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  • Review
  • Open Access
1,117 Views
19 Pages

Wheat Hydrocolloids and Their Importance for Brewing

  • Kristina Habschied,
  • Marija Kovačević Babić,
  • Daniela Horvat,
  • Krešimir Dvojković,
  • Vinko Krstanović and
  • Krešimir Mastanjević

Wheat is often used as a raw material in the brewing of special styles of beer. Hydrocolloids naturally present in wheat are called pentosans. They constitute approximately 2% of wheat flour. Arabinoxylans (pentosanes) and β-glucan are common co...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,212 Views
20 Pages

Strategies and Challenges of Microbiota Regulation in Baijiu Brewing

  • Pengpeng Zhang,
  • Yanbo Liu,
  • Haideng Li,
  • Ming Hui and
  • Chunmei Pan

20 June 2024

The traditional Chinese Baijiu brewing process utilizes natural inoculation and open fermentation. The microbial composition and abundance in the microecology of Baijiu brewing often exhibit unstable characteristics, which directly results in fluctua...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
13,405 Views
55 Pages

The Impact of Brewing Methods on the Quality of a Cup of Coffee

  • Alessandro Genovese,
  • Nicola Caporaso and
  • Antonietta Baiano

25 August 2025

A comprehensive overview is provided on factors and processes influencing the final quality of a cup of coffee, with an emphasis on the brewing method’s central role. Coffee quality assessment, both at the bean and cup level, combines objective...

  • Review
  • Open Access
61 Citations
14,237 Views
26 Pages

Gluten-Free Brewing: Issues and Perspectives

  • Nazarena Cela,
  • Nicola Condelli,
  • Marisa C. Caruso,
  • Giuseppe Perretti,
  • Maria Di Cairano,
  • Roberta Tolve and
  • Fernanda Galgano

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Currently, it affects around 1% of world population, but it is constantly growing. Celiac patients have to follow a strict gluten-free (GF) diet. Beer is one of the most consumed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,306 Views
10 Pages

Effect of Roasting and Brewing on the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Tartary Buckwheat

  • Ji-yeon Ryu,
  • Yoonseong Choi,
  • Kun-Hwa Hong,
  • Yong Suk Chung and
  • Somi Kim Cho

21 September 2020

We evaluated the effect of the roasting and brewing conditions of Tartary buckwheat (TB), which is widely used in infusion teas, on its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in vitro. TB was roasted at 210 °C for 10 min and brewed at a hig...

  • Review
  • Open Access
125 Citations
23,573 Views
11 Pages

Free Amino Nitrogen in Brewing

  • Annie E. Hill and
  • Graham G. Stewart

The role of nitrogenous components in malt and wort during the production of beer has long been recognized. The concentration and range of wort amino acids impact on ethanolic fermentation by yeast and on the production of a range of flavour and arom...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
14,795 Views
25 Pages

The Importance of a Comparative Characterization of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Saccharomyces Pastorianus Strains for Brewing

  • Tim Meier-Dörnberg,
  • Mathias Hutzler,
  • Maximilian Michel,
  • Frank-Jürgen Methner and
  • Fritz Jacob

The volume and market share loss for classical beer types such as pils beer and wheat beer has been declining for several years, but the overall beer market remains almost unchanged as a result of the increasing interest in beer specialties Due to hi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
103 Citations
21,711 Views
12 Pages

9 July 2020

The role of roasting in cold brew coffee chemistry is poorly understood. The brewing temperature influences extraction processes and may have varying effects across the roast spectrum. To understand the relationship between brew temperature and roast...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,693 Views
19 Pages

Use of Unmalted and Malted Buckwheat in Brewing

  • Marius Eduard Ciocan,
  • Rozália Veronika Salamon,
  • Ágota Ambrus,
  • Georgiana Gabriela Codină,
  • Ancuța Chetrariu and
  • Adriana Dabija

8 February 2023

With the goal of introducing specialty beers with full flavor and effective processing, craft and functional beer have revived old assortments and established new assortments in countries throughout the world. These unique selections are produced uti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,685 Views
17 Pages

