The three-factor kinetic equation of catalyst deactivation was obtained in terms of apparent kinetic parameters. The three factors correspond to the main cycle with a linear, detailed mechanism regarding the catalytic intermediates, a cycle of revers...
This article reframes sustainability transitions by positioning the deliberate deactivation of fossil fuel infrastructures—such as coal plants, oil fields, and pipelines—as a central mechanism of systemic change. While prevailing approach...
The deployment of battery-powered electric vehicles in the market has created a naturally increasing need for the safe deactivation and recycling of batteries. Various deactivating methods for lithium-ion cells include electrical discharging or deact...
Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical)...
The selective catalytic reduction of NOx (deNOx) at temperatures less than or at 200 °C was investigated while using C2H4 as the reductant and mixed oxides of Fe and Mn supported on activated carbon; their activity was compared to that of MnOx an...
Owing to the increased use of secondary materials for diesel production, refineries must confront bad quality parameters. Therefore, catalysts with certain capabilities (to remove heteroatoms and improve quality parameters at low hydrogen consumption...
Cylinder deactivation is a fuel economy improvement technology that has attracted particular attention recently. The currently produced cylinder deactivation engines utilize fixed-type cylinder deactivation in which only a fixed number of cylinders a...
Cylinder deactivation is an effective measure to reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. This paper deals with several practical aspects of switching from conventional operation to operation with deactivated cylinders, i.e., gas s...
Asymmetric hydrogenation in solution catalyzed by chiral catalysts is a powerful tool to obtain chiral secondary alcohols. It is possible to reach conversions and enantiomeric excesses close to 99%, but that frequently requires the use of non-optimal...
The deactivation of catalysts and their regeneration are two very important challenges that need to be addressed for many industrial processes. The most quoted reasons for the deterioration of dimethyl ether synthesis (DME) concern the sintering and...
The chain length distribution (CLD) of a reversible deactivation radical polymerization at full conversion is shown to be a negative binomial distribution with parameters that are simple functions of the number-average degree of polymerization and ei...
The study of the deactivation of HY zeolites in the dehydration reaction of glycerol to acrolein has represented a challenge for the design of new catalysts. HY zeolites with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios between 3.5 and 80 were studied. The solids were ch...
Deactivation of commercially relevant cobalt catalysts for Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) synthesis is discussed with a focus on the two main long-term deactivation mechanisms proposed: Carbon deposits covering the catalytic surface and re-o...
In this work, we set out to investigate the deactivation of a commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 monolith catalyst that operated for a total of 18,000 h in a selective catalytic reduction unit treating the exhaust gases of a municipal waste incinerator in a ta...
New theoretical relationships for a complex catalytic reaction accompanied by deactivation are obtained, using as an example the two-step catalytic mechanism (Temkin–Boudart mechanism) with irreversible reactions and irreversible deactivation....
A mechanistic model on catalyst deactivation by coke formation in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has been developed in the paper. Catalyst deactivation by coke formation was treated as a surface reaction. Four reaction mechanisms representi...
The massive consumption of fossil fuels and associated environmental issues are leading to an increased interest in alternative resources such as biofuels. The renewable biofuels can be upgraded from bio-oils that are derived from biomass pyrolysis....
The deactivation of triplet excited state riboflavin by polyphenols, e.g. rutin and catechin, was studied on the basis of density functional theory calculations. The results show that the H-atom transfer pathway is more feasible on thermodynamic grou...
In the methylation of pseudocumene with methanol over IM-5 zeolite, the yield of durene can be enhanced. However, poorer stability of the catalytic activity was observed, especially at a higher methanol/pseudocumene ratio. In this paper, conventional...
The Prins reaction between propene and formaldehyde was studied over H-BEA, H-FAU, H-MFI and H-MOR zeolites at 150 °C in liquid phase. It was found that the H-BEA sample is the most active and selective toward buta-1,3-diene; the H-MFI is a potential...
The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of heavy fuel oil (HFO) offers a promising solution for desulfurizing marine fuels under mild conditions, in line with current environmental regulations. While most studies focus on model or light fuels, explaining...
Chlorophenol compounds pose a health risk to many organisms due to their toxicity. The present paper presents the estimation of the activation and deactivation energies and the optimum temperatures of 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by horseradish per...
Residue catalytic hydrogenation was carried out in a two-stage downflow fixed-bed reactor system, with a HDM catalyst in the first stage and HDS catalyst in the second one, to mimic the industrial operation. The experiments were run at five sets of t...
In the present investigation, a study is carried out using numerical simulation on the effects of cylinder deactivation on tribological parameters and emissions in an internal combustion engine. For the development of the research, a tribological mod...
This work studies Ni-based catalyst deactivation and regeneration processes in the presence of H2S under a biogas tri-reforming process for hydrogen production, which is an energy vector of great interest. 25 ppm of hydrogen sulfide were continuously...
