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127 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,038 Views
15 Pages

11 May 2024

This paper review presents a comparison between conventional leaching and advanced photochemical leaching processes and their potential for use in chalcopyrite leaching. Likewise, it presents an analysis of the differences between the advanced leachi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,143 Views
12 Pages

Leaching of Chalcopyrite under Bacteria–Mineral Contact/Noncontact Leaching Model

  • Pengcheng Ma,
  • Hongying Yang,
  • Zuochun Luan,
  • Qifei Sun,
  • Auwalu Ali and
  • Linlin Tong

24 February 2021

Bacteria–mineral contact and noncontact leaching models coexist in the bioleaching process. In the present paper, dialysis bags were used to study the bioleaching process by separating the bacteria from the mineral, and the reasons for chalcopyrite s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,742 Views
18 Pages

27 July 2023

In this study, chemical leaching, XRD, SEM, and XPS analyses were conducted to investigate the dissolution and passivation mechanisms of chalcopyrite under pressurized oxidative conditions in water. The chemical leaching results showed that the chalc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,688 Views
13 Pages

Rapid Atmospheric Leaching of Chalcopyrite Using a Novel Reagent of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid

  • Guobao Chen,
  • Jiarui Sun,
  • Hongying Yang,
  • Pengcheng Ma and
  • Shixiong Gao

18 September 2021

With the decrease in high-grade chalcopyrite resources, the copper extraction from low-grade chalcopyrite has attracted more and more attention. However, the kinetic rates of chalcopyrite leaching with traditional oxidants are usually very slow due t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
9,611 Views
13 Pages

Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid

  • Miroslav Sokić,
  • Branislav Marković,
  • Srđan Stanković,
  • Željko Kamberović,
  • Nada Štrbac,
  • Vaso Manojlović and
  • Nela Petronijević

30 October 2019

In ores, chalcopyrite is usually associated with other sulfide minerals, such as sphalerite, galena, and pyrite, in a dispersed form, with complex mineralogical structures. Concentrates obtained by flotation of such ores are unsuitable for pyrometall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
786 Views
11 Pages

Hydrogen Generation in the Leaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Acid Medium Assisted by Methanol

  • Oscar Joaquín Solís Marcial,
  • Alfonso Talavera López,
  • José Pablo Ruelas-Leyva,
  • Roberto Zarate Gutiérrez,
  • José Ricardo Rosas Cedillo,
  • José Alfredo Hernández Maldonado and
  • Benito Serrano Rosales

25 August 2025

Currently, chalcopyrite is the world’s largest copper reserve. Commonly, the copper contained in chalcopyrite is obtained by pyrometallurgical processes. Still, in recent years, due to the environmental problems generated by this route, more en...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,256 Views
13 Pages

Leaching Chalcopyrite with an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid and Bromide

  • Marcelo Rodríguez,
  • Luís Ayala,
  • Pedro Robles,
  • Rossana Sepúlveda,
  • David Torres,
  • Francisco Raul Carrillo-Pedroza,
  • Ricardo I. Jeldres and
  • Norman Toro

27 January 2020

The unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) drive the growing number of novel applications in different industries. The main features of ILs are high thermal stability, recyclability, low flash point, and low vapor pressure. This study investigated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,961 Views
17 Pages

Chalcopyrite Leaching in the Presence of Isopropanol—The Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies

  • Tomasz Michałek,
  • Krzysztof Pacławski and
  • Krzysztof Fitzner

8 February 2024

Oxidative leaching, as a basic step of the hydrometallurgical process of pure copper production from chalcopyrite, is a slow process in which mineral acids with strong oxidants addition are usually used as a leaching medium. It was found experimental...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,780 Views
27 Pages

Use of Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizing Agent in Chalcopyrite Leaching: A Review

  • Danny J. Flores,
  • Teófilo A. Graber,
  • Alejandro H. Angel-Castillo,
  • Pía C. Hernández and
  • María E. Taboada

8 May 2025

Leaching represents a significant challenge for the mining industry due to its slow and incomplete kinetics under ambient conditions (20 °C, 1 atm) and its increased prevalence in global ore deposits. In this context, the use of hydrogen peroxide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,312 Views
12 Pages