19 January 2022

As microbreweries have flourished and craft beer brewing has expanded into a multibillion-dollar industry, the ingredients and techniques used to brew beer have changed and diversified. New brewing ingredients and techniques have led to increased con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,979 Views
14 Pages

Bread as a Valuable Raw Material in Craft Ale Beer Brewing

  • Carlos Martin-Lobera,
  • Fernando Aranda,
  • Patricia Lozano-Martinez,
  • Isabel Caballero and
  • Carlos A. Blanco

28 September 2022

One of the ingredients used for brewing is barley, which should be malted; it is considered the most polluting agricultural input. On the other hand, food wastage is today a widespread problem that causes significant environmental damage and also gen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
8,706 Views
15 Pages

Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products

  • Kristina Mastanjević,
  • Jasmina Lukinac,
  • Marko Jukić,
  • Bojan Šarkanj,
  • Vinko Krstanović and
  • Krešimir Mastanjević

9 January 2019

Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
11,800 Views
26 Pages

Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods

  • Iwona Mystkowska,
  • Aleksandra Dmitrowicz and
  • Monika Sijko-Szpańska

6 December 2024

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its sensory and health benefits. The caffeine content, a bioactive compound of coffee, depends on many factors, including the brewing method, which is the subject of ongoing scie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,555 Views
13 Pages

Starch-Rich Microalgae as an Active Ingredient in Beer Brewing

  • Giorgia Carnovale,
  • Shaun Leivers,
  • Filipa Rosa,
  • Hans-Ragnar Norli,
  • Edvard Hortemo,
  • Trude Wicklund,
  • Svein Jarle Horn and
  • Kari Skjånes

17 May 2022

Microalgal biomass is widely studied for its possible application in food and human nutrition due to its multiple potential health benefits, and to address raising sustainability concerns. An interesting field whereby to further explore the applicati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
64 Citations
16,847 Views
16 Pages

Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Coffee Beverages Depending on the Brewing Method

  • Katarzyna Janda,
  • Karolina Jakubczyk,
  • Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka,
  • Patrycja Kapczuk,
  • Joanna Kochman,
  • Ewa Rębacz-Maron and
  • Izabela Gutowska

23 January 2020

Coffee, being one of the world’s most popular beverages, is a rich source of dietary antioxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral content and antioxidant activity as well as acidity of coffee beverages depending on the brewi...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
9,279 Views
13 Pages

Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Coffee Prepared by Various Brewing and Roasting Methods

  • Ja-Myung Yu,
  • Mingi Chu,
  • Hyunbeen Park,
  • Jooyeon Park and
  • Kwang-Geun Lee

10 June 2021

Volatile compounds of coffee brewed under various roasting conditions and by different brewing methods were analyzed. Green coffee beans (Coffea arabica) were roasted at 235 °C for 13 min, 240 °C for 15 min, and 245 °C for 17 min. Roasted coffee bean...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
8,092 Views
20 Pages

Considerations When Brewing with Fruit Juices: A Review and Case Study Using Peaches

  • Skylar R. Moreno,
  • Savanna J. Curtis,
  • Ali Sarkhosh,
  • Paul J. Sarnoski,
  • Charles A. Sims,
  • Eric Dreyer,
  • Arthur B. Rudolph,
  • Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick and
  • Andrew J. MacIntosh

Beer is traditionally brewed using barley, hops, water, and yeast. Historically, fruit has been utilized in brewing operations as a source of carbohydrates, color, and/or flavor. This practice has been increasing in recent years due to economic and m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,769 Views
25 Pages

Influence of Brewing Methods on the Bioactive and Mineral Composition of Coffee Beverages

  • Monika Sijko-Szpańska,
  • Iwona Mystkowska and
  • Aleksandra Dmitrowicz

14 October 2025

The chemical profile of coffee depends on numerous factors, the complexity of which makes it difficult to clearly assess their influence. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the impact of selected coffee brewing methods (Espresso, S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,601 Views
23 Pages

Screening for the Brewing Ability of Different Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts

  • Yvonne Methner,
  • Mathias Hutzler,
  • Dagmar Matoulková,
  • Fritz Jacob and
  • Maximilian Michel

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have aroused interest in brewing science as an innovative and seminal way of creating new beer flavors. A screening system for potential brewing strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts was set up to investigate the yeast’s...

