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329 Results Found

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,993 Views
17 Pages

Conveyor Intermediate TT Drive with Power Transmission at the Return Belt

  • Piotr Bortnowski,
  • Adam Gładysiewicz,
  • Lech Gładysiewicz,
  • Robert Król and
  • Maksymilian Ozdoba

21 August 2022

Intermediate linear booster drive can solve many problems of transport by long route conveyors. At the same time, operating costs are significantly reduced. There are solutions using intermediate belt drives, usually involving friction coupling in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,077 Views
11 Pages

19 September 2025

In conveyor belt drive pulleys and intermediate belt drives, the power transferred from the drive system to the belt increases together with the increasing friction coefficient between the belt surface and the pulley surface, or between the surface o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,309 Views
18 Pages

Distributed Permanent Magnet Direct-Drive Belt Conveyor System and Its Control Strategy

  • Qixun Zhou,
  • Hao Gong,
  • Guanghui Du,
  • Yingxing Zhang and
  • Hucheng He

19 November 2022

The long-distance traditional belt conveyor driven by a single high-power motor has the problems of excessive tension increments and sharp fluctuations in speed and tension. This paper designs a distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,320 Views
23 Pages

14 April 2020

The serpentine belt drive system is used in the auto industry. To avoid thermal destruction inside the belt drive and improve the thermal fatigue life of pulley materials under a variety of operating conditions, the temperature information for each l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,247 Views
19 Pages

The paper presents the measured values of tensile forces acting on transmission idlers in the upper and lower run of a conveyor belt placed on a laboratory machine designed at the Department of Machine and Industrial Design, Faculty of Mechanical Eng...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,522 Views
18 Pages

Research on and Design of an Electric Drive Automatic Control System for Mine Belt Conveyors

  • Li Wang,
  • Haoxin Li,
  • Jingkai Huang,
  • Jinbin Zeng,
  • Luxin Tang,
  • Weibin Wu and
  • Yuanqiang Luo

9 June 2023

Conveyor belts are widely used in ore transportation in large-scale mines for their long transportation range, high safety, and strong economic applicability. Coal mine belt conveyors are not only traditional, simple mechanical conveying devices but...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,078 Views
9 Pages

Prediction of Belt Drive Faults in Case of Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0 Platform

  • Artur Pollak,
  • Sebastian Temich,
  • Wojciech Ptasiński,
  • Jacek Kucharczyk and
  • Damian Gąsiorek

3 November 2021

Continuous production maintenance cost is among one of the highest operational expenses for manufacturing companies. Proper planning of maintenance interventions results in optimized equipment use, higher product quality, and reduced costs. For a bel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,450 Views
25 Pages

16 September 2024

To address the problem of energy wastage in traditional long-distance belt conveyors with low carrying capacity due to the excessive power installation of a single drive motor, a model of a distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor driv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,681 Views
21 Pages

Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on Belt Drive System Characteristic Maps for P0 Hybrid Electric Vehicles

  • Shailesh Hegde,
  • Angelo Bonfitto,
  • Renato Galluzzi,
  • Luis M. Castellanos Molina,
  • Nicola Amati and
  • Andrea Tonoli

2 January 2023

A P0 system is used in hybrid automobiles to improve engine economy and performance. An essential element of the P0 system for effectively transmitting power to the drive train is the belt drive system (BDS). The features of electric machine (EM) and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,890 Views
18 Pages

Using Active Seat Belt Retractions to Mitigate Motion Sickness in Automated Driving

  • Christina Kremer,
  • Markus Tomzig,
  • Nora Merkel and
  • Alexandra Neukum

11 August 2022

The introduction of automated-driving functions provides passengers with the opportunity to engage in non-driving related tasks during the ride. However, this benefit might be compromised by an increased incidence of motion sickness. Therefore, we in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
4,789 Views
20 Pages

The Toxicological Testing and Thermal Decomposition of Drive and Transport Belts Made of Thermoplastic Multilayer Polymer Materials