Due to the low temperature and complex composition of the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine, the working requirements of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst cannot be met directly. Moreover, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and...
In this study, three microfluidic devices with different geometries are fabricated on silicon and are bonded to glass to withstand high-pressure fluid flows in order to observe bacteria deactivation effects of micro cavitating flows. The general geom...
Milk containing aflatoxin M1 (ATM1) in quantities above 0.05 µg/kg is considered unsuitable for consumption. It is possible to use mycotoxin deactivators that bind aflatoxin M1 and allow the further use of milk. The study aimed to examine the i...
The problems of catalyst deactivation and optimization of the mixed feedstock become more relevant when the residues are involved as a catalytic cracking feedstock. Through numerical and experimental studies of catalytic cracking, we optimized the co...
Recovery of soil fertility after de-sealing of urban soils is still poorly known. This work studied the time-related dynamics of soil physico-chemical and biochemical endpoints of urban soil in the city in Naples (Southern Italy), de-sealed for diffe...
The catalytic conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels has been long regarded as a promising approach to the mitigation of CO2 emissions if green hydrogen is used. Light olefins, particularly ethylene and propylene, as building blocks for...
Employing catalytic decomposition to break down reducing agents in intermediate-level radioactive waste during nuclear fuel reprocessing offers significant advantages. This study focuses on investigating the deactivation behavior of 5% Ru/C catalysts...
Removing residual energy from end-of-life batteries prior to transportation requires some method of deactivation. While many methods have been proposed, very few have been implemented due to limitations of cost, safety, and efficacy. In this work, mu...
Nitrogen dioxide is one of the most dangerous air pollutants, because its high concentration in air can be directly harmful to human health. It is also responsible for photochemical smog and acid rains. One of the most commonly used techniques to tac...
Small structural alterations of the purine/pyrimidine core have been related to important photophysical changes, such as the loss of photostability. Similarly to canonical nucleobases, solute-solvent interactions can lead to a change in the excited s...
In high-conversion atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), all the reactions, such as radical termination, radical deactivation, dormant chain activation, monomer propagation, etc. could become diffusion controlled sooner or later, depending on...
This study intends to provide insights into various aspects related to the reaction kinetics of the VOx catalyzed propane dehydrogenation including main and side reactions and, in particular, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, which can be hardl...
The photophysical relaxation mechanisms of 1-cyclohexyluracil, in vacuum and water, were investigated by employing the Multi-State CASPT2 (MS-CASPT2, Multi-State Complete Active-Space Second-Order Perturbation Theory) quantum chemical method and Dunn...
Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is a successful method for indoor air purification, especially for removing low-concentration pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) form a class of organic pollutants that are released into the atmosphere by con...
The present work explores the technical feasibility of passivating a Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to reduce deactivation rate during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Three samples of the reference catalyst were passivated usin...
ZSM-5-containing catalytic additives are widely used in oil refineries to boost light olefin production and improve gasoline octanes in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process. Under the hydrothermal conditions present in the FCC regenerator (typi...
The synthesis of poly(urethane-urea) (PUUs) bearing deactivated diamines within the backbone polymer chain is presented. Several deactivated diamines present interesting properties for several applications in the biomaterial field due to their attrac...
A Zr-loaded P-containing biomass-derived activated carbon (ACPZr) has been tested for methanol dehydration between 450 and 550 °C. At earlier stages, methanol conversion was complete, and the reaction product was mainly dimethyl ether (DME), alth...
The catalytic properties of modified Au/TiO2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation are affected by deactivation and reactivation after long-term storage and by redox treatments. The effect of these phenomena on the catalysts was studied by HRTEM...
Lean nitric oxide (NOx)-trap (LNT) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are efficient systems for the abatement of NOx. The combination of LNT and SCR catalysts improves overall NOx removal, but there is a risk that the SCR catalyst will be expose...
The potential benefit of cylinder deactivation (CDA) on power and emission performances has been numerically investigated on a locomotive 16-cylinder diesel engine. A 1D model combined with a predictive friction model and a 3D combustion model based...
Dichloromethane (DCM) is an important pollutant with very harmful effects on human health and the environment. Catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) is an environmentally friendly technology for its removal from gas streams; it avoids the formation of...
This paper highlights algebraic and mathematical properties in symmetry with Petri nets in order to control automated systems such as flexible workshops, which represent one of the most important examples in industry and for discrete event systems in...
For the first time, a fully comprehensive heterogeneous computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to predict the selective catalytic deoxygenation of palm oil to produce green diesel over an Ni/ZrO2 catalyst. The modelling results we...
Cement asbestos slates, commonly known as Eternit® and still abundant in private and public buildings, were deactivated through a thermal process. The resulting deactivated cement asbestos powder (DCAP), a mixture of Ca-Mg-Al silicates and glass,...
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