26 May 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the reactivity of the chalcopyrite (112) surface under industrially relevant leaching conditions. Leaching of the chalcopyrite (112) surface was carried out at approximately pH 1 and in the presence of 0.01 M fe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,587 Views
18 Pages

The Effects of Sulphuric Acid and Sodium Chloride Agglomeration and Curing on Chalcopyrite Leaching

  • Víctor Quezada,
  • Antoni Roca,
  • Oscar Benavente,
  • Montserrat Cruells and
  • Evelyn Melo

27 May 2021

An option to improve the leaching efficiency of chalcopyrite is pretreatment prior to leaching. Pretreatment variables, such as the curing time and the addition of chloride, can increase the kinetics of copper extraction, particularly for sulphide or...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,789 Views
17 Pages

Caliche and Seawater, Sources of Nitrate and Chloride Ions to Chalcopyrite Leaching in Acid Media

  • Pía Hernández,
  • Giovanni Gahona,
  • Monserrat Martínez,
  • Norman Toro and
  • Jonathan Castillo

24 April 2020

Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite is of great interest today due to the depletion of oxidized copper minerals. This will also enable existing plants to continue operation. The objective of this work is to study the behavior of chalcopyrit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
6,866 Views
16 Pages

Leaching of Chalcopyrite in Acidified Nitrate Using Seawater-Based Media

  • Pía C. Hernández,
  • María E. Taboada,
  • Osvaldo O. Herreros,
  • Teófilo A. Graber and
  • Yousef Ghorbani

1 June 2018

The leaching of copper from industrial copper ore with 4.8 wt % chalcopyrite by acidified nitrate with seawater based media was investigated. Water quality (pure water and seawater), temperature (25–70 °C), reagent concentration, and nitrat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
5,319 Views
17 Pages

17 July 2020

The objective of this study is to compare the reaction kinetics of copper leaching from chalcopyrite in acidic ferric sulfate media with (UAL) and without (non-UAL) ultrasound assistance. Four leaching parameters were evaluated and optimized. The par...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,104 Views
16 Pages

Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Oxygen and Sulfuric Acid Using a Low-Pressure Reactor

  • Josué Cháidez,
  • José Parga,
  • Jesús Valenzuela,
  • Raúl Carrillo and
  • Isaías Almaguer

6 February 2019

This article presents a copper leaching process from chalcopyrite concentrates using a low-pressure reactor. The experiments were carried out in a 30 L batch reactor at an oxygen pressure of 1 kg/cm2 and solid concentration of 100 g/L. The temperatur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,735 Views
12 Pages

20 November 2023

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) particles, exposing anisotropic crystal planes during the grinding process, possess comprehensive surface properties that affect their leaching behaviors. In order to investigate the influence of anisotropic crystal planes on th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,134 Views
15 Pages

An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery

  • César I. Castellón,
  • Pía C. Hernández,
  • Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes and
  • María E. Taboada

17 April 2020

An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the sodium nitrate has been evaluated. The work involved leaching test carried out under various condit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,003 Views
14 Pages

Use of Seawater/Brine and Caliche’s Salts as Clean and Environmentally Friendly Sources of Chloride and Nitrate Ions for Chalcopyrite Concentrate Leaching

  • Pía Hernández,
  • Alexis Dorador,
  • Monserrat Martínez,
  • Norman Toro,
  • Jonathan Castillo and
  • Yousef Ghorbani

23 May 2020

A less harmful approach for the environment regarding chalcopyrite concentrate leaching, using seawater/brine and caliche’s salts as a source of chloride and nitrate ions, was investigated. Different variables were evaluated: sulfuric acid conc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,271 Views
13 Pages

2 April 2021

The leaching of chalcopyrite under different redox potentials was studied with a redox potential controlling device based on microcontroller technology. The leaching test was carried out in a 500 mL flask with 4 g pure chalcopyrite and 200 mL sulfuri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,968 Views
15 Pages

25 December 2018

Chalcopyrite is the richest copper sulfide mineral in the world, but it is also the most resistant to biohydrometallurgical processing. To promote the bioleaching of chalcopyrite, a nonionic surfactant, t-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-10...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,921 Views
14 Pages