  • Review
  • Open Access
57 Citations
21,925 Views
16 Pages

Role of Yeasts in the Brewing Process: Tradition and Innovation

  • Massimo Iorizzo,
  • Francesca Coppola,
  • Francesco Letizia,
  • Bruno Testa and
  • Elena Sorrentino

11 May 2021

Nowadays, in the beer sector, there is a wide range of products, which differ for the technologies adopted, raw materials used, and microorganisms involved in the fermentation processes. The quality of beer is directly related to the fermentation act...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
14,872 Views
10 Pages

Mbege is a beer made of banana (Musa spp.) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana). It is the most popular indigenous alcoholic beverage in northeastern Tanzania, and plays an important role in the economy of the region. In this study, we observed and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,067 Views
17 Pages

Profiling Real-Time Aroma from Green Tea Infusion during Brewing

  • Litao Sun,
  • Xue Dong,
  • Yonglin Ren,
  • Manjree Agarwal,
  • Alexander Ren and
  • Zhaotang Ding

25 February 2022

Aroma substances are the most crucial criteria for the sensory evaluation of tea quality, and also key attractors influencing consumers to make the decision for purchasing tea. Understanding the aromatic properties of tea infusion during different br...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,992 Views
20 Pages

Effects of Different Brewing Technologies on Polyphenols and Aroma Components of Black Chokeberry Wine

  • Mengying Chen,
  • Shuting Zhang,
  • Yuanxiao Ren,
  • Zhao Le,
  • Lingxi Li and
  • Baoshan Sun

17 February 2023

The black chokeberry is a shrub of the Rosaceae family, which is characterized by strong acidity and astringency and is widely processed into wine and alcoholic beverages. However, due to the characteristics of black chokeberries, the wine brewed by...

  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
13,050 Views
20 Pages

Beer is a fermented beverage with a history as old as human civilization. Ales and lagers are by far the most common beers; however, diversification is becoming increasingly important in the brewing market and the brewers are continuously interested...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,580 Views
25 Pages

This manuscript examines the critical role of lactic acid in baijiu brewing, focusing on the microorganisms involved in its production, the importance of lactic acid in the brewing process, and the methods used to control its levels. The study is, to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,340 Views
11 Pages

Fusarium Mycotoxins Stability during the Malting and Brewing Processes

  • Karim C. Piacentini,
  • Sylvie Běláková,
  • Karolína Benešová,
  • Marek Pernica,
  • Geovana D. Savi,
  • Liliana O. Rocha,
  • Ivo Hartman,
  • Josef Čáslavský and
  • Benedito Corrêa

7 May 2019

Mycotoxins are widely studied by many research groups in all aspects, but the stability of these compounds needs further research for clarification. The objective of this study is to evaluate deoxynivalenol and zearalenone stability during all steps...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
13,549 Views
19 Pages

Impact of Cold versus Hot Brewing on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Herbal Tea

  • Elisabetta Damiani,
  • Patricia Carloni,
  • Gabriele Rocchetti,
  • Biancamaria Senizza,
  • Luca Tiano,
  • Elizabeth Joubert,
  • Dalene de Beer and
  • Luigi Lucini

21 October 2019

Consumption of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) as herbal tea is growing in popularity worldwide and its health-promoting attributes are mainly ascribed to its phenolic composition, which may be affected by the brewing conditions used. An aspect so far...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
14,465 Views
20 Pages

Brewing with unmalted cereal adjuncts can reduce the requirement for malting, thereby lowering costs and improving the overall sustainability of the brewing chain. However, substantial adjunct usage has technological challenges and the sensory charac...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,885 Views
38 Pages

29 May 2024

In this study, a critical review was carried out using the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection database to analyse the scientific literature published to date to identify lines of research and future perspectives on the presence of chemical pollutants i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,362 Views
15 Pages

17 September 2021

Consumer demands for new sensory experiences have driven the research of unconventional yeasts in beer. While much research exists on the use of various common Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as well as non-Saccharomyces yeasts, there exists a gap i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,261 Views
11 Pages