  • Piotr Krawiec,
  • Łukasz Warguła,
  • Daniel Małozięć,
  • Piotr Kaczmarzyk,
  • Anna Dziechciarz and
  • Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska

28 September 2020

The article presents the potential impact of flat drive and transport belts on people’s safety during a fire. The analysis distinguished belts made of classically used fabric–rubber composite materials reinforced with cord and currently u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,081 Views
21 Pages

1 September 2021

‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (B&R) countries play critical roles in mitigating global carbon emission under the Paris agreement, but their driving factors and feasibility to reduce carbon emissions remain unclear. This paper aims to identify the ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
749 Views
25 Pages

17 April 2025

Studying the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the “water–carbon–ecological” footprint and the decoupling status of its main driving factors is of paramount importance for achieving sustainable development in societ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,867 Views
15 Pages

Evaluating Spatiotemporal Patterns and Integrated Driving Forces of Habitat Quality in the Northern Sand-Prevention Belt of China

  • Huayong Zhang,
  • Jiayu Zheng,
  • Hengchao Zou,
  • Zhongyu Wang,
  • Xiande Ji,
  • Shijia Zhang and
  • Zhao Liu

9 February 2024

Understanding habitat quality patterns and their drivers in arid zones is of fundamental importance to the sustainability maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems, but remains elusive. Here, we applied the InVEST model to investigate the spatiotemporal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
298 Views
20 Pages

26 December 2025

Ecological quality (EQ) in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) has been profoundly reshaped by rapid urbanization and intensive ecological restoration over the past two decades. This study aimed to reveal the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of E...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,082 Views
20 Pages

17 April 2025

Assessing URI and its driving mechanisms can promote urban–rural integration (URI). However, existing research has often underexplored county-scale analyses within national strategic zones in China and has given limited attention to the spatiot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
752 Views
22 Pages

15 April 2025

Driven by global population growth and resource shortages, the coupled and coordinated development of the “Water-Carbon-Ecology” (W-C-E) nexus has emerged as a crucial factor for sustainable societal development. This study constructs a m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,793 Views
19 Pages

With the proposal of the “carbon peak, carbon neutral“ goal, energy efficiency has become one of the key means to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction at this stage. The construction industry, as a cornerstone of China&rsquo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,584 Views
13 Pages

Active Electromagnetic Clutch for Crankshaft Decoupling from a Belt Drive System

  • Luis M. Castellanos Molina,
  • Renato Galluzzi,
  • Shailesh Hegde,
  • Angelo Bonfitto,
  • Nicola Amati,
  • Andrea Tonoli and
  • Walter Ventura

31 May 2024

This work presents a novel electromagnetic clutch installed on the crankshaft pulley to decouple the internal combustion engine from the front-end accessory drive of a P0 hybrid electric vehicle. The objective is to supply the air conditioning compre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,272 Views
37 Pages

27 February 2022

Drive and conveyor belts are widely used in the mining and processing industry. One of the types often used is the belt with a cross-section and a diameter of several millimeters, made of weldable thermoplastic elastomer. Their production process req...

  • Article
  • Open Access
678 Views
32 Pages

28 October 2025

The rational utilization of cultivated land resources is central to ensuring both ecological and food security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), holding strategic significance for regional sustainable development. Using panel data from 2010...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,915 Views
15 Pages

Determining the Power Consumption of the Automatic Device for Belt Perforation Based on the Dynamic Model

  • Dominik Wojtkowiak,
  • Krzysztof Talaśka,
  • Dominik Wilczyński,
  • Jan Górecki and
  • Krzysztof Wałęsa

8 January 2021

The subject of the dynamic analysis presented in the article is the linear drive system with a timing belt utilized in the automatic device for polymer composite belt perforation. The analysis was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,943 Views
18 Pages

Thermal Imaging Study to Determine the Operational Condition of a Conveyor Belt Drive System Structure

