Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life, considered a health burden because of its morbidity and costs. Its diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and the role...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, and the severity may be influenced by the bacterial ecosystem. Our aim was to analyze the nasal microbiota from 48 infants affected by bronchiolitis from RSV virus and 28 infant...
This study aims to analyze whether bronchiolitis in children younger than one-year-old contributes to subsequent asthma. Medical data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Participants were divided into study...
Acute viral bronchiolitis causes significant mortality in the developing world, is the number one cause of infant hospitalisation in the developed world, and is associated with the later development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma. A vaccine...
Background and Objectives: Acute bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization and morbidity in infants and young children. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted its epidemiology globally. This study aims to assess changes in bronchiolitis epidemi...
Background: Routine chest X-rays (CXR) are not recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics in bronchiolitis, yet remain a mainstay in diagnostics. We aimed to understand the impact of obtaining CXRs in patients with critical bronchiolitis, asse...
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends supportive care for the management of bronchiolitis. However, patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe (critical) bronchiolitis define a unique group with varying needs for both non-...
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is considered an airway-centered disease, with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) as pathologic hallmark. However, the histologic spectrum of pure clinical BOS remains poorly characterized. We provide the first in-d...
There is growing interest for studying how early-life influences the development of respiratory diseases. Our aim was to apply metabolomic analysis to urine collected at birth, to evaluate whether there is any early metabolic signatures capable to di...
This evidence-based consensus aims to establish the role of point-of-care lung ultrasound in the management of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in paediatric patients. A panel of thirteen experts form five Polish tertiary pediatric centres was involved in...
Acute bronchiolitis represents the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Together with a respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus (RV) is one of the most common pathogens associated with bronchiolitis, and its genetic diversity (>150 types)...
There is increasing recognition of the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) to assess bronchiolitis severity in children. However, available studies are limited to small, single-center cohorts. We aimed to assess a qualitative and quantitative LUS protocol...
Background: Bronchiolitis is a seasonal viral infection of the respiratory tract that causes numerous childhood hospitalizations annually. Treatments vary based on severity, with mild cases requiring fluids and moderate to severe cases involving hosp...
Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract that affects infants and young children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common causative agent; however, other viruses can be involved in this disease. We retrosp...
In treating acute bronchiolitis in infants, the decision to use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) often involves infant referral from the pediatric ward to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We present our experience of CPAP use in a...
Objective: Many studies have shown that severe (hospitalized) bronchiolitis during infancy is a risk factor for developing childhood asthma. However, the population subgroups at the highest risk remain unclear. Using large nationwide pediatric cohort...
Over two years (2012–2014), 719 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 6-week- to 12-month-old infants presenting at the emergency department with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis. Viral testing was performed, and we found that 98% of sampl...
Background/Objectives: Although serious bacterial infections are rare in children with acute bronchiolitis, which is predominantly caused by respiratory viruses, antibiotics are often prescribed. This study aimed to identify clinical factors associat...
Background: Bronchiolitis accounts for a substantial number of pediatric hospitalizations and its epidemiology closely parallels that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), its principal etiological agent. International guidelines recommend supportive...
In the post-restrictions COVID-19 period, the incidence of bronchiolitis in infants has increased considerably. Several scores determine the degree of severity of the bronchiolitis episode, but few are clinician-friendly. The main aim of this researc...
Background/Objectives: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants under 12 months. While often self-limiting, a subset of cases evolves into severe disease requiring intensive care. This study aimed to identify risk factors for...
Objectives: Bronchiolitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 24 months. During the first year of the pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions resulted in a significant reduction of bronchiolitis cases. Early in 2021...
Lung ultrasound, a non-invasive bedside technique for assessing paediatric patients with acute respiratory diseases, is becoming increasingly widespread. The aim of this prospective, observational cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a c...
Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the first year of life. We analyzed the association between complete blood count (CBC), c-reactive protein (CRP), and novel inflammatory indexes (NLR, P...