Dynamic Changes in Sensory Quality and Chemical Components of Bingdao Ancient Tree Tea During Multiple Brewing

  • Chunju Peng,
  • Yuxin Zhao,
  • Sifeng Zhang,
  • Yan Tang,
  • Li Jiang,
  • Shujing Liu,
  • Benying Liu,
  • Yuhua Wang,
  • Xinghui Li and
  • Guanghui Zeng

17 July 2025

Bingdao ancient tree tea (BATT), a type of raw Pu-erh tea, is renowned for its brewing durability, characterized by a unique aroma and flavor. To explore the dynamic changes in infusion quality and the impact of multiple steeping process, BATT was br...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
11,166 Views
20 Pages

The mashing step underpins the brewing process, during which the endogenous amylolytic enzymes in the malt, chiefly β-amylase, α-amylase, and limit dextrinase, act concurrently to rapidly hydrolyze malt starch to fermentable sugars. With barley malts...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,450 Views
27 Pages

Changes in the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate Depending on the Brewing Conditions

  • Katarzyna Najman,
  • Rafał Rajewski,
  • Anna Sadowska,
  • Ewelina Hallmann and
  • Krzysztof Buczak

Yerba Mate drink made from dried and crushed leaves and twigs of Paraguayan holly (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), which is a valuable source of bioactive substances, in particular antioxidants. The available literature lacks data on changes in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,716 Views
12 Pages

Comprehensive Investigation of the Effects of Brewing Conditions in Sample Preparation of Green Tea Infusions

  • Yan Jin,
  • Jing Zhao,
  • Eun Mi Kim,
  • Ki Hyun Kim,
  • Seulgi Kang,
  • Heesoo Lee and
  • Jeongmi Lee

Chemical and biological investigation of green tea has been generally performed while using different infusions that are prepared without consideration of the effects of sample preparation conditions. In this study, for the first time, the effects of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
81 Citations
12,959 Views
10 Pages

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. The high production and health properties of coffee make it one of the best among daily drinks. Coffee is wrongly identified as only a stimulant because of its caffeine content. On the other h...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,085 Views
28 Pages

Technological Prospects of Saccharomyces eubayanus: Breakthroughs and Brewing Industry Applications

  • Sofía Inés Giorgetti,
  • Julieta Amalia Burini,
  • Juan Ignacio Eizaguirre and
  • Diego Libkind

This review explores the accumulated research and technological potential of Saccharomyces eubayanus, a cold-tolerant wild yeast first isolated in 1997 from the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina but formally described in 2011. S. eubayanus has g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
10,257 Views
17 Pages

Impact of Brewing Methods on Total Phenolic Content (TPC) in Various Types of Coffee

  • Ewa Olechno,
  • Anna Puścion-Jakubik,
  • Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska and
  • Katarzyna Socha

12 November 2020

Coffee is a widely consumed beverage, both in Europe, where its consumption is highest, and on other continents. It provides many compounds, including phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of various brewing methods on the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,730 Views
33 Pages

21 August 2025

The brewing industry generates vast amounts of by-products of biotic and abiotic nature that require proper handling to reduce their environmental footprint annually. Simultaneously, and in alignment with the current circular economy dynamics, there...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,522 Views
18 Pages

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for Brewing Yeast Biomass Production Using the Response Surface Methodology and Taguchi Technique

  • Iuliana Diana Bărbulescu,
  • Mihaela Violeta Ghica,
  • Mihaela Begea,
  • Mădălina Georgiana Albu Kaya,
  • Răzvan Ionuț Teodorescu,
  • Lăcrămioara Popa,
  • Simona Ioana Mărculescu,
  • Alexandru Ionuț Cîrîc,
  • Corina Dumitrache and
  • Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
  • + 2 authors

9 December 2021

Yeast (including brewing yeast) and yeast-based preparations derived from bioprocesses or agroindustrial byproducts represent valuable feed additives and ingredients for ruminants. The optimization of brewing yeast biotechnological processing through...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,764 Views
15 Pages

Proteomics Answers Which Yeast Genes Are Specific for Baking, Brewing, and Ethanol Production