17 December 2020

Bioleaching models to examine copper extraction from low-grade chalcopyrite ores were set up to identify the influence of pyrite on leaching efficacy. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and geochemical analysis showed that extraction was m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,758 Views
17 Pages

Chalcopyrite Leaching with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine Species in Acidic Chloride Media at Room Temperature: Technical and Economic Evaluation

  • Germán A. Moraga,
  • Nathalie E. Jamett,
  • Pía C. Hernández,
  • Teófilo A. Graber and
  • María E. Taboada

30 September 2021

In Chile, the hydrometallurgical plants are operating below their capacity due to a depletion of copper oxide ores. To obtain suitable pregnant leach solutions (PLSs) for hydrometallurgical plants, leaching solutions combining iodine-based oxidants a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,940 Views
10 Pages

29 August 2016

Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite is hindered predominantly due to the passivation layers formed on the chalcopyrite surface. However, the effects of impurity cations released from the gangue are not yet well understood. Density functiona...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,454 Views
9 Pages

9 October 2016

An electrode system to study the mechanism of fine microgram powder sulfide mineral dissolution was developed by using a relatively simple method that enables the attachment of micrograms of fine powder to a platinum plate surface. This system yields...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
950 Views
16 Pages

28 August 2025

The mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is inherently resistant to conventional leaching techniques, necessitating the intensification of the leaching process to achieve efficient metal recovery. Microwave-assisted leaching, combined with the application o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
752 Views
16 Pages

Contribution of Sessile Acidophiles on Chalcopyrite Bioleaching Under Controlled Redox Potentials

  • Qiru Yang,
  • Yan Jia,
  • Luohu Zhang,
  • Qiaoyi Tan,
  • Heyun Sun,
  • Jiaqi Jin,
  • Jingkui Qu,
  • Renman Ruan and
  • Chao Zhang

4 May 2025

Although the bioleaching of secondary copper sulfides has been industrialized for decades, the application of chalcopyrite bioleaching remains under development because of its low leaching rate. The effect of contact microbes on chalcopyrite leaching...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,581 Views
15 Pages

Cupric and Chloride Ions: Leaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Low Chloride Concentration Media

  • Cynthia M. Torres,
  • Yousef Ghorbani,
  • Pía C. Hernández,
  • Francisca J. Justel,
  • Matías I. Aravena and
  • Osvaldo O. Herreros

18 October 2019

In this paper, the effect of the cupric and chloride ions concentrations on copper dissolution from chalcopyrite concentrate was studied in acidified media. Variables included three different concentrations of Cu2+ (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 g L−1), fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,803 Views
17 Pages

Enhanced Chalcopyrite Dissolution in Acidic Culture Medium: The Impact of Arsenopyrite Presence

  • Xiangdong Shangguan,
  • Yuandong Liu,
  • Run Liu,
  • Kan Wang,
  • Wissal Belqadi,
  • Jiayu He,
  • Yan Tong,
  • Li Shen,
  • Weimin Zeng and
  • Xinlei Sun
  • + 2 authors

30 December 2023

Nowadays, research on promoting the dissolution of chalcopyrite is important. As a natural symbiotic mineral of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite will have an impact on the dissolution of chalcopyrite. This paper shows the influence of arsenopyrite on the d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,844 Views
20 Pages

The Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution

  • Sanja J. Petrović,
  • Grozdanka D. Bogdanović,
  • Milan M. Antonijević,
  • Marija Vukčević and
  • Renata Kovačević

27 October 2023

Research on chalcopyrite leaching represents a great challenge, given its importance as one of the most abundant copper minerals and its significant role in global copper extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different parameters on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
511 Views
16 Pages

Optimizing copper recovery from sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, which constitutes over 70% of global copper reserves, is essential due to the depletion of conventional copper oxide resources. This study aimed to establish optimal ferric leachi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
393 Views
14 Pages

Surface Characterization of Chalcopyrite Dissolution in Hypochlorite Medium

  • Oscar Benavente,
  • María-Cecilia Hernández,
  • Evelyn Melo,
  • Víctor Quezada,
  • Joan Vignals and
  • Antoni Roca