The non-pharmacological measures implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted the usual bronchiolitis seasonality. Some authors have speculated that, after the lock down period, there would be an increase in the number and severity of respira...
Background: Castleman’s disease (CD), also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, describes a rare group of diseases manifesting with enlarged lymph nodes and various inflammatory symptoms. The association between Castleman’s di...
17 July 2021
Bronchiolitis has a high morbidity in children under 2 years old. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing the disease. At present, there is only a costly humanized monoclonal RSV-specific antibody to prevent RSV. However...
Background and Objectives: Recent literature suggests that lung ultrasound might have a role in the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between an ultrasound score and the clinical progressi...
Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis are at high risk for asthma. Glutathione-related metabolites may antagonize oxidative stress, which induces airway injuries in respiratory infection and subsequent airway remodeling. However, little is known abo...
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used in infants with bronchiolitis for decades. Recently, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was introduced We conducted a retrospective study of treatment with CPAP vs. HFNC between 2013 and 20...
Despite the lack of evidence that bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics are useful in treating bronchiolitis, their use is still widespread. This study aimed to determine the consumption of antibiotics for bronchiolitis before and after a...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with oxidative lung injury, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), and the degradation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of AOE expression....
We aimed to delineate cardiopulmonary interactions in acute bronchiolitis and to evaluate the capacity of a combined cardiopulmonary ultrasonography to predict the need for respiratory support. This was a prospective observational single-center study...
Bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization in infants. Diagnosis is clinical, and treatment is based on hydration and oxygen therapy. Nevertheless, unnecessary diagnostic tests and pharmacological treatments are still very common. This retros...
(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronc...
Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome involving the lower respiratory tract of infants and young children. The majority of patients recover using adequate hydration and oxygen (O2) therapy, while a small number of patients require ventilatory assistan...
There is limited evidence of the potential benefits of the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the management of bronchiolitis in the ward. Our aim is to describe the ventilation trends for bronchiolitis in our hospital along with the introduct...
This research aims to determine acute bronchiolitis’ causative virus(es) and establish a viable protocol to classify the Human Rhinovirus (HRV) species. During 2021–2022, we included children 1–24 months of age with acute bronchioli...
Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now a standard of care for the management of many metastatic cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Pembrolizumab, a selective anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody, augments the host antitumoural response....
The utility of measuring serum periostin levels for predicting the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation remains underexplored. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between initially transplante...
The aim of this study was to describe the 2022–2023 bronchiolitis epidemic season (the second after COVID-19 pandemic and the first without social restriction), focusing on patients discharged home from a pediatric emergency department (PED) an...
A history of bronchiolitis may lead to changes in health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of history of bronchiolitis on health-related physical fitness components (muscle streng...
Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide for children aged ≤2 years. Few studies have compared general ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study aim...
Infants who are breastfed are at an immunological advantage when compared with formula fed infants, evidenced by decreased incidence of infections and diminished propensity for long term conditions, including chronic wheeze and/or asthma. Exclusive...
17 January 2021
Seasonal variations in UV-B radiation may influence vitamin D status, and this, in turn, may influence the risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization. The aim of this study was using a causal inference approach to investigate, simultaneously, the interrel...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. The role of RSV load in disease severity is still debated. We present the interim results of a prospective monocentric study enrolling previously heal...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of global child morbidity and mortality. Every year, seasonal RSV outbreaks put high pressure on paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide, including in the Netherlands, and t...
The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology, disease severity, and microbiology of bronchiolitis in Italy during the 2021–2022 cold season, outside of lockdowns. Before COVID-19, the usual bronchiolitis season in Italy would begin in Nov...
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under two years of age. NF-κB is a key transcription factor in antiviral and inflammatory responses. This study inv...
Limited data exist regarding feeding pediatric patients managed on non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) modes that augment oxygenation and ventilation in the setting of acute respiratory failure. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore...
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