  • Svetlana Davydenko,
  • Tatiana Meledina,
  • Alexey Mittenberg,
  • Sergey Shabelnikov,
  • Maksim Vonsky and
  • Artyom Morozov

Yeast strains are convenient models for studying domestication processes. The ability of yeast to ferment carbon sources from various substrates and to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide is the core of brewing, winemaking, and ethanol production tech...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,515 Views
13 Pages

Design of a Coffee Alternative by Brewing Roasted Seeds from Baobab (Adansonia digitata)

  • Ruth T. Ngadze,
  • Melania Casertano and
  • Arnau Vilas-Franquesa

1 November 2025

Background: The use of baobab seed beverages as coffee alternatives represents a novel approach to upcycling by-products. Baobab seed aqueous extract is caffeine-free and contains numerous compounds of nutritional interest. The composition and sensor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,337 Views
17 Pages

Effect of Brewing Methods on Acrylamide Content and Antioxidant Activity: Studying Eight Different Filter Coffee Preparations

  • Agnese Santanatoglia,
  • Simone Angeloni,
  • Davide Bartolucci,
  • Lauro Fioretti,
  • Gianni Sagratini,
  • Sauro Vittori and
  • Giovanni Caprioli

21 October 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters affecting the extraction of positive molecules such as chlorogenic acids and antioxidants, as well as potentially carcinogenic substances such as acrylamide, in different coffee brewing methods....

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,080 Views
21 Pages

3.0 Strategies for Yeast Genetic Improvement in Brewing and Winemaking

  • Chiara Nasuti,
  • Lisa Solieri and
  • Kristoffer Krogerus

Yeast genetic improvement is entering a transformative phase, driven by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and synthetic microbial communities with conventional methods such as sexual breeding and random mutagenesis....

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,081 Views
11 Pages

High-gravity brewing is a method that maximises brewhouse capacity and reduces energy consumption per unit of beer produced. The fermentation of wort with high sugar content is known to impact the fermentation characteristics and production of aroma-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
10,446 Views
20 Pages

16 June 2021

Coffee is one of the most often consumed beverages almost all over the world. The multiplicity of beans, as well as the methods and parameters used to brew, encourages the optimization of the brewing process. The study aimed to analyze the effect of...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
16,855 Views
12 Pages

Optimization of Beer Brewing by Monitoring α-Amylase and β-Amylase Activities during Mashing

  • Raimon Parés Viader,
  • Maiken Søe Holmstrøm Yde,
  • Jens Winther Hartvig,
  • Marcus Pagenstecher,
  • Jacob Bille Carlsen,
  • Troels Balmer Christensen and
  • Mogens Larsen Andersen

(1) Background: In the current highly competitive brewing industry, most breweries may benefit from a reduction in mashing time. In this study, a novel enzymatic assay format was used to investigate the activities of α-amylase and β-amylase during di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
4,420 Views
13 Pages

Changes of Physicochemical, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity during the Brewing Process of Zhenjiang Aromatic Vinegar

  • Wenhui Duan,
  • Ting Xia,
  • Bo Zhang,
  • Shaopeng Li,
  • Chenwei Zhang,
  • Chaoya Zhao,
  • Jia Song and
  • Min Wang

31 October 2019

Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) is a kind of traditional fermented food worldwide. In this study, the changes of physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were evalu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
2,828 Views
13 Pages

Metagenomics of Virus Diversities in Solid-State Brewing Process of Traditional Chinese Vinegar

  • Zhen Yu,
  • Yan Ma,
  • Yingfen Guan,
  • Yuanyuan Zhu,
  • Ke Wang,
  • Yuqin Wang,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Juan Chen and
  • Yongjian Yu

21 October 2022

Traditional Chinese vinegar offers an exceptional flavor and rich nutrients due to its unique solid-state fermentation process, which is a multiple microbial fermentation system including various bacteria, fungi and viruses. However, few studies on t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
8,374 Views
10 Pages

28 March 2023

There are billions of tea drinkers around the world. However, the optimized tea-brewing temperature and time conditions for achieving a higher concentration of antioxidants in tea drinks have not been thoroughly studied. Finding out the optimized bre...

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