  • Dawid Szurgacz,
  • Sergey Zhironkin,
  • Stefan Vöth,
  • Jiří Pokorný,
  • A.J.S. (Sam) Spearing,
  • Michal Cehlár,
  • Marta Stempniak and
  • Leszek Sobik

2 June 2021

The paper discusses the results of a study carried out to determine the thermal condition of a conveyor power unit using a thermal imaging camera. The tests covered conveyors in the main haulage system carrying coal from a longwall. The measurements...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,225 Views
27 Pages

8 August 2023

An energy model that correlates fan airflow, head, speed, and system power input is essential to detect device faults and optimize control strategies in fan systems. Since the application of variable-frequency drives (VFDs) makes the motor-efficiency...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
7,884 Views
11 Pages

1 September 2022

Obtaining powered linear movement over a long range of motion is a common yet challenging task, as the majority of linear actuators have limited ranges of motion as determined by their functioning mechanisms. In this paper, the authors present a nove...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,219 Views
13 Pages

13 October 2020

The impulse response of a rolling bearing and its principal component, the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication film (EHDL), are analysed. When measuring the vibrations of bearings, we observed that the impulse response was mostly caused by defects (fatig...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,454 Views
24 Pages

20 July 2023

The steel industry in the Belt and Road region holds significant potential for development, and the systematic evaluation of its sustainable development capacity serves as a crucial foundation for improving the investment environment in the steel ind...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,345 Views
24 Pages

12 February 2022

In order to meet the increasingly stricter emissions’ regulations, road vehicles require additional technologies aimed at the reduction of emissions from the internal combustion engine (ICE). A favorable solution from the standpoint of costs an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,548 Views
17 Pages

26 March 2024

The coupled and coordinated development of green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is crucial for its realization of green and low-carbon transformation. Based on the panel data of the Yangtze Riv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,142 Views
29 Pages

1 September 2022

Scientific understanding of the evolution law of territorial space patterns and the ability to reveal the formation mechanism hold great significance for the sustainable utilization of territorial resources and the high-quality green development of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
399 Views
27 Pages

19 November 2025

Understanding the spatial dependence and changes in urban ecological resilience is critical to achieving regional sustainability. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and a dynamic spatial Durbin model to investigate urban ecological res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,507 Views
25 Pages

27 December 2022

The coupled and coordinated development of urban resilience and new urbanization is an important guarantee for the realization of urban security and sustainable development. This paper first constructs an evaluation index of urban resilience and new...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
3,723 Views
17 Pages

11 April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to probe into the coupled coordination of urbanization in population, land, and industry to improve urbanization quality. A coupled coordination degree model, spatial analysis method and spatial metering model are employe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,358 Views
18 Pages

Determining and Verifying the Operating Parameters of Suppression Nozzles for Belt Conveyor Drives

  • Dominik Bałaga,
  • Marek Kalita,
  • Michał Siegmund,
  • Krzysztof Nieśpiałowski,
  • Sławomir Bartoszek,
  • Piotr Bortnowski,
  • Maksymilian Ozdoba,
  • Andrzej Walentek and
  • Bożena Gajdzik

20 August 2023

Drives in belt conveyors are critical components of the conveyor system, susceptible to various factors that can cause disruptions and energy losses. In underground mining conditions, the risk of drive fires is particularly hazardous. Therefore, it i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,074 Views
25 Pages

A comprehensive literature review on the kinematics and dynamics modeling and virtual prototyping (V.P) of the Cartesian robots with a flexible configuration is presented in this paper. Different modeling approaches of the main components of the Cart...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,337 Views
15 Pages

Land Use Change and Its Impact on Ecological Risk in the Huaihe River Eco-Economic Belt

  • Huaijun Wang,
  • Ru Feng,
  • Xinchuan Li,
  • Yaxue Yang and
  • Yingping Pan

18 June 2023

Exploring the landscape ecological security pattern and its driving mechanisms in key economic zones is of great significance for preventing and resolving landscape ecological risks and promoting regional sustainable development. This study quantitat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,189 Views
27 Pages