29 November 2025

The surface of chalcopyrite was studied by XPS characterization for an unleached chalcopyrite, and, after being leached in an alkaline oxidant medium at room temperature, pH 12.5, and [ClO] 0.34 M, the reaction of enargite presented high selec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,788 Views
34 Pages

Copper Recovery from Copper Sulfide Ore by Combined Method of Collectorless Flotation and Additive Roasting Followed by Acid Leaching

  • Bekhzod Gayratov,
  • Bobur Gayratov,
  • Labone L. Godirilwe,
  • Sanghee Jeon,
  • Abduqahhor Saynazarov,
  • Saidalokhon Mutalibkhonov and
  • Atsushi Shibayama

Copper sulfide ores often contain significant amounts of silica and sulfur-bearing gangue minerals, complicating flotation efficiency. However, these challenges can be mitigated through collectorless flotation, which exploits the natural floatability...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,014 Views
18 Pages

21 October 2024

The research of this paper was carried out on the low-temperature (100 ± 2 °C) pressure (0.2–0.8 MPa) leaching of pyrite, chalcopyrite and their mixture. According to experiments on chalcopyrite dissolution, increasing the oxygen pre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,768 Views
15 Pages

Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Using Alkaline Glycine–Ammonia Solutions

  • Zixian Deng,
  • Elsayed Oraby,
  • Huan Li and
  • Jacques Eksteen

25 November 2022

Chalcopyrite is well known as being refractory to conventional leaching approaches at atmospheric pressure. The current study investigated a hybrid approach using aqueous ammonia as a pH modifier for glycine-based lixiviant systems to leach copper fr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,966 Views
18 Pages

30 August 2023

To enhance the leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates, this study evaluated a new process for extracting copper using iodized solutions and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater without pressure or high temperatures. The work involved a leaching test carr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,755 Views
16 Pages

Bioleaching may be effectively used to extract nonferrous metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. At the same time, some minerals are refractory and their bioleaching rate is often comparatively low that does not allow the required metal extractio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,889 Views
29 Pages

25 January 2025

The research presented in this paper focused on the pressure leaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite in their mixture at a low temperature (100 ± 2 °C). The mathematical models of chalcopyrite and pyrite dissolution in their mixture are obtain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,478 Views
23 Pages

13 March 2023

One of the main problems in processing chalcopyrite ore with hydrometallurgical methods is its refractoriness, which is due to the formation of a layer that inhibits the contact of the ore with the leaching solution, thus reducing the dissolution rat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,461 Views
15 Pages

Efficient Copper Recovery from Chalcopyrite Using an «Isopropanol–Sulfuric Acid–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate» System

  • Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev,
  • Tlek Ketegenov,
  • Kaster Kamunur,
  • Aisulu Batkal and
  • Rashid Nadirov

22 October 2023

In this study, SDS is used to enhance the sulfuric acid leaching of chalcopyrite in aqueous and isopropanol media. The presence of SDS increased copper extraction into the solution in both solvents. However, it was the “isopropanol–sulfur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,499 Views
15 Pages

2 December 2016

The dissolution routes of chalcopyrite in acidic sulfate aqueous solution have been discussed by thermodynamic calculation under different aqueous species concentrations, such as Cu2+, Fe2+ and H2S. The results show that for both oxidative dissolutio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,318 Views
10 Pages

Chalcopyrite Leaching in Ferric Sulphate: The Effect of Fe3O4-CuFeS2 Galvanic Couple on the Cu Dissolution

  • Kolela J. Nyembwe,
  • Elvis Fosso-Kankeu,
  • Frans Waanders,
  • Bhekie B. Mamba and
  • Martin Mkandawire

2 February 2024

Galvanic interactions present alternative strategies to achieve a more efficient Cu dissolution from CuFeS2. The present work studied the interaction between chalcopyrite–magnetite (CuFeS2-Fe3O4) in acidified ferric sulphate Fe2(SO4)3-H2SO4 at...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,476 Views
12 Pages

