal limits set at the European level for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are harmful to human health and the environment, is of central importance for the recycling of rubber, particularly end-of-lif...
Clothes contain a wide range of chemicals, some of them potentially hazardous. Recently, there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly clothing, including the use of organic cotton. However, the process of eco-friendly fabric production does not...
The increased demand for physiologically relevant in vitro human skin models for testing pharmaceutical drugs has led to significant advancements in skin engineering. One of the most promising approaches is the use of in vitro microfluidic systems to...
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of selegiline (SEL), and its metabolites, was developed in silico to evaluate the disposition differences between healthy and special populations. SEL is metabolized to methamphetamine (MAP) and de...
Cyclic methylsiloxanes D4, D5, D6 (also called cyclic silicones) are widely used in various dermatological products and cosmetics, both for children and adults. As a result of their unique physicochemical properties, the production of cyclic methylsi...
The efficacy of transdermal absorption of drugs and the irritation or corrosion potential of topically applied formulations are important areas of investigation in pharmaceutical, military and cosmetic research. The aim of the present experiments is...
This research aimed to quantify and investigate the morphology of microplastics in skincare and treatment creams related to their chemical composition and the potential risks to human health associated with exposure to microplastics by dermal contact...
Various whitening cosmetics are available in the market, usually containing active whitening ingredients. However, most of the reported active ingredients have low dermal penetration due to their lipophilic structure. Therefore, it is necessary to de...
30 January 2012
Excision of lesions in the periparotid area can leave a sizable concavity of the preauricular area with skeletonization of the mandible. To achieve the bulk necessary to fill this defect, we propose using a composite graft. Acellular human dermal all...
Nanocrystals, defined as crystalline particles with dimensions in the nanometer range (<1000 nm), exhibit unique properties that enhance the efficacy of poorly soluble active compounds. This review explores the fundamental aspects of nanocrystals,...
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is a commonly used organic biocide containing an isothiazolone ring. However, it may have adverse effects on human health and its risk needs to be properly evaluated. Dermal exposure is the main route of BIT exposure,...
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that can leach from consumer products and pose potential health risks, particularly to infants whose developing systems are vulnerable to environmental toxicants. While various exposure pathways have been ident...
Several natural bioactive compounds are described for their beneficial effects to skin. Nevertheless, for some compounds, dermal absorption is a challenge, demanding new methods to enhance skin penetration. In this work, pre-treatment with a micronee...
Background/Objectives: Adapalene is a synthetic retinoid used as a treatment for acne vulgaris. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the dermal pharmacokinetics of adapalene utilizing experimental and in silico tools. Methods: We utilized three ov...
This study investigated the occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) (trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), halonitriles (HANs), halonitromethane (TCNM) and haloketones (HKs)) in different type of swimming pools in the area of Thessal...
Systemic disposition of dermally applied chemicals is often formulation-dependent. Rapid evaporation of the vehicle can result in crystallization of active compounds, limiting their degree of skin penetration. In addition, the choice of vehicle can a...
A good understanding of infant skin should provide a rationale for optimum management of the health of this integument. In this review, we discuss the skin barrier function of infants, particularly with reference to the use of diapers and baby wipes....
25 March 2013
Human exposure assessment tools represent a means for understanding human exposure to pesticides in agricultural activities and managing possible health risks. This paper presents a pesticide flow analysis modeling approach developed to assess human...
Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) secretome contains diverse bioactive factors with potential for skin regeneration, but its clinical efficacy is limited by poor transdermal delivery. In this study, we developed a dual-deli...
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of skin absorption are a powerful resource for estimating drug delivery and chemical risk of dermatological products. This paper presents a PBPK workflow for the quantification of the mechanistic de...
Informal recycling of electronic waste leads to soil contamination that can impact human health. To accurately assess exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soil it is necessary to consider their bioavailability through ingestion, inhalation...
Humans are continuously exposed to benzisothiazolinone (BIT), which is used as a preservative, through multiple routes. BIT is known to be a sensitizer; in particular, dermal contact or aerosol inhalation could affect the local toxicity. In this stud...
The ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas L. (ECE) inhibited the enzyme tyrosinase, enhanced the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblast cells, and increased the formation of collagen type I, indicating possible anti-aging and whitening effec...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism that is highly contagious and has been responsible for more than 240 million cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Using masks, soap-based hand washing, and mainta...
Dermal drug delivery is a promising alternate route of drug administration, offering localized therapeutic effects, reduced systemic effects, and improved patient compliance. However, the skin’s intricate configuration, especially the stratum c...
Dermal drug delivery presents a significant challenge for poorly soluble active compounds like curcumin, which often struggle to penetrate the skin barrier effectively. In this study, the dermal penetration efficacy of curcumin nanocrystals and bulk...
Chemical pollution in freshwater ecosystems poses a significant environmental threat, often hindering access to safe drinking water for human populations. The Olifants River Basin in South Africa is particularly vulnerable due to escalating mining an...
This study aims to develop new antifungal dermal films based on their mechanical properties (elongation, adhesion, behaviour towards vapour moisture) and the in vitro availability of miconazole nitrate, used as a pharmaceutical active ingredient in v...
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in polishing products and absorbents, as promoters in wound healing, and as organopesticide decontaminants. While systemic bioaccumulation and organ toxicity has been described after inhalation, data o...
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