16 April 2025

This paper presents a comparative study of land use in different regional types under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through a case study of Minsk, Vientiane, and Djibouti. The BRI has created significant opportunities for economic cooperation be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,345 Views
21 Pages

16 February 2025

Identifying the driving effects and differentiated characteristics of transportation carbon emissions is crucial for developing targeted and differentiated emission reduction strategies and providing a scientific basis for the Yangtze River Economic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
961 Views
20 Pages

27 March 2025

Hilly mountainous regions are ecologically complex, featuring diverse environmental ecosystem services (ESs) and intricate interactions. However, the variability, drivers, and management of these ESs remain poorly understood, particularly in regions...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
2,788 Views
16 Pages

23 February 2022

Rural transformation development is an important part of rural revitalization, and the study of spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics and the driving mechanism of rural transformation development can provide a decision-making referen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,301 Views
17 Pages

5 May 2023

Optimizing the urban–agricultural–ecological space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is integral to China’s sustainable land development and protection. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, this study identified the urban-agri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,715 Views
25 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Polyurethane Drive Belts with Different Cross-Section Using Thermomechanical Tests for Modeling the Hot Plate Welding Process

  • Krzysztof Wałęsa,
  • Anna Wrzesińska,
  • Marta Dobrosielska,
  • Krzysztof Talaśka and
  • Dominik Wilczyński

8 July 2021

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the circular and flat cross-section belts using measurements of a set of thermomechanical parameters, contributing to research about hot plate welding of drive belts. On the basis of thermogravimetric and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,265 Views
16 Pages

Identifying the Key Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ Countries

  • Lili Sun,
  • Hang Yu,
  • Qiang Liu,
  • Yanzun Li,
  • Lintao Li,
  • Hua Dong and
  • Caspar Daniel Adenutsi

25 July 2022

The ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (B&R) countries play a key role in mitigating global carbon emissions, but their driving factors behind carbon emissions remain unclear. This paper aimed to identify the key driving factors (KDFs) of car...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,138 Views
13 Pages

19 April 2019

As one of the “three major strategies” for China’s regional development, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is under severe pressure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal disparities, and dri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,513 Views
20 Pages

Urban green space plays an important role in beautifying the environment, improving the quality of life of residents, and promoting sustainable urban development. Rapid urbanization has led to great changes in the spatial structure and layout of urba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,279 Views
14 Pages

15 July 2022

Although decoupling tourism growth from carbon emissions is vital for sustainable tourism development, the driving forces of tourism carbon decoupling in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) are little known. Herein, our study applies the geo-detec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,299 Views
15 Pages

Despite an observed daytime front-seat seat belt use that exceeds 90%, nearly half of motor vehicle occupants who die in New York State (NYS) each year are not wearing a seat belt. Crash outcomes were examined by occupant, vehicle, environmental and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,568 Views
25 Pages

Ecosystem and Driving Force Evaluation of Northeast Forest Belt

  • Zhihong Liao,
  • Kai Su,
  • Xuebing Jiang,
  • Xiangbei Zhou,
  • Zhu Yu,
  • Zhongchao Chen,
  • Changwen Wei,
  • Yiming Zhang and
  • Luying Wang

13 August 2022

The ecosystem in the Northeast Forest Belt (NFB) can provide various ecosystem services, such as soil conservation, habitat provision, water conservation, and so on. It is essential for maintaining the ecological environment in Northeast China and th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,227 Views
13 Pages

As a typical basin area in China, the Pearl River-Xijiang River Economic Belt (PRXREB) faces multiple types of environmental problems caused by the different development conditions of basins. To identify the situations of environmental pollution in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,545 Views
24 Pages

13 February 2023

The proposal of a “dual-carbon” goal puts forward higher requirements for air pollution control. Identifying the spatial-temporal characteristics, regional differences, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of PM2.5 are the keys to formu...

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