Selective Leaching of Molybdenum from Bulk Concentrate by Electro-Oxidation

  • Kyeong Woo Chung,
  • Ho-Sung Yoon,
  • Chul-Joo Kim and
  • Ho-Seok Jeon

26 November 2021

This paper proposes selective leaching of molybdenum from Mo/Cu complex bulk concentrates in a 5 M NaCl solution using the electro-oxidation method. Here, the effects of several factors such as pH, pulp density, current density, and temperatures were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,214 Views
14 Pages

Galvanic Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulphides Using MnO2 in H2SO4-NaCl Media

  • Przemyslaw B. Kowalczuk,
  • Dan Oliric Manaig,
  • Kristian Drivenes,
  • Ben Snook,
  • Kurt Aasly and
  • Rolf Arne Kleiv

30 May 2018

This paper reports the leaching of seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) from the Loki’s Castle area at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge in sulphuric acid with manganese dioxide and sodium chloride. The results presented are of various leaching experiment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,911 Views
14 Pages

Options for Increasing the Rate of Bioleaching of Arsenic Containing Copper Concentrate

  • Alena Artykova,
  • Yuliya Elkina,
  • Aleksandra Nechaeva,
  • Vitaliy Melamud,
  • Anna Boduen and
  • Aleksandr Bulaev

In the present work the effect of alkaline sulfide leaching (ASL) on the extraction of copper and zinc from low-grade copper concentrate containing chalcopyrite, tennantite, sphalerite, and pyrite during batch and continuous bioleaching experiments w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
7,406 Views
14 Pages

Effect of Pretreatment on Leaching Primary Copper Sulfide in Acid-Chloride Media

  • Cecilia P. Cerda,
  • María E. Taboada,
  • Nathalie E. Jamett,
  • Yousef Ghorbani and
  • Pía C. Hernández

21 December 2017

The aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of copper sulfide ore composed mainly of chalcopyrite (1.21 wt %) and bornite (0.54 wt %) using a pretreatment before leaching. The effect of the pretreatment on copper sulfide dissolution was inve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,718 Views
16 Pages

Nitric Acid Dissolution of Tennantite, Chalcopyrite and Sphalerite in the Presence of Fe (III) Ions and FeS2

  • Oleg Dizer,
  • Denis Rogozhnikov,
  • Kirill Karimov,
  • Evgeniy Kuzas and
  • Alexey Suntsov

18 February 2022

This paper describes the nitric acid dissolution process of natural minerals such as tennantite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, with the addition of Fe (III) ions and FeS2. These minerals are typical for the ores of the Ural deposits. The effect of tem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,187 Views
13 Pages

20 March 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to produce an ore-based high-capacity supercapacitor electrode. For this, chalcopyrite ore was first leached with nitric acid, and then metal oxide synthesis was carried out immediately on nickel foam using a hyd...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,085 Views
12 Pages

Leaching Chalcopyrite with High MnO2 and Chloride Concentrations

  • David Torres,
  • Luís Ayala,
  • Ricardo I. Jeldres,
  • Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz,
  • Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez,
  • Pedro Robles and
  • Norman Toro

9 January 2020

Most copper minerals are found as sulfides, with chalcopyrite being the most abundant. However; this ore is refractory to conventional hydrometallurgical methods, so it has been historically exploited through froth flotation, followed by smelting ope...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,436 Views
16 Pages

Influence of Native Leptospirillum ferriphilum Strains on Ferric Iron and Leached Copper Recovery from Chalcopyrite to Mesophilic Temperature Under Laboratory Conditions

  • Francisco Zea-Gamboa,
  • Claudia Clavijo-Koc,
  • Jose Fernando Sandoval-Niebles,
  • Virginia Liliana Chipana-Laura,
  • Jhonny Paredes-Escobar,
  • Dayana Araceli Condori-Pacoricona and
  • Daladier Castillo-Cotrina

Bioleaching represents a sustainable and economically viable method for recovering metals from sulfide ores. This study evaluates the bioleaching potential of eight native mesophilic strains isolated from chalcopyrite ore sourced from the Toquepala m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,000 Views
33 Pages

11 August 2023

The complete reaction of chalcopyrite at ≥220 °C under pressure oxidation conditions (10 or 20% w/w pulp density, PO2 700 kPa) is a clean, near complete process, yielding high copper extractions (~99%) in an acidic leach liquor composed of dis...

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